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Diagnostics
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Diagnostic Radiology in Head and Neck Diseases
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Diagnostic Radiology in Head and Neck Diseases

A Special Issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418) belonging to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 3805

Editor

Dr. Daniel Ginat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Interests: neuroradiology; quantitative imaging; artificial intelligence; radiomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) play important roles in the assessments of various head and neck diseases, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic. This Special Issue aims at providing a sample of latest advances in the field. Contributions may be, therefore, related, but not necessarily limited, to novel applications of established techniques used in other parts of the body, new MRI sequences, dual-energy CT, and imaging the results of cutting-edge treatment as well as unusual conditions. Brief reports, review articles, and original research are all welcome.

Dr. Daniel Thomas Ginat
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • head 
  • neck 
  • imaging 
  • radiology 
  • magnetic resonance imaging 
  • computed tomography

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2452 KB  
Article
Side-Specific Concordance Between Nasal Endoscopy and Computed Tomography Severity in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis
by Anna Kasprzyk, Ewa Franczak-Józefkiewicz, Grażyna Mielnik-Niedzielska and Artur Niedzielski
Diagnostics 2026, 16(15), 2326; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16152326 - 24 Jul 2026
Viewed by 475
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis (EPOS) diagnoses chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) from symptoms with nasal endoscopy and/or computed tomography (CT), but how closely a graded endoscopic score reflects CT severity in children—and whether it does so side-specifically—is poorly defined. We quantified [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis (EPOS) diagnoses chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) from symptoms with nasal endoscopy and/or computed tomography (CT), but how closely a graded endoscopic score reflects CT severity in children—and whether it does so side-specifically—is poorly defined. We quantified this concordance to confirm when CT might be deferred. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 73 children (33 girls, 40 boys; aged 5–17 years) treated surgically for CRS after failed medical therapy. CT was scored with the Lund–Mackay scale (LMS); a modified score (MLMS) accounting for sinus underdevelopment was also computed. Nasal endoscopy, performed by the same examiner the day before surgery, was scored separately for each side with the Lund–Kennedy system (discharge, edema and polyps, each 0–2; side score 0–6; total 0–12). Concordance was assessed with Spearman correlations (cluster bootstrap for side-level data), Cohen’s kappa and sensitivity/specificity and Bland–Altman analysis after normalization to percentage of maximum. Results: Endoscopy correlated strongly with CT severity at the patient level (endoscopy total vs. LMS ρ = 0.76, p < 0.0001) and side-specifically (146 sides; ρ = 0.63, p < 0.0001); mucosal edema was the strongest individual sign. Bland–Altman analysis showed a systematic bias (endoscopy −10.6% relative to CT) and wide 95% limits of agreement (−32.6% to +11.4%), indicating that endoscopy ranks disease severity well but is not quantitatively interchangeable with CT at the individual level. Dichotomized side-specific agreement was more modest and improved as the CT threshold for a diseased side was raised (κ 0.21–0.50). Symptom burden correlated moderately with CT severity (ρ = 0.41). Children with polyps had higher LMS than those without (p = 0.007). Adenoid size, asthma and allergy were unrelated to CT severity. Only the agger nasi cell correlated with ipsilateral frontal disease (adjusted p = 0.017). Conclusions: A graded nasal endoscopic score is a strong ordinal correlate of CT severity in pediatric CRS, but Bland–Altman analysis shows it cannot quantitatively substitute for CT at the individual level. Endoscopy is therefore best used as a non-ionizing surrogate to grade severity, monitor disease and select which children need CT, while CT remains necessary for surgical planning. Because the cohort comprised children with advanced CRS, generalizability to milder disease requires confirmation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Radiology in Head and Neck Diseases)
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10 pages, 403 KB  
Article
Precision in Practice: Clinical Indication-Specific DRLs for Head CT for Advanced Personalised Dose Benchmarking
by Nora Almuqbil, Zuhal Y. Hamd, Wiam Elshami and Mohamed Abuzaid
Diagnostics 2025, 15(15), 1849; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151849 - 23 Jul 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1778
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) of the head is vital in diagnosing neurological conditions but poses concerns regarding radiation exposure. Traditional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are based on anatomical regions, potentially overlooking variations in radiation requirements driven by clinical indication. This study aimed to [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) of the head is vital in diagnosing neurological conditions but poses concerns regarding radiation exposure. Traditional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are based on anatomical regions, potentially overlooking variations in radiation requirements driven by clinical indication. This study aimed to establish clinical indication-specific DRLs (DRLCIs) for adult head CT to support precision benchmarking and optimise patient safety. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from 378 adult patients undergoing non-contrast CT head scans between September 2022 and February 2024. Data on patient demographics, protocols, and radiation dose metrics (Computed Tomography Dose Index Volume and Dose–Length Product) were extracted using DoseWatch™ software. Protocol parameters were standardised across clinical indications such as trauma, stroke, headache, seizure, and infection. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed. Descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and percentile distributions, were calculated. Correlation analyses were conducted using Pearson’s correlation coefficient to examine relationships between dose metrics and patient variables such as age and body mass index. Results: Mean CTDIvol values ranged from 50.58 mGy (trauma) to 52.90 mGy (infection), while DLP values ranged from 1052.52 to 1219.98 mGy·cm. Percentile distributions were narrow, indicating effective protocol standardisation. The strongest correlation was observed between CTDIvol and DLP (r = 0.89), while age and body mass index showed negligible influence on dose metrics. Comparative analysis showed alignment with international benchmarks from the UK, Qatar, Bahrain, and Nigeria. Conclusions: This study establishes DRLCIs for adult head CT, demonstrating consistent radiation dose delivery across indications with minimal variability. Clinical indication-based benchmarking enhances dose optimisation and aligns with global radiological protection frameworks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Radiology in Head and Neck Diseases)
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Other

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5 pages, 2641 KB  
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Shear Wave MR Elastography of the Orbit: Preliminary Findings
by Ayden L. Olsen and Daniel T. Ginat
Diagnostics 2025, 15(18), 2342; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15182342 - 16 Sep 2025
Viewed by 827
Abstract
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can provide insight into the biomechanical properties of tissues. Yet, there is a lack of widespread utilization of MRE for evaluation of the head and neck region, particularly the orbit. This article describes the preliminary MRE findings for imaging [...] Read more.
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can provide insight into the biomechanical properties of tissues. Yet, there is a lack of widespread utilization of MRE for evaluation of the head and neck region, particularly the orbit. This article describes the preliminary MRE findings for imaging of the orbit in healthy human subjects and evaluates its feasibility and technical considerations. Two healthy volunteers were recruited for participation. A standard liver driver was positioned over the forehead of the volunteer, after which a 3T scanner was used to obtain MRE images of the orbit at 8 and 20 kPa. Resulting image quality and strain patterns were assessed. Basic viscoelastic information was visualized on orbit elastograms obtained at both 8 and 20 kPa, with both image sets displaying increased strain in the posterior globes. Image quality appeared better at 8 kPa than at 20 kPa. While the development of specialized devices and techniques requires further investigation to optimize image quality, MRE is feasible for effectively visualizing viscoelastic properties of intra- and periorbital tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Radiology in Head and Neck Diseases)
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