Prosaposin (PSAP) and progranulin (PGRN) are two lysosomal proteins that interact and modulate the metabolism of lipids, particularly sphingolipids. Alterations in sphingolipid metabolism have been found in schizophrenia. Genetic associations of PSAP...
Cumulative animal and human studies have consistently demonstrated that two major cortical regions in the brain, namely the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insular cortex (IC), play critical roles in pain perception and chronic pain. Neuronal syn...
Background: Neuropathic pain (NP), a debilitating condition resulting from nervous system lesions, is poorly managed by current therapies. The cingulate cortex is crucial for affective pain processing, yet a comprehensive spatiotemporal understanding...
Background: The neural basis of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) remains unclear. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that aberrant connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and default mode network (DMN) may play a key role i...
Early detection in the development of a Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) could guide earlier clinical interventions. Although MDD can begin at a younger age, most people have their first episode in young adulthood. The underlying pathophysiological me...
Background/Objectives: Emotion recognition is a fundamental component of mammalian social cognition, enabling animals such as rodents to detect the emotional states of conspecifics and guide prosocial or avoidance behaviors. However, natural social l...
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key diffusible messenger in the mammalian brain. It has been proposed that NO may diffuse in retrograde into presynaptic terminals, contributing to the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we present nov...
Cognitive deficits associated with teenage drinking may be due to disrupted myelination of prefrontal circuits. To better understand how alcohol affects myelination, male and female Wistar rats (n = 7–9/sex/treatment) underwent two weeks of int...
Background: This study aimed to explore possible differences of the whole-brain functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior insula (AI), in a sample of depressed patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar d...
Background: Interoception has been proposed as a key mechanism underlying impulsive behaviours, including maladaptive eating. However, the brain mechanisms supporting the interaction between interoception and impulsivity across different reward types...
Flexible pulse-by-pulse regulation of sensorimotor synchronization is crucial for voluntarily showing rhythmic behaviors synchronously with external cueing; however, the underpinning neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that...
The hyperexcitability of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in the development of chronic pain. As one of the key causes of ACC hyperexcitation, disinhibition of the ACC may be closely related to the dysfunction of inhibitory par...
Humans and animals frequently make an endeavor-based choice based on assessing reinforcement value and response costs. The cortical-limbic-striatal pathway mediates endeavor-based choice behavior, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the anterio...
Attention focus affects performance in postural control while standing, and it is divided into internal focus (IF) and external focus (EF). Each individual has a predominant attention focus, and research has revealed that the dominance of attention f...
Background and Objectives: Our aim was to assess genetic and environmental effects on surface morphological parameters for quantifying anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) changes in middle- to advanced-age East Asians using twin analysis. Materials and M...
Cortical folding of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), particularly the cingulate (CS) and the paracingulate (PCS) sulci, represents a neurodevelopmental marker. Deviations in in utero development in schizophrenia can be traced using CS and PCS mor...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs the control of attention and behavioral inhibition in affected individuals. Recent genome-wide association findings have revealed an association between glu...
Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) has been implicated in habituation to stress, and its augmentation reduces stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) changes the 2-AG levels in some gross brain areas, such as t...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the resting state has shown altered brain connectivity networks in obese individuals. However, the impact of a Mediterranean diet on cerebral connectivity in obese patients when losing weight has not be...
Chronic pain patients frequently develop and suffer from mental comorbidities such as depressive mood, impaired cognition, and other significant constraints of daily life, which can only insufficiently be overcome by medication. The emotional and cog...
Behavioral flexibility and goal-directed behavior heavily depend on fronto-striatal networks. Within these circuits, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate play an important role in (motor) response inhibition, but it has remained largely uncle...
Visceral adipose tissue accumulation is an important determinant of metabolic risk and can be estimated by the visceral adiposity index (VAI). Visceral adiposity may impact brain regions involved in eating behavior. We aimed to examine the associatio...
This study presents a new approach to exploring human inhibition in a realistic scenario. In previous inhibition studies, the stimulus design of go/no-go task generally used a simple symbol for the go and stop signals. We can understand the neural ac...
Quinpirole (QNP) sensitization is a well-established model of stereotypical checking relevant to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Previously, we found that QNP-treated rats display deficits in hippocampus-dependent tasks. The present study explores the...
Major depression contributes significantly to the global disability burden. Since the first clinical study of deep brain stimulation (DBS), over 446 patients with depression have now undergone this neuromodulation therapy, and 29 animal studies have...
Patients with conversion disorder generally suffer from a severe neurological deficit which cannot be attributed to a structural neurological damage. In two patients with acute conversion paraplegia, investigation with functional magnetic resonance i...
Background: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is known for its involvement in various regulatory functions, including in the central control of feeding. Activation of local elements of the central glucose-monitoring (GM) neuronal network appears to...
Jane Loevinger’s theory of adult development, termed ego development (1966) and more recently maturity development, provides a useful framework for understanding the development of the self throughout the lifespan. However, few studies have investiga...
Depressive spectrum disorders are considered among the most common in the general population. Major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder (or dysthymia) are the most recognized, but other depressive disorders exist with varying or no...
Neuropathic pain is an intractable chronic pain, caused by damage to the somatosensory nervous system. To date, treatment for neuropathic pain has limited effects. For the development of efficient therapeutic methods, it is essential to fully underst...
Major depression (MD) is a condition characterised by persistent sadness and apathy, sometimes accompanied by changes in sleep, appetite, and energy levels. It is highly heterogeneous, and depressive subtypes exhibit differing symptom profiles and pa...
Background: The differences in brain activity between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy adults have been confirmed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography...
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. The best method for quantifying GABA is proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Considering that accurate measurements of GABA...
Fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis are among the most prevalent rheumatic conditions worldwide. Nonpharmacological interventions have gained scientific endorsements as the preferred initial treatments before resorting to pharmacological modalities. Repe...
Positive outcome expectancy is a crucial cognitive factor influencing aggression, yet its neural basis remains unclear. Therefore, the present study combined voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with a resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis t...
A unified theory of emotion and motivation is updated in which motivational states are states in which instrumental goal-directed actions are performed to obtain anticipated rewards or avoid punishers, and emotional states are states that are elicite...
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) are two major neurocognitive disorders characterized by amnesia but AD is degenerative while KS is not. The objective is to compare regional volume deficits within the Pap...
Background/Objectives: Fake pain expressions are more intense, prolonged, and include non-pain-related actions compared to genuine ones. Despite these differences, individuals struggle to detect deception in direct tasks (i.e., when asked to detect l...
Persistent post-surgical pain (PPSP) is a chronic pain condition, often with neuropathic features, that occurs in approximately 20% of children who undergo surgery. The biological basis of PPSP has not been elucidated. Anesthetic drugs can have lasti...
The incidence of mood disorders in the general population is quite high. Among the most common is bipolar disorder (BD), often associated with severe mood disorders, psychotic changes (e.g., delusions, hallucinations), impulsivity, and self-harm. How...
Fibromyalgia is a chronic illness usually accompanied by long-lasting, general pain throughout the body, often accompanied by anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep disruption. Meanwhile, doctors and scientists have not entirely discovered detailed...
Impaired cognitive and behavioral control has often been observed in people who use methamphetamine (MA). However, a comprehensive understanding of the neural substrates underlying these impairments is still lacking. The goal of the present study was...
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Freud defined the drive as “a concept on the frontier between the mental and the somatic”. Today this view that was based on clinical observations interpreted within the psychoanalytical framework, can be revisited in light of the current neuroscient...
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic illness in which patients do not achieve remission sufficiently with conventional medication. Deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) for OCD neuromodulates the bilateral anterior cing...
Background and Clinical Significance: We report on three patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who showed improvement of impaired consciousness and changes in the default mode network (DMN), which was demonstrated on follow-up diffusion tensor t...
The relationship between serum ferritin, brain morphology, and cognition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is incompletely characterized. We examined these relationships in a retrospective, cross-sectional cohort of 100 patients with clinically diagn...
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation and progressive bone destruction. However, its complex pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and effective therapeutic targets are...
It is claimed that investment decision-making should rely on rational analyses based on facts and not emotions. However, trying to make money out of market forecasts can trigger all types of emotional responses. As the question on how investors decid...
Pathological aggression is a debilitating feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders, and cingulate cortex is one of the brain areas centrally implicated in its control. Here we explore the specific role of midcingulate cortex (MCC) in the developmen...
Incoercible or intractable pain is defined as pain that is refractory to pharmacological treatment to such an extent that opioid and analgesic adverse effects outweigh the therapeutic effects. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in the pe...
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