3,384 Results Found

The combination of nanoemulgel and phytochemistry has resulted in several recent discoveries in the field of topical delivery systems. The present study aimed to prepare nanoemulgel based on turmeric (Curcuma longa) and neem (Azadirachta indica) agai...

CD4+ T-lymphocyte destruction, microbial translocation, and systemic immune activation are the main mechanisms of the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection. To investigate the impact of HIV infection and antiretroviral t...

The sterility of eye drop content is a primary concern from manufacturing until opening, as well as during handling by end users, while microbial contamination of the dropper tip and cap are often disregarded. The contamination of these sites during...

Importance: Although highly effective in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (RCDI), the mechanisms of action of fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) are not fully understood. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore microbially d...

Autophagy is a general protective mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in eukaryotic cells, regulating cellular metabolism, and promoting cell survival by degrading and recycling cellular components under stress conditions. The degradation pathway t...

Following influenza infection, rs2248374-G ERAP2 expressing cells may transcribe an alternative spliced isoform: ERAP2/Iso3. This variant, unlike ERAP2-wt, is unable to trim peptides to be loaded on MHC class I molecules, but it can still dimerize wi...

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites detected in many agricultural commodities and water-damaged indoor environments. Susceptibility to mucosal infectious diseases is closely associated with immune dysfunction caused by mycotoxin exposure in h...

Orthopedic infections are challenging pathologies that impose a heavy burden on patients and the healthcare system. Antimicrobial therapy is a critical component of the successful management of orthopedic infections, but its effectiveness depends on...

Ocular microbial infection has emerged as a major public health crisis during the past two decades. A variety of causative agents can cause ocular microbial infections; which are characterized by persistent and destructive inflammation of the ocular...

Background: Infections of the root canal space involve polymicrobial biofilms and lead to chronic, low grade inflammatory responses arising from the seeding of microbes and by-products. Acute exacerbation and/or disseminating infections occur when es...

The hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene as a selective marker is normally used in screening tests as a first step in detecting and quantifying genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in seeds, food, and feed materials. Nevertheless, if researchers...

Microbes have dominated life on Earth for the past two billion years, despite facing a variety of obstacles. In the 20th century, antibiotics and immunizations brought about these changes. Since then, microorganisms have acquired resistance, and vari...

Background: Molecular techniques for microbial identification have highlighted the relevance of polymicrobial infections in humans, such as those affecting the urinary tract. Although in vitro investigations have demonstrated connections between co-i...

Intermediate filaments are abundant cytoskeletal components of epithelial tissues. They have been implicated in overall stress protection. A hitherto poorly investigated area of research is the function of intermediate filaments as a barrier to micro...

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired infections worldwide, with significant clinical and economic implications. The aim of this review was to summarize the latest body of evidence on associations betw...

Background: The management of acute surgical pathology implies not only the diagnosis–treatment sequence but also an important preventive component. In the surgical hospital department, wound infection is one of the most frequent complications...

Although Toll-like receptors have been widely identified and functionally characterized in mammalian models and Drosophila, the immunological function of these receptors in other insects remains unclear. Here, we explored the relevant innate immune r...

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) variants broke out in china since 2011, causing high fever, respiratory distress, systemic neurological symptoms, and diarrhea in piglets. This study investigated the effect of intranasal PRV variant (AH02LA) infection on ile...

Microbial infection, including bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic, is a common human disease leading to various cell stresses [...]

Co-infections in critically ill patients hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have an important impact on the outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared the microbial isolations foun...

The genders of Drosophila melanogaster vary in their sensitivities to microbial pathogens. While many of the immunity-related genes are located on the X chromosome, the polymorphisms within the Y chromosome were also shown to affect the immunity of f...

The rise of multidrug-resistant organisms has significantly complicated the clinical management of urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in the context of pregnancy. This study aimed to identify and analyze the significant differences in micr...

Here, we investigated the effects of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) on immune profiles and intestinal microbial translocation among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This prospective study included 60...

There has been increasing evidence that a local inflammatory response stimulates tumor cells to acquire metastatic potential, and the concept of inflammatory oncotaxis has been spreading in recent years. However, the interaction between microbial inf...

The holobiont of the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) includes maternally inherited rickettsial endosymbionts and environmentally acquired microbes that may influence tick fitness and vector competence. While previous studies have focused on char...

We report microbiological results from a cohort of recurrent bone and joint infection to define the contributions of microbial persistence or replacement. We also investigated for any association between local antibiotic treatment and emerging antimi...

Microbial infections of crop plants present an ongoing threat to agricultural production. However, in recent years, we have developed a more nuanced understanding of the ecological role of microbes and how they interact with plants. This includes an...

Apical periodontitis is an inflammation of dental periapical tissues developed as a response to colonization of microorganisms in root canal system. Etiology of periapical pathology is associated with different species of microorganisms that are not...

Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a serious threat to coniferous forests worldwide. However, little is known about how soil microbial diversity responds to PWD and associated management practices...

Several studies have revealed that dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) are often contaminated by large numbers of various micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses). Microbial contamination in DUWLs may originate from the mains water piped into...

The objective of the present study was to identify changes in fecal microbiota and predict the functional features of healthy calves and those infected with rotavirus over time. Six Holstein calves (average body weight 43.63 ± 1.19 kg, age-mat...

The ecosystem of the human gastrointestinal tract, named gut microbiota, represents the most thoroughly mapped ecosystem. Perturbations on bacterial populations cause dysbiosis, a condition correlated to a wide range of autoimmune, neurological, meta...

Phytophthora gummosis, foot rot, and root rot are considered major challenges to the citrus industry worldwide. Little is known about the Phytophthora–microbiome interaction, despite several studies demonstrating changes in the microbial compos...

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) methodology, which has already been applied to drinking water and food safety, may also be applied to risk assessment and management at the workplace. The present study developed a preliminary QMRA model...

The composition of microbiota in the digestive tract gut is essential for insect physiology, homeostasis, and pathogen infection. Little is known about the interactions between microbiota load and oral infection with baculoviruses. CnmeGV is an oblig...

The skin is the largest organ on the surface of vertebrates, which not only acts as the first line of defense against pathogens but also harbors diverse symbiotic microorganisms. The complex interaction between skin immunity, pathogens, and commensal...

Tan sheep, a valuable indigenous breed in China, are vulnerable to coccidiosis caused by Eimeria ovinoidalis. In this case-control study, four 8-month-old Tan sheep raised under identical conditions were enrolled, including two with confirmed E. ovin...

Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, specific nucleotide metabolizing enzymes located on the surface of the host, can convert a pro-inflammatory environment driven by a danger molecule extracellular-ATP to an adenosine-mediated anti-inflammatory milieu....

Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi are extensively utilized to investigate fungal pathogenic mechanisms and to develop biological control agents. Notwithstanding, notable distinctions exist in their pathogenicity against the same host insect....

Background/Objectives: Patients with central nervous system injuries who are hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) are at high risk for nosocomial infections. Limited data are available on the incidence and patterns of microbial colonization an...

Triatoma pallidipennis, the main vector of Chagas disease in central Mexico, hosts a diverse and complex gut bacterial community shaped by environmental and physiological factors. To gain insight into these microbes’ dynamics, we characterised...

One in five cancers is attributed to infectious agents, and the extent of the impact on the initiation, progression, and disease outcomes may be underestimated. Infection-associated cancers are commonly attributed to viral, and to a lesser extent, pa...

Background: Polymicrobial infections are complex infections associated with worse outcomes compared to monomicrobial infections. We need simple, fast, and cost-effective animal models to assess their still poorly known pathogenesis. Methods: We devel...

Although cancers have been thought to be predominantly driven by acquired genetic changes, it is becoming clear that microenvironment-mediated epigenetic alterations play important roles. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation is a prevalent phenomenon i...

The human placenta is a multifunctional, disc-shaped temporary fetal organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, connecting the mother and the fetus. The availability of large-scale datasets on the gene expression of placental cell types and...

The behaviour of microbial communities depends on environmental factors and on the interactions of the community members. This is also the case for urinary tract infection (UTI) microbial communities. Here, we devise a computational approach that use...

Osteoarticular infections are major disabling diseases that can occur after orthopedic implant surgery in patients. The management of these infections is very complex and painful, requiring surgical intervention in combination with long-term antibiot...

We rationally designed a bacteriophage cocktail to treat a 56-year-old male liver transplant patient with complex, recurrent prostate and urinary tract infections caused by an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. col...

Colonization of SARS-CoV-2 with specific bacteria may either protect or increase the risk of disease severity. This study aimed to identify microbial organisms in the lower respiratory tract and their association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This was a...

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) affect up to 15% of all hospitalized patients, representing a global concern. Major causes include the persistent microbial contamination of hospital environment, and the growing antimicrobial-resistance (AMR)...