This paper employs the two-step procedure to analyze the causality-in-mean and causality-in-variance between the housing and stock markets of the UK. The empirical findings make two key contributions. First, although previous studies have indicated a...
This study examines the Granger-causal relationships between oil price movements and global stock returns by using time-varying Granger-causality tests in mean and in variance. We use the daily returns from Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI)...
While human capital and foreign capital have received considerable attention in the study of economic growth, foreign remittances are less of a focus. Though some studies have identified the increasing importance of remittances, they have failed to a...
China is the second largest aviation country in the world. The Chinese aviation industry and economy both developed quickly in the last two decades. However, the interaction mechanisms of aviation and the regional economy were different in each provi...
A considerable number of studies have examined the relationship between global prices and local prices in food-importing nations, but the linkages between international prices and the producer prices of large agricultural exporters have been largely...
The results of the single-equation cointegration tests indicate that patterns of cointegration in the two main and four sub-periods are not homogeneous. Two key findings emerge from the study. First, fewer stock markets cointegrated with S&P 500...
The aim of this article is to supply the first empirical research inspecting how changes in diesel prices influence the prices of four agricultural commodities in Bulgaria. For this purpose, using a VECM and monthly agricultural commodity prices betw...
An early development in testing for causality (technically, Granger non-causality) in the conditional variance (or volatility) associated with financial returns was the portmanteau statistic for non-causality in the variance of Cheng and Ng (1996). A...
Land use/cover and vegetation patterns are influenced by many ecological factors. However, the effect of various factors on different classification systems and different levels of the same system is unclear. We conducted a redundancy analysis with 1...
Background: Epidemiological studies observing inconsistent associations of telomere length (TL) with ischemic stroke (IS) are susceptible to bias according to reverse causation and residual confounding. We aimed to assess the causal association betwe...
The summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method is gaining popularity in estimating the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome. In practice, the instrument SNP is often selected from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) on the exp...
This paper reports a study on the causal dynamics between spot oil price, exchange rates, and stock prices in Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, and Serbia. The results are compared with a benchmark analysis in which U.S. monthly data are...
SjD (Sjögren’s Disease) and SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) are similar diseases. There is extensive overlap between the two in terms of both clinical features and pathobiologic mechanisms. Shared genetic risk is a potential explanation...
This paper investigates the nexus between CO2 emissions (CO2E), GDP, energy use (ENU), and population growth (PG) in India from 1980–2018 by comparing the “vector error correction” model (VECM) and “auto regressive distributed...
Background: Observational studies have highlighted the pivotal role of inflammatory cytokines in cirrhosis progression. However, the existence of a causal link between inflammatory cytokines and cirrhosis remains uncertain. In this study, we conducte...
This study is a maiden empirical attempt to examine the long-run linkage between households’ usage of energy and economic progression in Pakistan from the period of 1972–2017. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bounds testing meth...
A growing number of studies indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction serves as a pathological mechanism for periodontitis. Therefore, this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out to explore the causal associations between mitocho...
21 April 2022
Land finance has consumed a lot of China’s urban land resources while contributing to its economic growth. Urban land expansion, land finance, and economic growth have attracted significant scholarly and social attention. However, the influence...
Financial assets often exhibit explosive price surges followed by abrupt collapses, alongside persistent volatility clustering. Motivated by these features, we introduce a mixed causal–noncausal invertible–noninvertible autoregressive mov...
The paper aims to examine the spillover of uncertainty among commodity markets using Diebold–Yilmaz approach based on forecast error variance decomposition. Next, causal impact of global factors as drivers of uncertainty transmission between oil and...
With the rapid development of wind and photovoltaic power generation, hydro-turbine generator units have to operate in a challenging way, resulting in obvious vibration problems. Because of the significant impact of vibration on safety and economical...
Common age-related eye disorders include glaucoma, cataract, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, little is known about their relationship with age. This study investigated the potential causal relationship between glaucoma and AMD wi...
The potential relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and candidiasis is of concern due to the respective characteristics of these conditions, yet the exact causal link between the two remains uncertain and requires further investigation. In this...
Pakistan is facing an energy crisis and is also severely affected by climate change. Moreover, Pakistan is not doing well as far as health outcome indicators are concerned. The causal nexus among energy, environment, and health outcomes is well-estab...
Causal machine learning is an approach that combines causal inference and machine learning to understand and utilize causal relationships in data. In current research and applications, traditional machine learning and deep learning models always focu...
This study aimed to understand green finance’s impact on fertilizer use and agricultural carbon emissions. We selected the macro panel data of 30 provinces (cities) in China from 2000 to 2019. The main research methods are standardized test fra...
Background: Numerous observational studies have documented an association between the circadian rhythm and the composition of the gut microbiota. However, the bidirectional causal effect of the morning chronotype on the gut microbiota is unknown. Met...
Researchers have proposed a possible correlation between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and inflammation or C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We investigated the potential causal relationship between CRP levels and AMD. Single-nucleotide polym...
Recent research has highlighted associations between sleep and microbial taxa and pathways. However, the causal effect of these associations remains unknown. To investigate this, we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) an...
Epidemiological studies have linked particulate matter (PM2.5) to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the causality of this association has not been established; Mendelian randomization was carried out using summary data from genome-wide as...
Observational studies revealed changes in Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation during the aging process. However, it lacks causal insights and remains unclear in which direction causal relationships exist. The two-sample bidirectional Mendelian ran...
Background: Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative ocular disease that is accompanied by cerebral damage extending beyond the visual system. Recent studies based on diffusion tensor tractography have suggested an association between glaucoma and brain struc...
Objectives: Observational research shows associations of the gut microbiota and its metabolites with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), but the causality is undetermined. Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to analyze the as...
We evaluated the causal effects of blood lipid levels on systemic lupus erythematosus with a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to blood lipids levels (p < 5 × 10−8) were se...
There exists a highly interrelated relationship between energy, the environment and growth where the efficient management of this nexus is not only a must for sustainable development and human wellbeing but is also a basis for formulating sound econo...
Several observational studies have indicated the potential associations among calcium, vitamin D (Vit-D), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the causal relationship deduced from these studies is subject to residual confounding factors and r...
Empirical evidence suggests a great positive association between measures of fluid intelligence and working memory capacity, which implied to some researchers that fluid intelligence is little more than working memory. Because this conclusion is most...
Stips et al. (2016) use information flows (Liang (2008, 2014)) to establish causality from various forcings to global temperature. We show that the formulas being used hinge on a simplifying assumption that is nearly always rejected by the data. We p...
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study including only European men to test for a causal relationship between serum urate (SU), gout, and prostate cancer. Using genome-wide association (GWAS) data, we generated instrumental varia...
Background: A few studies have reported controversial relationships between atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/L) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between AF/L and POAG. Methods: S...
Background: Very few case reports have explored a potential link between ankylosing spondylitis (AS), an autoimmune disorder, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative condition. We aimed to investigate whether genetic...
Background: Gliomas, particularly high-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma, represent a major challenge due to their poor prognosis. While dietary factors have been proposed as potential modulators of glioma risk, causal inference has been hindered by...
Existing research indicates that different types of meat have varying effects on health and aging, but the specific causal relationships remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between different types of meat intake and ag...
Background: Adiposity is closely related to osteoarthritis, but the causal effects of different types of adiposity on osteoarthritis are indistinct. This study conducted a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis for the causal effects of general adipos...
Previous observational studies have highlighted associations between adipokines and hyperuricemia, as well as gout, but the causality and direction of these associations are not clear. Therefore, we attempted to assess whether there are causal effect...
Both chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and stroke contribute to a high burden of disease in the majority of low- and middle-income countries. Epidemiological studies yield conflicting results on the association between CHB and stroke, and the causal relation...
This study explored the potential causal relationship between ibuprofen (IBU) use and the risk of developing osteoarthritis, a prevalent joint disorder characterized by pain and stiffness. We conducted a two-sample MR analysis using four distinct OA...
Background: Patients with angina are often suffering from comorbidities such as varying degrees of hepatic dysfunction. However, the impact of angina on the incidence of hepatic failure (HF) remains unclear. Methods: The genetic data were retrieved f...
Based on previous observational studies, the causal association between circulating adiponectin (CA) levels and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) risk remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether CA levels are related to the risk of A...
Background/Objectives: Psoriasis and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may share immune-related pathophysiologic characteristics. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between psoriasis and AMD. We assessed the possible causal...
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