Search Results (19,850)

Deciphering the coupling mechanisms between post-harvest precursor shaping and roasting thermochemistry is pivotal for precise coffee flavor modulation. This study aimed to investigate the regulation mechanisms of in vitro biomimetic fermentation (BF) on the precursor-roasting reaction network. Integrated multi-omics characterization and sensory evaluation reveal that the BF protocol achieves targeted substrate enrichment, notably amplifying free amino acids—particularly leucine and phenylalanine—by 1.89-fold while accumulating lactate and succinate buffering salt systems. This reconfiguration constructs a matrix with superior thermal buffering capacity (ΔpH 0.17), which optimizes the thermal reaction kinetic window during roasting. Consequently, BF drives a 3.08-fold surge in esterification flux, significantly increasing the abundance of key fruity markers such as ethyl acetate and ethyl isovalerate. It also enhances the diversity of Maillard products, specifically elevating nutty-associated alkylpyrazines (e.g., 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine). Concurrently, BF improves the thermal stability of bioactive compounds, including 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and trigonelline. Multi-scale molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculations elucidate that BF-derived organic acid–salt complexes exert a ‘pseudo-catalytic effect,’ lowering activation free energy barriers for critical aroma-generating reactions by approximately 8.5 kcal/mol. This study demonstrates high sensory predictability (predictive model R² = 0.98) and provides a quantitative theoretical framework to advance coffee processing from empirical observation to rational flavor design. Full article

The oxidative stability of meat products is a crucial factor determining quality, shelf life, and consumer acceptance, as lipid and protein oxidation promote undesirable changes in sensory attributes and nutritional content. Antioxidant capacity (AOC) assays such as total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS^•+), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•) are commonly applied in meat systems to assess the AOC associated with both intrinsic muscle components (endogenous) and the protective effects of natural ingredients (exogenous added compounds), i.e., antioxidants. Although differences in analytical methodologies limit direct comparisons among studies, it has been demonstrated that meat products inherently contain compounds that modulate oxidative reactions, with their effectiveness influenced by meat type, processing, and storage conditions. Within this framework, natural ingredients, including plant- and fungal-derived ingredients and their by-products, have gained attention as sources of natural antioxidants, whose capacity depends on the extraction method, the solvent used, and their behavior during gastrointestinal digestion, as evaluated using simulated gastrointestinal digestion (sGD) models. Numerous studies have shown that incorporating natural extracts or powders into meat products enhances AOC during refrigerated storage, with the effect generally depending on the concentration used. Moreover, several natural antioxidant treatments maintain or even enhance their AOC when assessed under sGD conditions. Full article

Oxidative stress has emerged as a key factor regulating female fertility, reproductive aging, and the development of various gynecologic and pregnancy-associated diseases. While physiological concentrations of reactive oxygen species play a fundamental role in many aspects of normal reproduction such as folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, implantation, and placental development, abnormal or chronic oxidative stress impairs redox homeostasis and promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, DNA damage, and cellular senescence. Recent research interest has shifted toward next-generation dietary antioxidants, including bioactive polyphenols, carotenoids, micronutrients, and nutraceutical combinations with improved bioavailability and molecular targets. These compounds go beyond classical free-radical scavenging activity and modulate a network of redox-sensitive signaling pathways involved in autophagy, apoptosis, endocrine regulation, and immunological balance. In this review, we integrate current mechanistic advances into a cohesive framework that illustrates the regulation of key cellular processes affecting female reproductive physiology by next-generation dietary antioxidants. We also critically evaluate experimental, translational, and clinical data supporting their role in promoting reproductive outcomes, including oocyte quality, ovarian reserve, pregnancy success, and mitigation of age-related reproductive decline. We highlight their potential in the therapeutic intervention of oxidative stress-related conditions such as infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, early ovarian insufficiency, and menopause-associated disorders. Finally, we discuss the current challenges associated with dosage optimization, bioavailability, long-term safety, and interindividual variability. We conclude by highlighting next-generation dietary antioxidants as a promising, widely available, and non-invasive approach to improve women’s reproductive health and promote fertility throughout their lifespan. Full article

Objectives: Obesity and related metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, represent major global health challenges. Growing interest in complementary strategies has brought propolis, a resinous bee-derived product rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, into focus. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize available in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence regarding the metabolic effects of whole propolis preparations and propolis-derived bioactive compounds in obesity-related contexts. Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR framework and included experimental and human studies evaluating adipogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related outcomes, and gut microbiota modulation. Results: Across preclinical models, propolis preparations have been associated with modulation of antioxidant defenses, attenuation of inflammatory signaling, regulation of adipogenic transcriptional programs, and alterations in gut microbiota composition and barrier integrity. Clinical evidence suggests modest improvements in selected metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers; however, effects on body weight and adiposity remain inconsistent. Interpretation is limited by heterogeneity in propolis type, extraction method, chemical standardization, dosing strategies, and study design. Full article

Background: Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), the superfood of the present era, is widely recognized for its high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, dietary products and by-products derived from different parts of the fruit differ markedly in their biochemical composition, which may influence their nutritional and biological effects. Drosophila melanogaster represents a well-established in vivo model for studying the impact of dietary components on nutritional status, development, and viability under defined nutritional conditions. Methods: Four sea buckthorn-derived matrices—seed flour, seed oil, pulp, and fruit pomace powder—were analyzed for fatty acid, amino acid, polyphenol, and antioxidant contents. Their effects were evaluated in D. melanogaster under zero-nutrient, normal-nutrient, and high-sugar diets, assessing viability and developmental dynamics across various product types and concentrations. Results: Substantial compositional differences were observed between the samples. Seed flour and fruit pomace powder were rich in proteins, essential amino acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins, whereas seed oil predominantly contained fatty acids with limited antioxidant capacity. Consistent with these compositional profiles, diet- and product-specific biological effects were observed. Under zero-nutrient conditions, high concentrations of fruit pomace powder (100 g/L) supported larval and adult viability and resulted in developmental patterns comparable to those observed under a normal-nutrient diet. Under normal-nutrient and high-sugar diets, the matrices modulated development and viability without apparent toxicity, with fruit pomace powder consistently showing the most favorable effects. Conclusions: The biological responses of D. melanogaster are closely linked to the biochemical composition of the matrices and the dietary context. Fruit pomace powder emerged as the most effective product, highlighting its potential as a functional dietary ingredient and a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Full article

Biostimulants represent a sustainable strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, which often exhibit low and variable levels of bioactive compounds. Cannabis sativa, a medicinally important species, produces diverse cannabinoids, such as THC, CBD, CBG, and CBC, whose profiles depend on plant chemotype and determine pharmacological activity. We developed a novel plant-based biostimulant, Tricostimulant™, to optimize cannabinoid production in Cannabis sativa. Field trials demonstrated increased biomass and selective enhancement of cannabinoid content. In high-CBD chemotypes, Tricostimulant™ was associated with higher CBD and CBG without relevant changes in THC levels, whereas in high-THC chemotypes, higher THC values were observed without evident variation in CBD. The most pronounced differences were observed when the biostimulant was applied during the vegetative stage, highlighting the importance of application timing. These results indicate the potential of Tricostimulant™ to modulate cannabinoid profiles, contributing to improved optimization and standardization of cannabis-based therapeutics. Further research is required to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of biostimulant action. Full article

Astragalus is a traditional Chinese medicine that contains various bioactive compounds, which exert antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. This research aimed to investigate the impacts of Astragalus crude extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and intestinal health in weaned piglets. Sixty crossbred weaned piglets at 28 days of age (8.12 ± 0.14 kg) were allocated into three dietary treatments: a control group fed a corn–soybean meal-based diet (CON), an antibiotic group received the basal diet with 1000 mg/kg aureomycin (AN), and a treatment group administered the basal diet with 500 mg/kg Astragalus crude extract (CE), with 5 replicates per group, 4 piglets per replicate. The experimental trial lasted for 28 days. Feed intake and body weight were recorded to evaluate growth performance. Blood, intestine, and liver tissue samples were collected for the analysis of antioxidant capacity and gene expression. Compared to the CON group, supplementation with CE or AN significantly enhanced growth performance and decreased diarrhea incidence on days 0–14, whereas only CE tended to improve crude protein digestibility. Piglets supplemented with AN or CE showed improved antioxidant capacity and immune response relative to the CON group, as evidenced by increased liver and intestinal antioxidant enzyme activities, upregulated intestinal antioxidant gene expression, and enhanced plasma immunoglobulin A levels. Further, the upregulated intestinal tight junction protein expression was observed in CE or AN groups compared with the CON. Notably, dietary CE significantly modulated gut microbiota composition, particularly enriching the genera Blautia, Turicibacter, Agathobacter, and Clostridium. These findings indicate that dietary Astragalus crude extract promotes the gut health of weaned piglets by reducing oxidative stress and modulating gut microbiota composition, thereby decreasing diarrhea incidence and improving growth performance. Full article

Introduction: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a key technique in the characterization of biomaterials, allowing the identification of functional groups and the verification of bioactive compound incorporation in nanostructured systems. In this study, the spectral signature of raw materials used in the formulation of a nanoemulsion with curcumin, sunflower oil, annatto oil, and Cremophor applied in the production of a dressing consisting of a natural latex biomembrane (Hevea brasiliensis) was evaluated. Methodology: FTIR spectra were obtained from isolated raw materials (curcumin, vegetable oils, and Cremophor) and from the curcumin-containing nanoemulsion formulation, aiming to compare their spectral profiles and identify possible chemical interactions. Results: Curcumin showed characteristic bands around 3328–3508 cm⁻¹ (–OH), 1637 cm⁻¹ (C=O and conjugated C=C), and 1505 cm⁻¹ (aromatic ring), confirming its polyphenolic structure. Sunflower oil exhibited an intense peak at 1744 cm⁻¹ (ester carbonyl), associated with its triglyceride composition, while annatto oil showed a band at 1633 cm⁻¹ (conjugated C=O), indicative of bixine and carotenoids. Cremophor presented peaks at 3460 cm⁻¹ (–OH) and 1726 cm⁻¹ (C=O), typical of ethoxylated surfactants. In the curcumin-containing nanoemulsion, the Cremophor spectral profile predominated, but new bands between 1511 and 1637 cm⁻¹, associated with curcumin, confirmed its incorporation into the matrix. Conclusion: The FTIR results confirmed the preservation of the spectral signatures of the raw materials and the successful integration of curcumin into the nanoemulsion, reinforcing its potential for application in biomaterial-based dressings Full article

This study assessed the structural stability and in vitro antioxidant capacity of a cosmetic formulation incorporating sangre de grado extract (Croton lechleri Muell) and vegetable oils from aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.), aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana L.), super sacha inchi (Plukenetia huayllabambana sp. nov.), and sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.), sourced from Peruvian biodiversity. Structural characterization was conducted using Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) on the formulation at the initial time point (ASC T0) and after six months under accelerated stability conditions (ASC T6). Characteristic absorption bands corresponding to carbonyl, ether, and hydroxyl functional groups were observed, confirming the structural integrity of the lipid–polymeric components within the emulsifying system. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays, with IC₅₀ values comparable to those of a commercially available cream. In the DPPH assay, ASC T6 exhibited IC₅₀ of 5744.8571 μg/mL, comparable to a commercial formulation (5641.1585 μg/mL). In the ABTS assay, ASC T0 demonstrated antioxidant activity statistically equivalent (p > 0.05) to that of the commercial cream, with IC₅₀ values of 410.2358 and 420.2202 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the preservation of antioxidant activity is attributed to the structural integrity of the formulated system, which stabilized and retained synergistic interactions of the antioxidants. Future studies should explore the incorporation of additional antioxidants and include in vivo instrumental assessments of stability and efficacy. Full article

Onosma sintenisii Hausskn. ex Bornm. is an endemic species of Türkiye whose phytochemical composition and biological activities remain insufficiently characterized at the organ level. The present study aimed to investigate organ-specific phenolic profiles and associated antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of O. sintenisii. Ultrasonic-assisted methanolic extracts obtained from flowers, leaves, stems, and roots were analyzed using validated LC–ESI–MS/MS, and their biological potential was evaluated through multiple in vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation) as well as enzyme inhibition tests against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. The results revealed pronounced organ-dependent variation in both phenolic composition and bioactivity. Rosmarinic acid was identified as the major phenolic compound in all organs, with the highest concentration detected in root extracts, which also exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity and the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition. Flavonoid glycosides were predominantly accumulated in aerial parts. Correlation analysis demonstrated that hydroxycinnamic acids, particularly rosmarinic acid, are the main contributors to antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. These findings indicate that O. sintenisii, especially its roots, represents a promising natural source of multifunctional phenolic compounds with potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Full article

Lupine seeds are not consumed directly because they are bitter. Therefore, differences in the phytochemical, lipidomic, and bioactive properties of bitter and sweetened lupine seeds were revealed using analytical and chromatographic methods. In this study, influence of ultrasound treatment time on extraction efficiency, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, fatty acid and phytochemical profile of bitter and sweet lupine (Lupinus spp.) seeds was investigated. The oil quantities of the bitter and sweet lupine seeds were specified to be between 8.60% (control) and 9.90% (5 and 10 min) to 11.0% (25 min) and 13.00% (5 min), respectively. The total phenolic content of bitter lupine seeds ranged from 124.32 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g (15 min) to 142.0 mg GAE/100 g (control), while sweet lupine seeds ranged from 4.21 to 6.61 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. Total flavonoids in bitter seeds varied between 35.00 mg/100 g (control) and 52.30 mg/100 g (15 min), whereas sweet seeds contained between 5.00 and 9.92 mg/100 g. Gallic acid, catechin and kaempferol were detected as the predominant phenolic compounds in sweet and bitter lupine seeds. Oleic acid quantities of bitter and sweet lupine oils were demonstrated to be between 36.78% (25 min) and 52.47% (15 min) to between 55.89% (15 min) and 56.69%, respectively. The phenolic compound amounts of bitter lupine were slightly higher than those of sweet lupine seeds. The highest phenolic compounds detected in both lupine seeds were catechin, kaempferol and rutin. As the sonication time increased, the amount of linoleic acid in bitter lupine oil became higher than in the control sample. In contrast, sweet lupine oil showed a slight decrease in linoleic acid content compared to its control. Full article

Kombucha, a fermented tea beverage celebrated for its unique flavor and health-promoting properties, is traditionally produced from sugared tea and a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). In this study, Nashi pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) pomace, a nutrient-rich by-product of juice processing, was explored as a novel substrate for kombucha production, combining sustainability with functional innovation. Beverages were prepared using black tea or pear pomace with varying sugar concentrations (3%, 5%, 7% w/v) and fermented for six days at 22 °C. Physicochemical parameters, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, color, and microbial populations were systematically analyzed. Pomace-based kombucha exhibited higher initial pH (4.3–4.7) and higher initial titratable acidity compared to tea-based variants (pH 3.4–3.6). These values stabilized at 3.6–3.8 by the end of fermentation, ensuring safety while preserving bioactive stability. While tea kombucha had higher polyphenol content (943.81–967.74 mg GAE/100 mL) and antioxidant activity (52.22–99.87% DPPH scavenging), pear pomace kombucha offered moderate bioactivity (up to 435.13 mg GAE/100 mL and 33.52% DPPH scavenging) and distinctive color (significantly higher b* value reaching 42.7), along with robust microbial growth. The results demonstrate that Nashi pear pomace can serve as a functional, eco-friendly alternative substrate, transforming fruit processing waste into a value-added beverage with enhanced health-promoting properties. This approach highlights a sustainable pathway for circular economy practices in food production and introduces a promising direction for innovative kombucha formulations. Full article

Dragon plants is a specific term for a group of species whose names refer to “dragon”, such as dragon’s blood or dragon fruit, combining exotic origins with interesting biological properties. The aim of the study was to analyse and compare the cosmetic potential of dragon fruit—pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) and dragon tree resin (Dracaena draco), known as dragon’s blood. This article presents the botanical characteristics of both raw materials, their chemical composition, and the most important bioactive compounds. A review of cosmetic properties was conducted, such as antioxidant, moisturizing, regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and colouring effects. The results of the analysis indicate that dragon fruit provides easily accessible and mild active substances, making it suitable for use in a wide range of skincare products. Dragon’s blood exhibits stronger and more targeted biological activity, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties; however, its use is limited by the low availability of the raw material and species protection. The conclusions emphasize the complementarity of the two ingredients. Pitaya serves as a preventive and care raw material, while dragon’s blood can be treated as an exclusive ingredient in specialized preparations and dermocosmetics. The article utilized the available literature, mostly from the past five years. Valuable examples of articles on this topic from 1998 to 2020 were also identified. The main literature source was Google Scholar. Full article

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, especially in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), underscores the need for alternative therapies from natural sources. This study investigated the chemical composition, antibacterial activity, and gene expression modulation of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oils. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 91 compounds, with naphthalene (23.90%), guaiol (12.92%), caryophyllene oxide (9.69%), D-limonene 98% (8.59%), and gamma terpinene (7.54%) among the most abundant. In Silico molecular docking against MRSA virulence proteins revealed that alloaromadendrene had the strongest binding to toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) (−7.948 kcal/mol), suggesting high inhibitory potential, while cyclohexane showed weak binding with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) (−3.532 kcal/mol). Antibacterial assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition, with the zones ranging from 6.33 ± 0.33 mm to 16.67 ± 0.88 mm. MIC and MBC values ranged from 1.56 to 12.5% and 3.13 to 25%, respectively, with most isolates showing bactericidal effects (MBC/MIC ≤ 2). Gene expression analysis of MRSA isolate 4 indicated that sea was moderately upregulated (FC = 1.44), while sec remained unchanged (FC = 1.02). In contrast, fnbA (FC = 0.72), seb (FC = 0.33), and mecA (FC = 0.23) genes were downregulated, and the tsst-1 gene (FC = 0.05) was nearly silent. These findings highlight M. cajuputi essential oils as a promising candidate with both antibacterial efficacy and regulatory effects on MRSA virulence genes. Full article