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2,240 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,665 Views
26 Pages

A Muscle Physiology-Based Framework for Quantifying Training Load in Resistance Exercises

  • Frank Imbach,
  • Stéphane Perrey,
  • Thomas Brioche and
  • Robin Candau

9 January 2025

Background: Objective training load (TL) indexes used in resistance training lack physiological significance. This study was aimed to provide a muscle physiology-based approach for quantifying TL in resistance exercises (REs). Methods: Following indi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,215 Views
18 Pages

Dietary Histamine Impairs the Digestive Physiology Function and Muscle Quality of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)

  • Yumeng Zhang,
  • Hang Zhou,
  • Yu Liu,
  • Lulu Zhu,
  • Jiongting Fan,
  • Huajing Huang,
  • Wen Jiang,
  • Junming Deng and
  • Beiping Tan

16 February 2023

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary histamine on growth performance, digestive physiology function and muscle quality in a hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,004 Views
11 Pages

Evaluation of Muscle Oxygen Dynamics in Children’s Gait and Its Relationship with the Physiological Cost Index

  • Yuya Shirai,
  • Tadashi Ito,
  • Yuji Ito,
  • Naomichi Matsunaga,
  • Koji Noritake,
  • Nobuhiko Ochi and
  • Hideshi Sugiura

11 January 2023

The response of muscle oxygen saturation, which is an index for the energy metabolism of muscles during walking in children, and its relationship to the physiological cost index, which indicates walking efficiency, are unknown. This study aimed to ev...

  • Review
  • Open Access
107 Citations
28,144 Views
20 Pages

Muscle Tone Physiology and Abnormalities

  • Jacky Ganguly,
  • Dinkar Kulshreshtha,
  • Mohammed Almotiri and
  • Mandar Jog

16 April 2021

The simple definition of tone as the resistance to passive stretch is physiologically a complex interlaced network encompassing neural circuits in the brain, spinal cord, and muscle spindle. Disorders of muscle tone can arise from dysfunction in thes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,937 Views
16 Pages

17 February 2023

Kisspeptins are neuropeptides encoded by the kiss1 gene, and little is known about them outside the vertebrate lineage. Two kisspeptin-type neuropeptides (KPs) have been discovered in Apostichopus japonicus (AjK1 and AjK2), an edible sea cucumber, an...

  • Feature Paper
  • Communication
  • Open Access
30 Citations
8,540 Views
11 Pages

Mitigation of Muscle Loss in Stressed Physiology: Military Relevance

  • David D. Church,
  • Jess A. Gwin,
  • Robert R. Wolfe,
  • Stefan M. Pasiakos and
  • Arny A. Ferrando

24 July 2019

Military personnel may be exposed to circumstances (e.g., large energy deficits, sleep deprivation, cognitive demands, and environmental extremes) of external stressors during training and combat operations (i.e., operational stressors) that combine...

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,920 Views
31 Pages

O-GlcNAcylation: The Underestimated Emerging Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Physiology

  • Yang Liu,
  • Ya-Jie Hu,
  • Wen-Xuan Fan,
  • Xin Quan,
  • Bin Xu and
  • Shi-Ze Li

30 May 2022

O-GlcNAcylation is a highly dynamic, reversible and atypical glycosylation that regulates the activity, biological function, stability, sublocation and interaction of target proteins. O-GlcNAcylation receives and coordinates different signal inputs a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
10,920 Views
31 Pages

19 February 2018

Skeletal muscle formation is a multi-step process that is governed by complex networks of transcription factors. The regulation of their functions is in turn multifaceted, including several mechanisms, among them alternative splicing (AS) plays a pri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,362 Views
14 Pages

Magnesium Deficiency Alters Expression of Genes Critical for Muscle Magnesium Homeostasis and Physiology in Mice

  • Dominique Bayle,
  • Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon,
  • Marine Gueugneau,
  • Sara Castiglioni,
  • Monica Zocchi,
  • Magdalena Maj-Zurawska,
  • Adriana Palinska-Saadi,
  • André Mazur,
  • Daniel Béchet and
  • Jeanette A. Maier

24 June 2021

Chronic Mg2+ deficiency is the underlying cause of a broad range of health dysfunctions. As 25% of body Mg2+ is located in the skeletal muscle, Mg2+ transport and homeostasis systems (MgTHs) in the muscle are critical for whole-body Mg2+ homeostasis....

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
6,430 Views
11 Pages

3 October 2021

(1) Background: A variety of stressors may be potentially harmful to adolescents’ health and well-being. Relaxation techniques have been recognized as a valid method for stress release, but the challenge is to apply them practically in schools to pro...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,301 Views
4 Pages

Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on Skeletal Muscle Physiology, Injury and Recovery: From Mechanisms to Therapy

  • Sandro Massao Hirabara,
  • Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr and
  • Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura

18 January 2024

Interventional strategies involving nutrition and physical exercise have been widely proposed to positively modulate skeletal muscle function, in both physiological and pathological states, such as obesity, T2DM, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular...

  • Review
  • Open Access
65 Citations
11,376 Views
27 Pages

The Importance of CXCL1 in Physiology and Noncancerous Diseases of Bone, Bone Marrow, Muscle and the Nervous System

  • Jan Korbecki,
  • Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska,
  • Jerzy Wójcik,
  • Iwona Szatkowska,
  • Katarzyna Barczak,
  • Mikołaj Chlubek and
  • Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka

This review describes the role of CXCL1, a chemokine crucial in inflammation as a chemoattractant for neutrophils, in physiology and in selected major non-cancer diseases. Due to the vast amount of available information, we focus on the role CXCL1 pl...

  • Commentary
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,249 Views
8 Pages

Molecular and cellular biology methodology is traditionally based on the reasoning called “the mechanistic explanation”. In practice, this means identifying and selecting correlations between biological processes which result from our manipulation of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,628 Views
16 Pages

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid Improves Growth, Physiology, Intestinal Microbiota, and Muscle Development in Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

  • Xiaodi Xu,
  • Xiaochuan Zheng,
  • Changyou Song,
  • Xin Liu,
  • Qunlan Zhou,
  • Cunxin Sun,
  • Aimin Wang,
  • Aiming Zhu and
  • Bo Liu

22 January 2025

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), one of the bile acids, is thought to be involved in the regulation of muscle nutrient metabolism and gut microbial homeostasis. However, the effect of dietary addition of TCDCA on Procambarus clarkii is unclear. Th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,307 Views
20 Pages

Sensorimotor control can be impaired by slacked muscle spindles. This was shown for reflex responses and, recently, also for muscular stability in the sense of Adaptive Force (AF). The slack in muscle spindles was generated by contracting the lengthe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,250 Views
13 Pages

The ARK2N (C18ORF25) Genetic Variant Is Associated with Muscle Fiber Size and Strength Athlete Status

  • Rukiye Çığırtaş,
  • Celal Bulgay,
  • Hasan Hüseyin Kazan,
  • Onur Akman,
  • Goran Sporiš,
  • George John,
  • Rinat A. Yusupov,
  • Rinat I. Sultanov,
  • Andrey V. Zhelankin and
  • Ildus I. Ahmetov
  • + 5 authors

5 December 2024

Background: Data on the genetic factors contributing to inter-individual variability in muscle fiber size are limited. Recent research has demonstrated that mice lacking the Arkadia (RNF111) N-terminal-like PKA signaling regulator 2N (Ark2n; also kno...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,814 Views
11 Pages

23 April 2023

Sestrins are a family of stress-inducible proteins that are critical for stress adaptation and the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. High expression of Sestrins is observed in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues, suggesting their significance in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,973 Views
21 Pages

Mechanical Disturbance of Osteoclasts Induces ATP Release That Leads to Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle through an Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway

  • Camilo Morales-Jiménez,
  • Julián Balanta-Melo,
  • Manuel Arias-Calderón,
  • Nadia Hernández,
  • Fernán Gómez-Valenzuela,
  • Alejandro Escobar,
  • Enrique Jaimovich and
  • Sonja Buvinic

21 August 2022

Muscle and bone are tightly integrated through mechanical and biochemical signals. Osteoclasts are cells mostly related to pathological bone loss; however, they also start physiological bone remodeling. Therefore, osteoclast signals released during b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
13,824 Views
10 Pages

MOTS-c Serum Concentration Positively Correlates with Lower-Body Muscle Strength and Is Not Related to Maximal Oxygen Uptake—A Preliminary Study

  • Remigiusz Domin,
  • Michał Pytka,
  • Mikołaj Żołyński,
  • Jan Niziński,
  • Marcin Rucinski,
  • Przemysław Guzik,
  • Jacek Zieliński and
  • Marek Ruchała

6 October 2023

The mitochondrial open reading frame of 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that regulates the nuclear genome during stressful conditions such as hypoxia, which is typical of exercise and training. We aim to mainly investigate the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,287 Views
15 Pages

10 September 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of medium-intensity inspiratory muscle training added to standard swimming training on inspiratory muscle strength and aerobic endurance levels and training status in disabled swimming athl...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
13,211 Views
23 Pages

The Role of Biomarkers in Monitoring Chronic Fatigue Among Male Professional Team Athletes: A Systematic Review

  • Alejandro Soler-López,
  • Adrián Moreno-Villanueva,
  • Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona and
  • José Pino-Ortega

25 October 2024

This systematic review synthesizes evidence on biomarker responses to physiological loads in professional male team sport athletes, providing insights into induced fatigue states. Structured searches across major databases yielded 28 studies examinin...

  • Review
  • Open Access
27 Citations
13,130 Views
16 Pages

Anthropometric and Physiological Profile of Mixed Martial Art Athletes: A Brief Review

  • Charalampos Spanias,
  • Pantelis T. Nikolaidis,
  • Thomas Rosemann and
  • Beat Knechtle

14 June 2019

The aim of this review was to analyze the existing knowledge of the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of MMA (mixed martial arts). A computerized search was performed in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for English-language, pee...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,865 Views
17 Pages

24 February 2022

Background: Reports suggest that adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome or long COVID may be affected by orthostatic intolerance syndromes, with autonomic nervous system dysfunction as a possible causal factor of neurocardiovascular instability (NCVI). L...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
9,392 Views
12 Pages

A Comprehensive Analysis of Trapezius Muscle EMG Activity in Relation to Stress and Meditation

  • Mohammad Ahmed,
  • Michael Grillo,
  • Amirtaha Taebi,
  • Mehmet Kaya and
  • Peshala Thibbotuwawa Gamage

Introduction: This study analyzes the efficacy of trapezius muscle electromyography (EMG) in discerning mental states, namely stress and meditation. Methods: Fifteen healthy participants were monitored to assess their physiological responses to menta...

  • Commentary
  • Open Access
23 Citations
10,707 Views
5 Pages

Cancer Cachexia: Muscle Physiology and Exercise Training

  • Claudio L. Battaglini,
  • Anthony C. Hackney and
  • Matthew L. Goodwin

29 November 2012

Cachexia in cancer patients is a condition marked by severe tissue wasting and a myriad of quality of life and health consequences. Cachexia is also directly linked to the issues of morbidity and survivability in cancer patients. Therapeutic means of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,510 Views
13 Pages

17 June 2024

This study examined the effect of repeated bouts of level and downhill running on physiological markers of effort and exercise-induced muscle soreness in trained female distance runners. Ten participants (Age: 24.4 ± 2.0 years; V̇O2peak:...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,113 Views
24 Pages

Gene Expression Dynamics Underlying Muscle Aging in the Hawk Moth Manduca sexta

  • Avery Del Grosso,
  • Beate Wone,
  • Connor McMahon,
  • Hallie Downs and
  • Bernard W. M. Wone

1 November 2025

Background/Objectives: Muscle aging is a complex, dynamic process that impairs overall metabolism and physiological function. The molecular mechanisms underlying declines in muscle performance and metabolic efficiency remain poorly understood, largel...

  • Review
  • Open Access
924 Views
13 Pages

2 December 2025

Background: The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in metabolic and immune homeostasis through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These metabolites influence mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle energetics, epithelial barrier stabili...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,719 Views
15 Pages

Overarm Training Tolerance: A Pilot Study on the Use of Muscle Oxygen Saturation as a Biomarker

  • Bhargav Gorti,
  • Connor Stephenson,
  • Maia Sethi,
  • KaiLi Gross,
  • Mikaela Ramos,
  • Dhruv Seshadri and
  • Colin K. Drummond

20 July 2024

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears occur due to the prolonged exposure and overworking of joint stresses, resulting in decreased strength in the flexion and extension of the elbow. Current rehabilitation approaches for UCL tears involve subjective...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,023 Views
23 Pages

11 February 2025

This study examined the impact of three pre-season fitness training protocols with different training frequencies (heavy, moderate and light) on the physical abilities and the biochemical indicators of muscle damage and oxidative stress in female bas...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,062 Views
21 Pages

5 July 2025

This study introduces an innovative dog emotion classification system that integrates four non-invasive physiological indicators—skin potential (SP), muscle potential (MP), respiration frequency (RF), and voice pattern (VP)—with the extre...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
17,951 Views
40 Pages

Genetic Determinants of Endurance: A Narrative Review on Elite Athlete Status and Performance

  • Barkın Bıçakçı,
  • Paweł Cięszczyk and
  • Kinga Humińska-Lisowska

4 December 2024

This narrative review explores the relationship between genetics and elite endurance athletes, summarizes the current literature, highlights some novel findings, and provides a physiological basis for understanding the mechanistic effects of genetics...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,530 Views
21 Pages

Vitamin D and Sarcopenia: Implications for Muscle Health

  • Héctor Fuentes-Barría,
  • Raúl Aguilera-Eguía,
  • Lissé Angarita-Davila,
  • Diana Rojas-Gómez,
  • Miguel Alarcón-Rivera,
  • Olga López-Soto,
  • Juan Maureira-Sánchez,
  • Valmore Bermúdez,
  • Diego Rivera-Porras and
  • Julio Cesar Contreras-Velázquez

Sarcopenia is a progressive age-related musculoskeletal disorder characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, contributing to functional decline and increased risk of disability. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
7,136 Views
15 Pages

Observational Study on Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Breathing Control for Reducing Dental Anxiety in Children

  • Sorana Maria Bucur,
  • Ioana Maria Crișan,
  • Dorin Ioan Cocoș,
  • Eugen Silviu Bud and
  • Carmen Galea

Background and Objectives: Dental anxiety is a common barrier to pediatric oral care. Non-pharmacological relaxation techniques like Jacobson’s Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR) and Breathing Control (BC) may help reduce psychological and ph...

  • Review
  • Open Access
27 Citations
7,083 Views
29 Pages

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the activation of proinflammatory and metabolic cellular pathways in skeletal muscle cells is an inherent characteristic. Synthetic glucocorticoid intake counteracts the majority of these mechanisms. However, glu...

  • Review
  • Open Access
20 Citations
10,941 Views
20 Pages

Resistance training is an exercise modality that involves using weights or resistance to strengthen and tone muscles. It has become popular in recent years, with numerous people including it in their fitness routines to ameliorate their strength, mus...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,261 Views
13 Pages

Physiological and Population Responses of Nilaparvata lugens after Feeding on Drought-Stressed Rice

  • Xinyan Liang,
  • Lin Chen,
  • Xiaoying Lan,
  • Guangrong Liao,
  • Ling Feng,
  • Jitong Li,
  • Wenyan Fan,
  • Shuang Wang and
  • Jinglan Liu

5 April 2022

Drought stress greatly impacts insect development and population growth. Some studies have demonstrated increased reproductive capacity in drought-stressed insects; however, physiological changes in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (St...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,116 Views
10 Pages

11 April 2024

Physiologic hand tremors are a critical factor affecting the aim of air pistol shooters. However, the extent of the effect of hand tremors on shooting performance is unclear. In this study, we aim to explore the relationship between hand tremors and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
871 Views
14 Pages

3 November 2025

Background: Blood lactate concentration and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) are widely used indicators of endurance performance, reflecting the balance between oxygen delivery and utilization during exercise. To date, no studies have examined how the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,944 Views
14 Pages

Muscle Oxygen Desaturation and Re-Saturation Capacity Limits in Repeated Sprint Ability Performance in Women Soccer Players: A New Physiological Interpretation

  • Aldo A. Vasquez-Bonilla,
  • Alba Camacho-Cardeñosa,
  • Rafael Timón,
  • Ismael Martínez-Guardado,
  • Marta Camacho-Cardeñosa and
  • Guillermo Olcina

Muscle oxygen consumption could provide information on oxidative metabolism in women soccer players. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze muscle oxygenation dynamics during repeated sprint ability (RSA): (8 sprint × 20 s recovery) by...

  • Review
  • Open Access
401 Views
32 Pages

Resistance training (RT) influences endocrine pathways that control skeletal muscle (SM) growth. This review summarizes 25 years of evidence (January 2000–December 2025) from PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect, focusing on three aspects: (1) ex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
83 Views
10 Pages

The Acute Physiological Effects of Multiple Muscle Stimulation

  • Rishabh Rege,
  • Kristin M. Mendez,
  • Riya Patel,
  • Sydnie Keane and
  • Kevin K. McCully

30 January 2026

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been shown to provide health benefits similar to those of exercise. The aim of this study was to quantify the acute physiological effects of multiple muscle stimulation on the whole body and individual...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,041 Views
23 Pages

Complex Network Model Reveals the Impact of Inspiratory Muscle Pre-Activation on Interactions among Physiological Responses and Muscle Oxygenation during Running and Passive Recovery

  • Fúlvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto,
  • Ricardo Silva Torres,
  • Anita Brum Marostegan,
  • Felipe Marroni Rasteiro,
  • Charlini Simoni Hartz,
  • Marlene Aparecida Moreno,
  • Allan Silva Pinto and
  • Claudio Alexandre Gobatto

25 June 2022

Although several studies have focused on the adaptations provided by inspiratory muscle (IM) training on physical demands, the warm-up or pre-activation (PA) of these muscles alone appears to generate positive effects on physiological responses and p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,538 Views
17 Pages

Physiological Demands and Muscle Activity of Jockeys in Trial and Race Riding

  • Kylie Legg,
  • Darryl Cochrane,
  • Erica Gee,
  • Paul Macdermid and
  • Chris Rogers

8 September 2022

Physiological parameters and muscle activity of jockeys may affect their fall and injury risk, performance, and career longevity, as well as the performance and welfare of the horses they ride. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the physiologica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
7,468 Views
9 Pages

Background: Aerial fitness is quickly gaining popularity; however, little is known regarding the physiological demands of aerial athletes. The purpose of the study was to examine contralateral muscle imbalances, compare dominant versus non-dominant h...

  • Review
  • Open Access
60 Citations
12,553 Views
28 Pages

Skeletal muscle comprises 30–40% of the total body mass and plays a central role in energy homeostasis in the body. The deregulation of energy homeostasis is a common underlying characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Over the past decades, perox...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,746 Views
24 Pages

13 September 2024

Background/Objectives: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in intercellular communication by transferring miRNAs and other macromolecules between cells. Understanding how diet and exercise modulate the release and content of skeletal muscle...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,400 Views
9 Pages

Physiological Doses of Hydroxytyrosol Modulate Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Exercised Rats

  • Rafael A. Casuso,
  • Saad Al Fazazi,
  • Julio Plaza-Díaz,
  • Francisco J. Ruiz-Ojeda,
  • Ascensión Rueda-Robles,
  • Jerónimo Aragón-Vela and
  • Jesús R. Huertas

12 December 2021

We tested whether physiological doses of hydroxytyrosol (HT) may alter the mRNA transcription of key metabolic genes in exercised skeletal muscle. Two groups of exercise-trained Wistar rats, HTlow and HTmid, were supplemented with 0.31 and 4.61 mg/kg...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,427 Views
19 Pages

Thyroid Hormone Receptor Isoforms Alpha and Beta Play Convergent Roles in Muscle Physiology and Metabolic Regulation

  • Annarita Nappi,
  • Melania Murolo,
  • Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello,
  • Serena Sagliocchi,
  • Emery Di Cicco,
  • Maddalena Raia,
  • Mariano Stornaiuolo,
  • Monica Dentice and
  • Caterina Miro

29 April 2022

Skeletal muscle is a key energy-regulating organ, skilled in rapidly boosting the rate of energy production and substrate consumption following increased workload demand. The alteration of skeletal muscle metabolism is directly associated with numero...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,116 Views
11 Pages

Determining the Influence of Habitual Dietary Protein Intake on Physiological Muscle Parameters in Youth and Older Age

  • Sophie L. Mathewson,
  • Adam L. Gordon,
  • Kenneth Smith,
  • Philip J. Atherton,
  • Carolyn A. Greig and
  • Bethan E. Phillips

12 October 2021

Protein ingestion is a potent stimulator of skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS). However, older adults demonstrate resistance to anabolic stimuli. Some evidence has demonstrated that a larger acute protein dose is required in older compared to yo...

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