Effects of Intranasal Pseudorabies Virus AH02LA Infection on Microbial Community and Immune Status in the Ileum and Colon of Piglets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experiment Design and Sample Collection
2.2. Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) DNA Detection in the Ileal and Colonic Mucosa
2.3. Gene Expression Analysis in Ileal and Colonic Mucosa
2.4. sIgA Concentration Analyses in the Ileal and Colonic Digesta
2.5. DNA Extraction, MiSeq Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analyses
2.6. SCFA and Lactate Concentrations Analysis in the Ileum and Colon
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) DNA Detection in the Ileal and Colonic Mucosa
3.2. Gene Expression in Ileal and Colonic Mucosa
3.3. sIgA Concentration in the Ileum and Colon
3.4. Bacterial Community in the Ileal and Colonic Digesta
3.5. Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) and Lactate Concentrations in Ileal and Colonic Digesta
3.6. Correlation Analysis of Immune Markers, Bacteria, and Microbial Fermentation Products in the Ileum and Colon and Body Temperature
4. Discussion
4.1. Intranasal Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) AH02LA Infection Influences Some Immune Markers in the Ileum and Colon
4.2. Intranasal Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) AH02LA Infection Alters the Microbiota and Their Metabolites in the Ileum and Colon
4.3. Bacterial Composition Change Are Associated with Altered Immune Markers and Body Temperature
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhang, C.; Liu, Y.; Chen, S.; Qiao, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Xu, M.; Wang, Z.; Hou, J.; Wang, J.; Fan, H. Effects of Intranasal Pseudorabies Virus AH02LA Infection on Microbial Community and Immune Status in the Ileum and Colon of Piglets. Viruses 2019, 11, 518. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11060518
Zhang C, Liu Y, Chen S, Qiao Y, Zheng Y, Xu M, Wang Z, Hou J, Wang J, Fan H. Effects of Intranasal Pseudorabies Virus AH02LA Infection on Microbial Community and Immune Status in the Ileum and Colon of Piglets. Viruses. 2019; 11(6):518. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11060518
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Chuanjian, Yamei Liu, Saisai Chen, Yongfeng Qiao, Yating Zheng, Mengwei Xu, Zhisheng Wang, Jibo Hou, Jichun Wang, and Hongjie Fan. 2019. "Effects of Intranasal Pseudorabies Virus AH02LA Infection on Microbial Community and Immune Status in the Ileum and Colon of Piglets" Viruses 11, no. 6: 518. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11060518