Many cellular analytical technologies measure only the average response from a cell population with an assumption that a clonal population is homogenous. The ensemble measurement often masks the difference among individual cells that can lead to misi...
30 June 2008
Improper localization of water channel proteins called aquaporins (AQP) induce mucosal injury which is implicated in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The amino acid sequences of AQP3 and AQP10 are 79% similar and belong to the mammalian aquagl...
The compartmentalization of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) subtype A17 was analyzed in colostrum and peripheral blood leukocyte cells of three naturally infected goats. This study aimed to analyze heterogeneity of the SRLV env (V4V5) gene, which...
Regulation of blood glucose levels depends on the property of beta cells to couple glucose sensing with insulin secretion. This is accomplished by the concentration-dependent flux of glucose through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, generatin...
Therapies involving elevation of the endogenous suppressor cyclic AMP (cAMP) are currently used in the treatment of several chronic inflammatory disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Characteristics of COPD are airway obs...
Monascus pigments (MPs), a class of secondary metabolites produced by Monascus spp., can be classified into yellow, orange, and red MPs according to their differences in the wavelength of the maximum absorption. However, the biosynthetic sequence and...
The vascular hypothesis used to explain the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suggests that a dysfunction of the cerebral microvasculature could be the beginning of alterations that ultimately leads to neuronal damage, and an abnormal incre...
A proof of concept for a one-pot process merging a heterocycle formation by a classical chemical approach at basic conditions with a biocatalytic reduction, running at neutral pH conditions, is reported. A crucial component for this process is the co...
The application of high throughput synthesis methodologies in the generation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) currently requires the use of automated and easily scalable systems, easy dispensing of supported reagents in solution phase orga...
HIV-1 disseminates to a broad range of tissue compartments during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). The central nervous system (CNS) can serve as an early and persistent site of viral replication, which poses a potential challenge for HIV-1 remission stra...
Cells and tissues are continuously exposed to both chemical and physical stimuli and dynamically adapt and respond to this variety of external cues to ensure cellular homeostasis, regulated development and tissue-specific differentiation. Alterations...
The cyclic AMP (cAMP) signalling cascade is necessary for cell homeostasis and plays important roles in many processes. This is particularly relevant during ageing and age-related diseases, where drastic changes, generally decreases, in cAMP levels h...
Natural habitats increasingly face the introduction and spread of non-native species. Under the right conditions, non-native species can become invasive over time. This issue is now being addressed by many experts and researchers who are using and de...
Isotope labeling is one of the few methods of revealing the in vivo bidirectionality and compartmentalization of metabolic fluxes within metabolic networks. We argue that a shift from steady state to dynamic isotopomer analysis is required to deal wi...
Mass-balanced compartmental systems defy classical deterministic entropy measures since both metric and topological entropy vanish in dissipative dynamics. By interpreting open compartmental systems as absorbing continuous-time Markov chains that des...
Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a multifunctional epigenetic reader playing a role in transcriptional regulation and chromatin structure, which was linked to Rett syndrome in humans. Here, we focus on its isoforms and functional domains, inte...
The mainstream compartmental models require stochastic parameterization to estimate the transmission parameters between compartments, whose calculation depend upon detailed statistics on epidemiological characteristics, which are expensive, economica...
The intricate neuronal architecture of the striatum plays a pivotal role in the functioning of the basal ganglia circuits involved in the control of various aspects of motor, cognitive, and emotional functions. Unlike the cerebral cortex, which has a...
Sustainable replication and evolution of genetic molecules such as RNA are likely requisites for the emergence of life; however, these processes are easily affected by the appearance of parasitic molecules that replicate by relying on the function of...
The androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear steroid hormone receptor family of transcription factors, plays a crucial role not only in the development of the male phenotype but also in the development and growth of prostate cancer. While AR s...
Compartmentalization of the membrane is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks and spatially constrained biochemical functions in topographically defined areas. These membrane lateral heterogeneities range from nanoscopic dimensions, of...
cAMP is a second messenger that regulates a myriad of cellular functions in response to multiple extracellular stimuli. New developments in the field have provided exciting insights into how cAMP utilizes compartmentalization to ensure specificity wh...
There is a huge family of recurrent functions, which starts with equilibria and ends with Poisson stable functions. They are fundamental in theoretical and application senses, and they admit a famous history. Recently, we have added the unpredictable...
Modelling and predicting the behaviour of infectious diseases is essential for early warning and evaluating the most effective interventions to prevent significant harm. Compartmental models produce a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs)...
Cells compartmentalize biochemical processes using physical barriers in the form of membranes. Eukaryotes have a wide diversity of membrane-based compartments that can be used in this context, with the main ones being the extracellular membrane, whic...
Obtaining accurate forecasts for the evolution of epidemic outbreaks from deterministic compartmental models represents a major theoretical challenge. Recently, it has been shown that these models typically exhibit trajectory degeneracy, as different...
Contemporary biological cells are highly sophisticated dynamic compartment systems which separate an internal volume from the external medium through a boundary, which controls, in complex ways, the exchange of matter and energy between the cell’s in...
The problem of the emergence and survival of self-replicating molecules in origin-of-life scenarios is plagued by the error catastrophe, which is usually escaped by considering effects of compartmentalization, as in the stochastic corrector model. By...
Norepinephrine (NE) neurons and extracellular NE exert some protective effects against a variety of insults, including methamphetamine (Meth)-induced cell damage. The intimate mechanism of protection remains difficult to be analyzed in vivo. In fact,...
Compartmental models have long been used in epidemiological studies for predicting disease spread. However, a major issue when using compartmental mathematical models concerns the time-invariant formulation of hyper-parameters that prevent the model...
Due to the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19, many strategies and models have been put forward by researchers who intend to control the current situation with the given means. In particular, compartmental models are being used to model and analyze the C...
Cardiovascular diseases are important causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are major components of blood vessels and are involved in physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. In healthy vessels, vascular...
3′,5′-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger which plays critical roles in cardiac function and disease. In adult mouse ventricular myocytes (AMVMs), several distinct functionally relevant microdomains with tightly com...
Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical need for accurate predictive models to guide public health interventions and optimize healthcare resource allocation. This study evaluates how the complexity of compartmental infec...
Introduction: Sepsis remains a major contributor to critical care mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite advances in understanding its complex immunopathology, the compartmentalized nature of immune responses across different organs has yet to be...
The ubiquitous second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) regulates multiple physiologic processes in the cardiovascular system. Its intracellular effects are mediated by stringently controlled subcellular microdomains. In this revi...
In this work, we apply a novel and accurate Physics-Informed Neural Network Theory of Functional Connections (PINN-TFC) based framework, called Extreme Theory of Functional Connections (X-TFC), for data-physics-driven parameters’ discovery of problem...
Shunting inhibitory cellular neural networks with compartmental periodic unpredictable coefficients and inputs is the focus of this research. A new algorithm is suggested, to enlarge the set of known unpredictable functions by applying diagonalizatio...
The thyroid biokinetic model of radioactive I-131 was re-evaluated using a refined nine-compartmental model and applied to twelve thyroid cancer patients. In contrast to the simplified four-compartmental model regulated by the ICRP-56 report, the rev...
In kinetoplastids, the first seven steps of glycolysis are compartmentalized into a glycosome along with parts of other metabolic pathways. This organelle shares a common ancestor with the better-understood eukaryotic peroxisome. Much of our understa...
Problems of quantitative investigation of intracellular diffusion and compartmentation of metabolites are analyzed. Principal controversies in recently published analyses of these problems for the living cells are discussed. It is shown that the form...
In this paper, we study and investigate the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iraq and Egypt by using compartmental, logistic regression, and Gaussian models. We developed a generalized SEIR model for the spread of COVID-19, taking...
This paper presents an educational mobile assistant application for type 1 diabetes patients. The proposed application is based on four mathematical models that describe the glucose-insulin-glucagon dynamics using a compartmental model, with addition...
The purpose of this study was to examine antibiotic drug transport from a hydrogel drug delivery system (DDS) using a computational model and a 3D model of the eye. Hydrogel DDSs loaded with vancomycin (VAN) were synthesized and release behavior was...
Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) may exist prior to treatment and contribute to the failure of treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). As the major site of HCV replication, naturally occurring variants with RASs may segregate into t...
The discovery of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that do not have an ordered structure and nevertheless perform essential functions has opened a new era in the understanding of cellular compartmentalization. It threw the bridge from the most...
Following translocation into the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory proteins undergo a series of folding, maturation, compartmentalization and trafficking events. These are finely tuned to avoid misfolded protein accumulation and the consequ...
Diazepam (DZP) is a long-acting benzodiazepine to treat anxiety or acute alcohol withdrawal. Although this class of drugs should be taken for a short period of time, many patients take them for longer than recommended, which has been linked to an inc...
Extensive reorganization of infected cells and the formation of large structures known as the nuclear replication compartment (RC) and cytoplasmic assembly compartment (AC) is a hallmark of beta-herpesvirus infection. These restructurings rely on ext...
Agri-food supply chains have experienced notable changes in recent decades, with tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) maintaining their status as a key global crop in terms of both production and consumption. These supply chains comprise a complex network...
of 29