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Nutrients
Volume 14
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10.3390/nu14235109
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Article

The Role of Calcium, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and Parathyroid Hormone in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

by
Ning Xie
1,2,3,†,
Jiale Xie
4,†,
Ziwei Wang
1,2,
Qiuai Shu
1,
Haitao Shi
1,
Jinhai Wang
1,
Na Liu
1,2,
Feng Xu
2,3,* and
Jian Wu
5,*
1
Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2
Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
3
The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
4
Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
5
National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2022, 14(23), 5109; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235109
Submission received: 24 October 2022 / Revised: 24 November 2022 / Accepted: 27 November 2022 / Published: 1 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamins, Nutritional Supplements, Antioxidant Therapy, and Modulators of Inflammation as Therapeutic Interventions)
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Abstract

Several observational studies have indicated the potential associations among calcium, vitamin D (Vit-D), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the causal relationship deduced from these studies is subject to residual confounding factors and reverse causation. Therefore, we aimed to explore the bidirectional causal effects among serum calcium, Vit-D, PTH, and IBS at the genetic level by a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of the datasets from IEU OpenGWAS database. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness. The estimates were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results of the inverse variance weighted method did not reveal any causal relationship between the genetically predisposed calcium (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.80–1.06, p = 0.25) and Vit-D (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.83–1.19, p = 0.94) level and the risk of IBS. The bidirectional analysis demonstrated that genetic predisposition to IBS was associated with a decreased level of PTH (beta: −0.19, 95%CI: −0.34 to −0.04, p = 0.01). In conclusion, the present study indicates no causal relationship between the serum calcium and Vit-D concentrations and the risk of IBS. The potential mechanisms via which IBS affects serum PTH need to be further investigated.
Keywords: causal effects; irritable bowel syndrome; Mendelian randomization; calcium; vitamin D; parathyroid hormone causal effects; irritable bowel syndrome; Mendelian randomization; calcium; vitamin D; parathyroid hormone

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xie, N.; Xie, J.; Wang, Z.; Shu, Q.; Shi, H.; Wang, J.; Liu, N.; Xu, F.; Wu, J. The Role of Calcium, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and Parathyroid Hormone in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2022, 14, 5109. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235109

AMA Style

Xie N, Xie J, Wang Z, Shu Q, Shi H, Wang J, Liu N, Xu F, Wu J. The Role of Calcium, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and Parathyroid Hormone in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients. 2022; 14(23):5109. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235109

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xie, Ning, Jiale Xie, Ziwei Wang, Qiuai Shu, Haitao Shi, Jinhai Wang, Na Liu, Feng Xu, and Jian Wu. 2022. "The Role of Calcium, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and Parathyroid Hormone in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study" Nutrients 14, no. 23: 5109. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235109

APA Style

Xie, N., Xie, J., Wang, Z., Shu, Q., Shi, H., Wang, J., Liu, N., Xu, F., & Wu, J. (2022). The Role of Calcium, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and Parathyroid Hormone in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients, 14(23), 5109. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235109

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