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3,750 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,946 Views
23 Pages

A Method for Complex Question-Answering over Knowledge Graph

  • Lei Yang,
  • Haonan Guo,
  • Yu Dai and
  • Wanheng Chen

18 April 2023

Knowledge Graph Question-Answering (KGQA) has gained popularity as an effective approach for information retrieval systems. However, answering complex questions involving multiple topic entities and multi-hop relations presents a significant challeng...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
8,314 Views
16 Pages

Advancements in Complex Knowledge Graph Question Answering: A Survey

  • Yiqing Song,
  • Wenfa Li,
  • Guiren Dai and
  • Xinna Shang

24 October 2023

Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Graph (C-KGQA) seeks to solve complex questions using knowledge graphs. Currently, KGQA systems achieve great success in answering simple questions, while complex questions still present challenging issues. A...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,562 Views
20 Pages

Complex Question Decomposition Based on Causal Reinforcement Learning

  • Dezhi Li,
  • Yunjun Lu,
  • Jianping Wu,
  • Wenlu Zhou and
  • Guangjun Zeng

29 June 2025

Complex question decomposition is an important research topic in the field of natural language processing (NLP). It refers to the decomposition of a compound question containing multiple ontologies and classes into a simple question containing only a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,071 Views
19 Pages

10 December 2022

In the process of bridge management, large amounts of domain information are accumulated, such as basic attributes, structural defects, technical conditions, etc. However, the valuable information is not fully utilized, resulting in insufficient know...

  • Article
  • Open Access
709 Views
14 Pages

Tables, as a form of structured or semi-structured data, are widely found in documents, reports, and data manuals. Table-based question answering (TableQA) plays a key role in table document analysis and understanding. Existing approaches to TableQA...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
8,642 Views
18 Pages

27 November 2024

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) addresses the problem of knowledge cutoff and overcomes the inherent limitations of pre-trained language models by retrieving relevant information in real time. However, challenges related to efficiency and accura...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,223 Views
16 Pages

7 October 2022

Knowledge graph-based question answering is an intelligent approach to deducing the answer to a natural language question from structured knowledge graph information. As one of the mainstream knowledge graph-based question answering approaches, infor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,553 Views
12 Pages

On the Question of the Complex Processing of Pyrite Cinders

  • Bagdaulet Kenzhaliyev,
  • Tatiana Surkova,
  • Dinara Yessimova,
  • Yerkezhan Abikak,
  • Ainur Mukhanova and
  • Dametken Fischer

A complex processing variant for pyrite cinders, i.e., the technogenic waste generated in the production of sulfuric acid, was proposed. This method provided preliminary chemical activation of the initial raw materials that comprised thermal treatmen...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,502 Views
40 Pages

16 October 2021

Digitalization increasingly enforces organizations to accommodate changes and gain resilience. Emerging technologies, changing organizational structures and dynamic work environments bring opportunities and pose new challenges to organizations. Such...

  • Review
  • Open Access
47 Citations
12,467 Views
32 Pages

The Mechanism of Action of Biguanides: New Answers to a Complex Question

  • Laura Di Magno,
  • Fiorella Di Pastena,
  • Rosa Bordone,
  • Sonia Coni and
  • Gianluca Canettieri

30 June 2022

Biguanides are a family of antidiabetic drugs with documented anticancer properties in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite intensive investigation, how they exert their therapeutic effects is still debated. Many studies support the hypothesis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,441 Views
35 Pages

5 February 2025

Evaluating user experience (UX) is essential for optimizing educational chatbots to enhance learning outcomes and student productivity. This study introduces a novel weighted composite metric integrating interface usability assessment (via the Chatbo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,882 Views
19 Pages

To Be, or Not to Be: That Is the Hamletic Question of Cryptic Evolution in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Raja miraletus Species Complex

  • Alice Ferrari,
  • Valentina Crobe,
  • Rita Cannas,
  • Rob W. Leslie,
  • Fabrizio Serena,
  • Marco Stagioni,
  • Filipe O. Costa,
  • Daniel Golani,
  • Farid Hemida and
  • Diana Zaera-Perez
  • + 5 authors

28 June 2023

Despite a high species diversity, skates (Rajiformes) exhibit remarkably conservative morphology and ecology. Limited trait variations occur within and between species, and cryptic species have been reported among sister and non-sister taxa, suggesti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,261 Views
15 Pages

14 March 2019

Traditional consumer education (CE), aimed at providing information and guidance to young people, has become insufficient to take on the challenges posed by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 12. Knowledge of youth’s hab...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
893 Views
28 Pages

BERNN: A Transformer-BiLSTM Hybrid Model for Cross-Domain Short Text Classification in Agricultural Expert Systems

  • Xueyong Li,
  • Menghao Zhang,
  • Xiaojuan Guo,
  • Jiaxin Zhang,
  • Jiaxia Sun,
  • Xianqin Yun,
  • Liyuan Zheng,
  • Wenyue Zhao,
  • Lican Li and
  • Haohao Zhang

22 August 2025

With the advancement of artificial intelligence, Agricultural Expert Systems (AESs) show great potential in enhancing agricultural management efficiency and resource utilization. Accurate extraction of semantic features from agricultural short texts...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,198 Views
13 Pages

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians provide patient care within a high-stakes, unpredictable, and complex work environment in which conflict is inevitable. Our objective was to explore the extent to which added stressors of the pandemic exace...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,303 Views
29 Pages

23 September 2025

Context: Modern software systems have become increasingly complex, making it difficult to interpret raw requirements and effectively utilize traditional tools for software design and analysis. Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams are widely...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,601 Views
17 Pages

27 December 2021

Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) was one of the most devastating diseases of the pig industry, among various strategies, vaccination was one of the most useful tools for PRRS control. Attenuated l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,514 Views
21 Pages

Toward Questionnaire Complexity Reduction by Decreasing the Questions

  • Miguel A. Molina-Cabello,
  • José Serrano-Angulo,
  • Jesús Benito-Picazo and
  • Karl Thurnhofer-Hemsi

16 January 2025

Data analysis can unearth important insights like patterns, trends, and deductions. In education, it can be utilized to tailor teaching methods to suit student traits or devise new activities to foster different skills or reinforce existing ones, for...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
2,323 Views
15 Pages

High-Complexity Questions and Their Answers for Everyday Heart Failure

  • Amelia Campos-Saénz de Santamaría,
  • Javier Pérez-Santana,
  • François Croset,
  • Laura Karla Esterellas-Sánchez,
  • Victoria Lobo-Antuña,
  • Miriam Ripoll-Martínez,
  • Sofia Russo-Botero,
  • Henar Gómez-Sacristán,
  • José Pérez-Silvestre and
  • José María Fernández-Rodriguez
  • + 3 authors

5 June 2025

As part of the “2nd Training Conference on Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation for Residents”, held in Madrid in November 2024, a collaborative initiative was launched to address the most common practical challenges in the management of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
586 Views
17 Pages
J. Eye Mov. Res.2015, 8(3), 1-17;https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.8.3.2 
(registering DOI)

6 October 2015

Graphs are commonly believed to facilitate users’ comprehension. We explored the effect of graphs on comprehension compared to text, manipulating content complexity (single bar vs. double bar graphs) and question type (point-locating vs. comparison q...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,395 Views
21 Pages

10 March 2025

The multi-granularity temporal knowledge graph question-answering model consists of two core tasks: question information extraction and knowledge graph embedding representation. Existing studies typically compute the relevance score between the quest...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,556 Views
12 Pages

25 November 2022

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) aims to provide answers to natural language questions from information in the knowledge base. Although many methods perform well when dealing with simple questions, there are still two challenges for complex q...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,186 Views
19 Pages

Question Classification for Intelligent Question Answering: A Comprehensive Survey

  • Hao Sun,
  • Shu Wang,
  • Yunqiang Zhu,
  • Wen Yuan and
  • Zhiqiang Zou

In the era of GeoAI, Geospatial Intelligent Question Answering (GeoIQA) represents the ultimate pursuit for everyone. Even generative AI systems like ChatGPT-4 struggle to handle complex GeoIQA. GeoIQA is domain complex IQA, which aims at understandi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,410 Views
12 Pages

Our study aimed to assess the accuracy and limitations of ChatGPT in the domain of MRI, focused on evaluating ChatGPT’s performance in answering simple knowledge questions and specialized multiple-choice questions related to MRI. A two-step app...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,417 Views
11 Pages

Graph Convolution Network over Dependency Structure Improve Knowledge Base Question Answering

  • Chenggong Zhang,
  • Daren Zha,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Nan Mu,
  • Chengwei Yang,
  • Bin Wang and
  • Fuyong Xu

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) can be divided into two types according to the type of complexity: questions with constraints and questions with multiple hops of relationships. Previous work on knowledge base question answering have mostly f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,068 Views
20 Pages

18 October 2025

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has impacted the world of higher education, and institutions are faced with challenges in integrating AI into curricula. Within the field of biology education, there has been little to no research on AI c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,124 Views
15 Pages

9 October 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of seven advanced AI Large Language Models (LLMs)—ChatGPT 4o, ChatGPT O3 Mini, ChatGPT O1, DeepSeek V3, DeepSeek R1, Gemini 2.0 Flash, and Grok-3—in answering multiple-choice questions (MCQs) i...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
6,662 Views
26 Pages

A VR-Enabled Chatbot Supporting Design and Manufacturing of Large and Complex Power Transformers

  • Amy J. C. Trappey,
  • Charles V. Trappey,
  • Min-Hua Chao,
  • Nan-Jun Hong and
  • Chun-Ting Wu

Virtual reality (VR) immersive technology allows users to experience enhanced reality using human–computer interfaces (HCI). Many systems have implemented VR with improved HCI to provide strategic market advantages for industry and engineering...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,964 Views
9 Pages

ChatGPT as a Source for Patient Information on Patellofemoral Surgery—A Comparative Study Amongst Laymen, Doctors, and Experts

  • Andreas Frodl,
  • Andreas Fuchs,
  • Tayfun Yilmaz,
  • Kaywan Izadpanah,
  • Hagen Schmal and
  • Markus Siegel

5 November 2024

Introduction: In November 2022, OpenAI launched ChatGPT for public use through a free online platform. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot trained on a broad dataset encompassing a wide range of topics, including medical literature. Th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,576 Views
16 Pages

Examining the Quasi-Public Spaces in Commercial Complexes

  • Noman Sahito,
  • Haoying Han,
  • Thuy Van Thi Nguyen,
  • Insin Kim,
  • Jinsoo Hwang and
  • Arif Jameel

29 February 2020

Commercial complexes are steadily expanding in size and function and plying roles as quasi-public spaces. This study investigated quasi-public spaces in contemporary commercial complexes by posting two questions: the physical features of quasi-public...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,943 Views
15 Pages

Pupil-Generated Questions in a Collaborative Open Inquiry

  • Susanna Pöntinen,
  • Sirpa Kärkkäinen,
  • Kaisa Pihlainen and
  • Sinikka Räty-Záborszky

Formulating questions is an integral part of pupils’ learning process and scientific inquiry. Investigating pupil-generated questions in a collaborative science learning setting, combining self-regulation theory and phases of inquiry, can exten...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,072 Views
20 Pages

8 February 2021

Probability is an important question in the ontological interpretation of quantum mechanics. It has been discussed in some trajectory interpretations such as Bohmian mechanics and stochastic mechanics. New questions arise when the probability domain...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,617 Views
19 Pages

11 November 2024

The text-to-SQL task aims to convert natural language questions into corresponding SQL queries based on a given database schema. Previous models that rely on graph neural networks often struggle to accurately capture the complex grammatical relations...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,690 Views
18 Pages

7 January 2023

With the development of education informatization and the accumulation of massive educational resources and teaching data in urban environments, educational knowledge graphs that provide good conditions for developing data-driven intelligent educatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,222 Views
15 Pages

6 July 2021

In network systems characterized by complex interactions of various types, core-periphery structures can be found. In this paper, we deal with such questions as what processes can lead to the emergence of core-periphery formation, whether this struct...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,021 Views
19 Pages

3 October 2017

Forest-derived biofuels have been on the agenda for several decades. Despite extensive research and development efforts, forest biofuel concepts have nevertheless not yet been realized on any significant scale. The discrepancy between the expectation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,633 Views
19 Pages

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) aims to answer a question using a knowledge base (KB). However, a knowledge base is naturally incomplete, and it cannot cover all the knowledge needed to answer the question. Therefore, obtaining accurate and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,523 Views
30 Pages

Automatic Generation of Moodle Cloze Questions for the Assessment of Knowledge About Lexical Analysis Algorithms

  • Roberto Izquierdo-Amo,
  • José Antonio Barbero-Aparicio,
  • José Luis Garrido-Labrador,
  • Alicia Olivares-Gil and
  • César Ignacio García-Osorio

13 January 2025

Moodle quizzes are a convenient way of online assessment, benefiting both teachers and students. Unfortunately, their preparation is slow, cumbersome, and error-prone. In addition to the effort of designing the questions, it is necessary to enter the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,369 Views
16 Pages

An Improved Model for Medical Forum Question Classification Based on CNN and BiLSTM

  • Emmanuel Mutabazi,
  • Jianjun Ni,
  • Guangyi Tang and
  • Weidong Cao

26 July 2023

Question Classification (QC) is the fundamental task for Question Answering Systems (QASs) implementation, and is a vital task, as it helps in identifying the question category. It plays a big role in predicting the answer to a question while buildin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,411 Views
28 Pages

Predicting long-term student achievement is a critical task for teachers and for educational data mining. However, most of the models do not consider two typical situations in real-life classrooms. The first is that teachers develop their own questio...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,296 Views
15 Pages

Participatory Action Research (PAR) empowers young people to work alongside adult researchers to determine the purpose/scope of research projects. By naming the purpose of the research, young people have the potential to transform it. Beginning with...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,719 Views
14 Pages

A New Approach to the Identification of Palliative Care Needs and Advanced Chronic Patients among Nursing Home Residents

  • Ana A. Esteban-Burgos,
  • María José Lozano-Terrón,
  • Daniel Puente-Fernandez,
  • César Hueso-Montoro,
  • Rafael Montoya-Juárez and
  • María P. García-Caro

Background: Proper planning of Palliative Care in nursing homes requires advanced knowledge of the care needs that residents show. The aim of the study was to evaluate Palliative Needs and other conditions such as fragility, complexity, and prognosis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
937 Views
14 Pages

27 September 2025

Table-based question answering (TableQA) has made significant progress in recent years; however, most advancements have focused on English datasets and SQL-based techniques, leaving Arabic TableQA largely unexplored. This gap is especially critical g...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,102 Views
16 Pages

Quantifying Soil Complexity Using Fisher Shannon Method on 3D X-ray Computed Tomography Scans

  • Domingos Aguiar,
  • Rômulo Simões Cezar Menezes,
  • Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino,
  • Tatijana Stosic,
  • Ana M. Tarquis and
  • Borko Stosic

19 October 2023

The conversion of native forest into agricultural land, which is common in many parts of the world, poses important questions regarding soil degradation, demanding further efforts to better understand the effect of land use change on soil functions....

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,184 Views
17 Pages

27 January 2016

Data Farming, network applications and approaches to integrate network analysis and processes to the data farming paradigm are presented as approaches to address complex system questions. Data Farming is a quantified approach that examines questions...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,479 Views
14 Pages

The eyes are in constant movement to optimize the interpretation of the visual scene by the brain. Eye movements are controlled by complex neural networks that interact with the rest of the brain. The direction of our eye movements could thus be infl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,565 Views
20 Pages

16 May 2023

In the field of question answering-based knowledge graphs, due to the complexity of the construction of knowledge graphs, a domain-specific knowledge graph often cannot contain some common-sense knowledge, which makes it impossible to answer question...

  • Article
  • Open Access
87 Citations
22,938 Views
24 Pages

27 May 2020

Research Question: Open innovation and the open business model exaggerate complexity (a transaction cost) in addition to the realization of emergence and its lock-in. Within a short period, Alibaba has become one of the global top e-commerce companie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,606 Views
21 Pages

Adaptive Conditional Reasoning for Remote Sensing Visual Question Answering

  • Yiqun Gao,
  • Zongwen Bai,
  • Meili Zhou,
  • Bolin Jia,
  • Peiqi Gao and
  • Rui Zhu

9 April 2025

Remote Sensing Visual Question Answering (RS-VQA) is a research task that combines remote sensing image processing and natural language understanding. The increasing complexity and diversity of question types in Remote Sensing Visual Question Answeri...

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