Center-location of a laser spot is a problem of interest when the laser is used for processing and performing measurements. Measurement quality depends on correctly determining the location of the laser spot. Hence, improving and proposing algorithms...
This study explores the application of JAYA optimization algorithms to significantly enhance the performance of indoor optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. By strategically optimizing photo-signal parameters, the system was able to improve s...
A spot periodic heating method is a highly accurate, non-contact method for the evaluation of anisotropy and relative thermophysical property distribution. However, accurately evaluating thermal diffusivity is difficult due to the influence of temper...
Market power remains a persistent challenge in liberalized electricity spot markets, where generators can manipulate bids to distort prices and extract rents. Traditional monitoring approaches—such as structural indices or simulation-based mode...
An infrared thermographic technique was developed for identifying the thermal diffusivity from temperature variation data of the specimen surface. Laser-spot heating is applied to the specimen surface for a certain period, and then, temperature varia...
Resistance spot welding of aluminum alloys causes the electrode materials to degrade rapidly. This is due to diffusion processes occurring between the sheet materials and the copper electrodes at process temperatures of up to 600 °C. This signifi...
The distribution of diffuse spot energy can be used to sensitively evaluate the aberrations and defects of optical systems. Therefore, the objective and quantitative measurement of diffuse spot parameters is an important means to control the detectio...
The spot freight rate processes considered in the literature for pricing forward freight agreements (FFA) and freight options usually have a particular dynamics in order to obtain the prices. In those cases, the FFA prices are explicitly obtained. Ho...
Freight derivative prices have been modeled assuming that the spot freight follows a particular stochastic process in order to manage them, like freight futures, forwards and options. However, an explicit formula for pricing freight options is not kn...
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites exhibit higher strength in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction of the fibers, making fiber orientation evaluation crucial. In this study, a method for evaluating fiber orientat...
Purpose: The demonstration of a rare case of bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) due to a lung carcinoma with unusual dermal lesions. Case description: A 76-year-old man with painless bilateral vision loss revealed leopard or gi...
The skin is the largest organ in the human body and is colonized by a diverse microbiota that works in harmony to protect the skin. However, when skin damage occurs, the skin microbiota is also disrupted, and pathogens can invade the wound and cause...
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been increasingly utilized in the emergent evaluation of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. DWI enhances sensitivity and specificity and enables the use of delayed reperfusion treatments in selected cases. Howe...
In view of the rapid spread of African swine fever in Mainland China from 2018 to 2019, we used spatiotemporal statistical analysis methods to study the spatiotemporal transmission features of African swine fever. The results reveal that the hot spot...
The optical system is one of the core components for star sensors, whose imaging quality directly influences the performance of star sensors for star detection, thereby determining the attitude control accuracy of spacecrafts. Here, we report a new t...
Laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with ASTM C664-10(2020) to measure diffusion parameters in an asphalt mixture. These diffusion parameters are effective measures for use in asphalt mixtures. However, the tests could not provide detaile...
In this paper, we discuss the pattern dynamics of an SI epidemic model caused by spatial dependency, which is represented by self- and cross-diffusion terms. Cross-diffusion of the susceptible represents a tendency of the susceptible to stay away fro...
Indirect fear effects profoundly influence predator–prey dynamics by reducing prey reproduction. Whereas previous studies have investigated fear effects or self-diffusion separately in Leslie–Gower models, the novelty of this work lies in...
The high-precision characterization of the intra-pixel sensitivity (IPS) for infrared focal plane array (FPA) photodetector is of great significance to high-precision photometry and astrometry in astronomy, as well as target tracking in under-sampled...
Phase front modulation was previously used to refocus light after transmission through scattering media. This process has been adapted here to work in reflection. A liquid crystal spatial light modulator is used to conjugate the phase scattering prop...
A hot spot refers to numerous crime incidents clustered in a limited space-time range. The near-repeat phenomenon suggests that every victimization might form a contagion-like pattern nearby in terms of both space and time. In this article, the near-...
Since UV radiation is capable of causing skin erythema, there is a risk of damage during in vivo UV spectroscopy of skin. In particular, the conventional estimation of radiation dose indicates the impossibility of conducting such studies when using f...
It was found that the ultrasonic spot welding may serve as an efficient method to join relative large thin-walled parts made of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. In this study, a new control method for the ultrasonic spot-welding process was investiga...
TiO2 is a high-reflectance material for preparing sheets during dry reagent chemical tests in detail. In this study, bifunctional TiO2 sheets with diffusive and reflective properties were prepared using TiO2 microspheres (particle size 2–3 &mic...
Ti-Al diffusion couples, prepared by resistance spot welding, were annealed up to 112 h at 823, 848, and 873 K in ambient atmosphere. The interfacial microstructure was observed and analyzed using SEM and TEM. The growth characterization of intermeta...
Electrodialysis (ED) has been demonstrated as an effective membrane method for desalination, concentration, and separation. Electroconvection (EC) is a phenomenon which can essentially increase the mass transfer rate and reduce the undesirable water...
In this paper a novel laser impact spot welding (LISW) method is described, in which a hump was formed on the flyer plate on the intended welding spot location by local pre-forming. When the flyer and base plates were placed together to perform weldi...
This study proposes a new micro-scale damage assessment method of laminated carbon fiber-reinforced plastics based on the thermal diffusivity measurement. This measurement was conducted by the laser-spot-periodic-heating method using lock-in thermogr...
We consider the paradigmatic Brusselator model for the study of dissipative structures in far from equilibrium systems. In two dimensions, we show the occurrence of a self-replication phenomenon leading to the fragmentation of a single localized spot...
Position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) are of great significance to optical communication, automatic alignment, and dislocation detection domains, by precisely obtaining the position information of infrared light spots which are invisible to human eyes....
Temperature is a key factor affecting the insulation performance and operation safety of cable joints. Accurate acquisition of hot spot temperatures of cable joints is a difficult issue in cable operation and maintenance. Three-core cables may have u...
We present a mineral chemical stratigraphy across the UG2 Unit, situated in the Upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex. The magmatic evolution of the rocks hosting this world-class ore deposit for chromium and platinum group elements (PGEs) is s...
Contrast experiments of lap joints among dissimilar AZ31B Mg alloy, Mg99.50, zinc-coated DP600 sheet, and non-zinc-coated DP600 sheet were made by friction stir keyholeless spot welding (FSKSW) and vacuum diffusion welding (VDW), respectively. Scanni...
Sensors that remotely track the displacement of a moving object have a wide range of applications from robotic control to motion capture. In this paper, we introduce a simple, small silicon integrated circuit sensor that tracks the angular displaceme...
Laser thermal annealing (LTA) has played an important role in the fabrication of scaled semiconductor devices by reducing the heat budget of the dopant activation process. During the laser annealing of entire wafer areas, the beam scanning pattern an...
This work presents a non-destructive methodology to estimate the residual porosity and mechanical properties of titanium foams produced via Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) followed by solid-state foaming (SSF). Pulsed laser-spot thermography was employe...
The paper is dedicated to modeling electricity spot prices and pricing forward contracts on energy markets. The underlying dynamics of electricity spot prices is governed by a stochastic mean reverting diffusion with jumps having mixed-exponential di...
Operating in energy and commodity markets require a management of risk using derivative products such as forward and futures, as well as options on these. Many of the popular stochastic models for spot dynamics and weather variables developed from em...
We propose the tracing of the motion of a shearing hot spot near the Sgr A* source through a dynamical image reconstruction algorithm, StarWarps. Such a hot spot may form as the exhaust of magnetic reconnection in a current sheet near the black hole...
The chemical imaging sensor is capable of visualizing the ion distribution. The spatial resolution of the chemical image depends on the horizontal diffusion of photocarriers generated by illumination. In this study; a novel optics is designed to real...
Diffusion has long been known to induce pattern formation in predator prey systems. For certain prey-predator interaction systems, self diffusion conditions ceases to induce patterns, i.e., a non-constant positive solution does not exist, as seen fro...
Diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT) was applied to evaluate spatial heterogeneities in polyacrylamide gel networks. Diffraction spots from the (111) planes of gold nanocrystals (GNPs) encapsulated in the gels exhibited temporal motion during time-resolve...
To enhance the mechanical strength of an ultrasonic spot-welded Al/Al joint, an Al 2219 particle interlayer was placed between the two Al sheets during the ultrasonic spot welding process. The effects of the interlayer thickness on the microstructure...
A high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) scanning approach is needed to obtain multiple treatment spots for the ablation of large volume tumors, but it will bring some problems such as longer treatment times, the inhomogeneity of temperature and th...
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is a specialized form of peripheral lymphoid tissue (LT), which is found on mucosal surfaces exposed to the environment. However, morphological data of these tissues in farm animals are scarce. This study inve...
With the acceleration of urbanization, the diffusion mechanism of urban non-point source (NPS) pollution caused by extreme rainfall is not clear, which leads to high cost and difficulty in water environment treatment. In view of the shortcomings of d...
This study presents results on developing new copper alloys for electrode caps used in resistance spot welding (RSW) of galvanized steel sheets. Two copper alloys—CuCr0.7Zr0.05 and CuCr0.3Ni0.1Zr0.05—were modified with scandium (Sc) addit...
In this paper, a low cost optical flow sensor is combined with an external laser device to measure surface displacements and mechanical oscillations. The measurement system is based on applying coherent light to a diffuser surface and using an optica...
To investigate the influences of void defects of different sizes, molecular dynamics combined with ReaxFF-lg reactive force field was used to study the hot-spot formation mechanism and thermal decomposition behavior of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine...
Nonlinear coupled reaction–diffusion (NCRD) systems have played a crucial role in the emergence of spatiotemporal patterns across various scientific and engineering domains. The NCRD systems considered in this study encompass various models, su...
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