Analysis of Fecal Microbial Changes in Young Calves Following Bovine Rotavirus Infection
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Experimental Design, Animals, and Diet
2.3. Real-Time RT-PCR Detection of Bovine Rotavirus
2.4. Metagenome Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Findings of Rotavirus in Calves
3.2. Quality Evaluation and Sample Statistics
3.3. Diversity Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Healthy and Rota Groups
3.4. Taxonomic Composition of Fecal Microbiota in Healthy and Rota Groups
3.5. Predicted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Functional Pathways in the Fecal Microbiota in Healthy and Rota Groups
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Diet |
---|---|
Crude protein | 20.0% or more |
Crude fat | 10.0% or more |
Calcium | 0.7% or more |
Phosphorus | 1.5% or less |
Crude fiber | 3.0% or less |
Crude Ash | 12.0% or less |
Vitamin A | More than 25,000 IU/kg |
Measurements | Group | SEM | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy | Rota | |||
Day − 3 | ||||
Chao1 estimate | 160 | 79.0 | 28.5 | 0.247 |
Evenness | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 0.800 |
Shannon’s index | 4.42 | 3.76 | 0.25 | 0.147 |
Simpson’s index | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.03 | 0.713 |
Day + 1 | ||||
Chao1 estimate | 136 | 87.0 | 24.2 | 0.234 |
Evenness | 0.63 | 0.48 | 0.04 | 0.074 |
Shannon’s index | 4.43 | 3.03 | 0.35 | 0.055 |
Simpson’s index | 0.92 | 0.77 | 0.04 | 0.139 |
Day + 7 | ||||
Chao1 estimate | 105 | 99.3 | 47.7 | 0.937 |
Evenness | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.03 | 0.447 |
Shannon’s index | 3.56 | 3.68 | 0.62 | 0.895 |
Simpson’s index | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.04 | 0.795 |
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Kim, S.-H.; Choi, Y.; Miguel, M.A.; Lee, S.-J.; Lee, S.-S.; Lee, S.-S. Analysis of Fecal Microbial Changes in Young Calves Following Bovine Rotavirus Infection. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 496. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080496
Kim S-H, Choi Y, Miguel MA, Lee S-J, Lee S-S, Lee S-S. Analysis of Fecal Microbial Changes in Young Calves Following Bovine Rotavirus Infection. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(8):496. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080496
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Seon-Ho, Youyoung Choi, Michelle A. Miguel, Shin-Ja Lee, Sung-Sill Lee, and Sang-Suk Lee. 2023. "Analysis of Fecal Microbial Changes in Young Calves Following Bovine Rotavirus Infection" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 8: 496. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080496