Repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressures can produce biological changes and clinical sequelae that resemble mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). While recent efforts have revealed several protein biomarkers for axonal injury during repetitive...
Subconcussive blast exposure has been shown to alter neurological functioning. However, the extent to which neurological dysfunction persists after blast exposure is unknown. This longitudinal study examined the potential short- and long-term effects...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant public health concern, particularly among military personnel and contact sport athletes who are frequently exposed to repeated blast overpressure waves and mild concussive impacts, respectively. Whil...
Due to use of explosive devices and heavy weapons systems in modern conflicts, the effect of BW on the brain and body is of increasing concern. These exposures have been commonly linked with neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders in vet...
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) frequently results in sleep-wake disturbances. However, limited studies have investigated the molecular signaling mechanisms underlying these sleep disturbances, and potentially efficacious therapies are la...
Injuries and subclinical effects from exposure to blasts are of significant concern in military operational settings, including tactical training, and are associated with self-reported concussion-like symptomology and physiological changes such as in...
Chronic low-level blast exposure has been linked with neurological alterations and traumatic brain injury (TBI) biomarkers. Impaired smooth-pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are often associated with TBI. The purpose of this study was to determine whether...
Objective: Active-duty military personnel in the current wars have experienced unique stressors that deviate from standard PTSD assessment and diagnosis. This situation calls for a refinement of military-related PTSD assessment. To this end, this stu...
The glycocalyx is a proteoglycan–glycoprotein structure lining the luminal surface of the vascular endothelium and is susceptible to damage due to blast overpressure (BOP) exposure. The glycocalyx is essential in maintaining the structural and...
Repeated mixed-munition demolition may require explosive ordnance disposal personnel to re-enter a common demolition pit to inspect effects, recover debris and prepare subsequent stacks. Dinitrotoluene (DNT) is a recognised explosive ordnance occupat...
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury is a prevalent and underreported condition, particularly among military service members, for whom effective prophylactic interventions are lacking. Nano-pulsed laser therapy (NPLT) is a non-invasive neuromodulator...
Background: Blast-induced spinal cord injuries (bSCI) account for 75% of all combat-related spinal trauma and are associated with long-term functional impairments. However, limited studies have evaluated the neuropathological outcomes in the spinal c...
Repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressure, frequently experienced during explosive breaching and heavy weapons use in training and operations, is increasingly recognised as a serious risk to the neurological health of military personnel. Alth...
8 December 2021
Because traumatic brain injury (TBI)—most often caused by exposure to high-level blast (HLB)—is a leading cause of medical evacuations of deployed U.S. service members in recent conflicts, researchers seek to identify risk factors for TBI...
Repetitive low-level blast exposure is one of the major occupational health concerns among US military service members and law enforcement. This study seeks to identify gene expression using microRNA and RNA sequencing in whole-blood samples from exp...
Repetitive low-level blast (rLLB) exposure is a potential risk factor for the health of soldiers or workers who are exposed to it as an occupational characteristic. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are susceptible to external blast waves and produce pro-in...
Repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressure (BOP) during controlled detonations is an emerging occupational health concern for military breachers and Special Operations Forces personnel, given accumulating evidence that chronic exposure may pro...
For improving the contribution of the cement industry to mitigate global warming, many strategies have been put into practice, such as the use of eco-friendly cements with the incorporation of additions substituting clinker. Nevertheless, the use of...
The use of eco-friendly cements prepared with ternary binders could contribute to improving the sustainability of cement production. However, their use for manufacturing commercial cements is very low, at least in Spain. The purpose of this research...
Blast trauma presents a unique challenge due to its complex mechanism of injury, which impacts the brain and other vital organs through overpressure waves and internal bleeding. Severe blood loss leads to an inadequate oxygen supply and insufficient...
At present, one of the most suitable ways to get a more sustainable cement industry is to reduce the CO2 emissions generated during cement production. In order to reach that goal, the use of ground granulated blast-furnace slag as clinker replacement...
Nowadays, getting a more environmentally sustainable cement production is one of the main goals of the cement industry. In this regard, the use of active additions, like fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, has become very popular. The b...
Nowadays, cement manufacture is one of the most polluting worldwide industrial sectors. In order to reduce its CO2 emissions, the clinker replacement by ground granulated blast–furnace slag and fly ash is becoming increasingly common. Both additions...
A simple underwater noise model suitable for use with explosive severance of well conductors and piles during the decommissioning of oil and gas subsea structures is introduced and evaluated against data from five projects in the US. This study focus...
Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) is a pressing concern for veterans and civilians exposed to explosive devices. Affected personnel may have increased risk for long-term cognitive decline and developing tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease-...
Explosive ordnance (EO), including AXO (abandoned explosive ordnance), IEDs (improvised explosives devices), and UXO (unexploded ordnance), are widely recognised for their blast and fragmentation hazards, but they also represent a persistent and unde...
Concrete sulfate attack is of great interest as it represents one of the main reasons of concrete deterioration and poor durability for concrete structures. In this research, the effect of different cement types on concrete sulfate resistance was inv...
Background/Objectives: Suicides among U.S. military veterans are alarmingly high, driven by factors such as mental health issues, combat exposure, and history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)/concussion. This study aims to examine the relationsh...
Explosive blasts are associated with neurological consequences as a result of blast waves impact on the brain. Yet, the neuropathologic and molecular consequences due to blast waves vs. blunt-TBI are not fully understood. An explosive-driven blast-ge...
Exposure to blast waves without kinetic, penetrating, thermal, or toxic components causes a distinct form of traumatic brain injury, termed primary blast-induced TBI (pbTBI). Clinical manifestations of pbTBI span a wide spectrum, ranging from life-th...
Background and Objectives: Epidemiological data indicate that blast exposure is the most common morbidity responsible for mild TBI among Service Members (SMs) during recent military operations. Blast-induced tinnitus is a comorbidity frequently repor...
Background/Objectives: Blast-induced hearing loss (BIHL) is a major concern, particularly for military personnel, and is linked to impaired auditory neuron survival and synaptic plasticity. This study investigates the potential of the TrkB agonist 7,...
Blast-induced polytrauma (BIPT) is a common injury among military personnel exposed to explosive blasts. It is increasingly recognized as a complex, multisystem disorder that extends beyond neurological damage to include systemic metabolic and inflam...
Low-level blast (LLB) exposure can lead to alterations in neurological health, cerebral vasculature, and cerebral blood flow (CBF). The development of cognitive issues and behavioral abnormalities after LLB, or subconcussive blast exposure, is insidi...
Blast-induced neurotrauma has received much attention over the past decade. Vascular injury occurs early following blast exposure. Indeed, in animal models that approximate human mild traumatic brain injury or subclinical blast exposure, vascular pat...
The TiAl47Cr2Nb2 alloy fatigue specimens were prepared by investment casting, and three kinds of surface processes were applied to fatigue specimens. These three processes were sand-blasting (SB), sand-blasting and shot-peening (SBSP) and sand-blasti...
The abrasive blasting industry is identified as the most unsafe operation in terms of potential exposure to airborne crystalline silica. This is due to the free silica content in the common abrasives that are used for blasting activities. This paper...
Exposure to repeated mild blast traumatic brain injury (mbTBI) is common in combat soldiers and the training of Special Forces. Evidence suggests that repeated exposure to a mild or subthreshold blast can cause serious and long-lasting impairments, b...
This study evaluated the performance of a hybrid panel in an improved moveable weir after exposure to accelerated environmental climate conditions. When exposed to a river environment, corrosion problems on improved moveable weir steel panels can occ...
The need to confront the problem of corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement is an issue of major importance and a perpetual challenge to the structural integrity and reliability in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The current experimental stu...
Some of the most severe structural loadings come in the form of blast loads, which may be caused by severe accidents or even terrorist activities. Most commonly after exposure to explosive forces, a structure will suffer from different degrees of dam...
Recent U.S. military conflicts have underscored the knowledge gap regarding the neurological changes associated with blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). In vitro models of TBIs have the advantage of following the neuronal response to biomech...
Traumatic brain injury caused by blast is associated with long-term neuropathological changes including tau phosphorylation and pathology. In this study, we aimed to determine changes in initial tau phosphorylation after exposure to a single mild bla...
Military breachers are routinely exposed to repetitive low-level blast overpressure, placing them at elevated risk for long-term neurological sequelae. Mounting evidence suggests that circulating brain-reactive autoantibodies, generated following CNS...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most frequent causes of combat casualties in Operations Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Enduring Freedom (OEF), and New Dawn (OND). Although less common than combat-related blast exposure, there have been significant n...
During construction of the Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railroad between Kars City in Türkiye and Tbilisi in Georgia, blasting operations in an anthrax-endemic region disrupted a burial pit containing carcasses of cattle that had died of anthrax. Railroad worke...
The article presents the influence of the applied method used for removing the varnish coat on the corrosion resistance of the car body sheet. The tests were carried out on samples prepared from factory-painted car body elements with pearlescent, met...
Background/Objectives: Military personnel are frequently exposed to high-risk acoustic trauma from blast waves. While macroscopic injuries like tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) are easily identified, subclinical microscopic damage, such as hidden...
For microfabrications of biochips with micro fluidic channels, a large number of microfabrication techniques based on silicon or glass-based Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technologies were proposed in the last decade. In recent years, for lo...
Adhesive bonding of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) is a key enabling technology for the assembly of lightweight structures. Surface pretreatment is necessary to remove contaminants related to material manufacturing and ensure bond reliabili...
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