Objective: This study investigates the correlation between patient body metrics and radiation dose in abdominopelvic CT scans, aiming to identify significant predictors of radiation exposure. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional analysis of patient d...
Polystyrene (PS) micro- and nanoplastics show heterogeneous in vitro cytotoxicity across particle characteristics and exposure conditions. We examined whether geometry-derived administered-dose metrics improve out-of-study prediction of in vitro cyto...
14 April 2014
In order to calculate the dose for nanoparticles (NP), (i) relevant information about the dose metrics and (ii) a proper dose concept are crucial. Since the appropriate metrics for NP toxicity are yet to be elaborated, a general dose calculation mode...
(1) Purpose: Challenges remain in dose accumulation for cervical cancer radiotherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BT) as there are many large and complex organ deformations between different treatments. This stud...
The total body weight-based dosing strategy currently used in the prophylactic treatment of hemophilia A may not be appropriate for all populations. The assumptions that guide weight-based dosing are not valid in overweight and obese populations, res...
Background/Objectives: Operator experience, the implementation of low frame rates during both fluoroscopy and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and the use of modern angiographic systems are essential for maintaining diagnostic image quality whi...
(1) Background: this article investigates which PK metrics in a single-dose study (concentration at the end of posology interval, Cτ, partial areas under the curve, pAUCs, or half-value duration, HVD) are more sensitive and less variable for pred...
This study aimed to determine the relationship between geometric and dosimetric agreement metrics in head and neck (H&N) cancer radiotherapy plans. A total 287 plans were retrospectively analyzed, comparing auto-contoured and clinically used cont...
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of CT acquisition parameter setting on organ dose and its influence on image quality metrics in pediatric phantom during CT examination. The study was performed on 64-slice multidetector CT scanner (...
High-throughput screening of drug response in cultured cell lines is essential for studying therapeutic mechanisms and identifying molecular variants associated with sensitivity to drugs. Assessment of drug response is typically performed by construc...
Pakistan has a large, intensive broiler production industry, where antimicrobials are extensively used for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Monitoring antimicrobial use (AMU) at the farm level is crucial to guide interventions for antimicr...
Background: We assessed the frequency and causes of discrepancies in CT dose indices such as dose-length product (DLP), size-specific dose estimate (SSDE), and effective dose (ED), as calculated by CT dose-monitoring systems. Our secondary aim was to...
The dose metrics and factors influencing radiation exposure for patients undergoing head, chest, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans were investigated for optimization of patient dose levels. The local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) of a...
The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative image quality metrics of the low-dose 2D/3D EOS slot scanner X-ray imaging system (LDSS) compared with conventional digital radiography (DR) X-ray imaging systems. The effective detective quantu...
29 May 2019
Background: We considered a problem of inference in epidemiology when cumulative exposure is the true dose metric for disease, but investigators are only able to measure its duration on each subject. Methods: We undertook theoretical analysis of the...
Whole-body vibration (WBV) remains a critical factor influencing ride comfort, driver performance and occupational health in vehicle applications. Despite the widespread use of standardized indicators, assessing WBV exposure and its perceptual implic...
Background: Exercise interventions are commonly considered as non-pharmacological approaches to support cognitive and functional outcomes in older adults with dementia. However, the effects reported in the literature remain heterogeneous, and commonl...
Recent comparison of an ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy (UF-RT) boost to a conventionally fractionated (CF-RT) option showed similar toxicity and disease control outcomes. An analysis of the treatment plans for these patients is needed for evalua...
Background: Computed tomography (CT) contributes significantly to the collective dose from medical sources, raising concerns about potential health risks. However, existing radiation dose estimation tools, such as volume computed tomography dose inde...
17 November 2010
The objective of this study was to evaluate inter-individual variability in absorbed and internal doses after multi-route exposure to drinking water contaminants (DWC) in addition to the corresponding variability in equivalent volumes of ingested wat...
Purpose: To develop a workflow for systemically reviewing the doses received by organs at risk (OARs) in a BgRT treatment session, as a means of monitoring delivery constancy and possibly identifying changes of clinical concern in the patient. Method...
3 April 2022
In this study, we present an estimation for the inhaled deposited dose rate in adult males and females during common exposure scenarios to urban background aerosols in an Eastern Mediterranean city (Amman, Jordan) based on a one-year database of meas...
The dosimetric impact of intrafraction prostate motion and interfraction anatomical changes and the effect of beam gating and motion correction were investigated in dose-escalated linac-based SBRT. Fifty-six gated fractions were delivered using a nov...
To quantitatively assess target and organs-at-risk (OAR) dose rate based on three proposed proton PBS dose rate metrics and study FLASH intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) treatment planning using transmission beams. An in-house FLASH planning...
Bragg peak FLASH-RT can deliver highly conformal treatment and potentially offer improved normal tissue protection for radiotherapy patients. This study focused on developing ultra-high dose rate (≥40 Gy × RBE/s) intensity-modulated proton t...
Background: The increasing use of computed tomography (CT) has led to a substantial rise in population exposure to ionizing radiation, highlighting the need for accurate and individualized dose assessment methods. This study aimed to evaluate a novel...
Bragg peak FLASH radiotherapy (RT) uses a distal tracking method to eliminate exit doses and can achieve superior OAR sparing. This study explores the application of this novel method in stereotactic body radiotherapy prostate FLASH-RT. An in-house p...
Background/Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) of the head is vital in diagnosing neurological conditions but poses concerns regarding radiation exposure. Traditional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are based on anatomical regions, potentially ov...
Automated planning (AP) uses common protocols for all patients within a cancer site. This work investigated using machine learning to personalise AP protocols for fully individualised planning. A ‘Pareto guided automated planning’ (PGAP) solution was...
Background/Objectives: High-resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) is a critical diagnostic tool, but radiation dose optimization remains a significant concern. Traditional dose metrics such as the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length...
Background: Ultra-low-dose (ULD) chest CT can reduce radiation exposure but may compromise image quality. We evaluated image-domain generative adversarial network (GAN)-based denoising at low-dose (LD) and ULD levels, focusing on ULD-AiR versus LD-AD...
Acetaminophen is a commonly used perioperative analgesic drug in children. The use of a preoperative loading dose achieves a target concentration of 10 mg/L associated with a target analgesic effect that is 2.6 pain units (visual analogue scale 1&nda...
Objective: This study proposes a novel deep learning approach for enhancing low-dose bone scintigraphy images using an Enhanced Convolutional Autoencoder (ECAE), aiming to reduce patient radiation exposure while preserving diagnostic quality, as asse...
Purpose: Tile-based radiation therapy (TBRT) delivers adjuvant radiation to brain tumor beds using evenly spaced cesium-131 (Cs-131) sources in collagen tiles. This study evaluated TBRT as spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) across tumor...
Background/Objectives: Standard protocols for euglycemic clamp studies involving long-acting insulin formulations typically recommend a dosage range of 0.4~0.6 U/kg for a single dose. This investigation aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence of an insu...
In this study, the prediction of four radiological risk parameters of thermal waters in Türkiye (dose contribution (DE) from radon release in thermal water to air for workers and visitors, the annual effective dose from radon ingestion (Ding) an...
Background: Tacrolimus dose optimization remains challenging due to its narrow therapeutic range and multiple influencing variables. This systematic review aimed to identify effective analytical modeling techniques for optimal tacrolimus dose predict...
Background/Objectives: Ultra-low-dose computed tomography (ULD-CT) enables substantial radiation reduction compared with routine low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT), but its quantitative reliability across lung imaging biomarkers remains insufficien...
Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (ORNJ) remains a formidable late complication of head and neck radiotherapy (RT), despite advances in intensity-modulated RT, proton therapy, and contemporary dose-optimization paradigms. Prevailing dosimetric methodolo...
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure in public transport microenvironments has important implications for commuter health, yet concentration-based assessments may not adequately reflect the dose actually inhaled by passengers. This study quantifi...
AI-enabled simulation platforms are increasingly used for talent development, offering scalable, low-risk practice and algorithmic feedback for interpersonal HR capabilities such as difficult conversations, negotiation, and consultation. Yet HRD eval...
Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer delivers high doses in few fractions but poses challenges in sparing adjacent organs at risk (OARs), particularly the intra-prostate urethra, bladder, rectum and penile bulb. Magne...
Background/Objectives: The increasing use of computed tomography (CT) scans significantly contributes to population exposure to ionizing radiation. Traditional dose metrics, such as dose–length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED), lack precis...
Purpose: While transmission proton beams have been demonstrated to achieve ultra-high dose rate FLASH therapy delivery, they are unable to spare normal tissues distal to the target. This study aims to compare FLASH treatment planning using single ene...
Routine CT examinations are crucial in colorectal cancer patients (CCPs); however, the high frequency of radiation exposure is a significant concern. This study investigated the radiation dose, image quality, and diagnostic performance of tin filter-...
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is a non-invasive molecular imaging technique for indirectly measuring low-concentration endogenous metabolites. Conventional CEST has low specificity, owing to the effects of spillover, magnetizat...
Background: Yttrium-90 (90Y) radioembolization is increasingly being utilized with curative intent. While single-compartment doses with respect to the perfused volume for the complete pathologic necrosis (CPN) of tumors have been reported, the actual...
Background/Objectives: GK plan quality is strongly affected by lesion size and shape, and the same evaluation metrics may not be directly comparable across patients with different anatomies. This study proposes a deep learning-based method to predict...
Objectives: The sample sizes of phase I trials are typically small; some designs may lead to inaccurate estimation of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The objective of this study was to propose a metric assessing whether the MTD decision is sensitiv...
Probiotic efficacy may depend on reliable intestinal exposure, yet clinical evidence linking delivery engineering to measurable microbiome responses in humans remains limited. We compared two active doses of microencapsulated Lacticaseibacillus rhamn...
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