How soil is used affects its production characteristics in the future. Under ARD (Apple Replant Disease) conditions, replanted soil’s physical, chemical and biological properties deteriorate. Their improvement is possible through, for example,...
Early diagnosis and accurate identification of apple tree leaf diseases (ATLDs) can control the spread of infection, to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improve the yield and quality of apple, and maintain the healthy developmen...
Aiming to accurately identify apple targets and achieve segmentation and the extraction of branch and trunk areas of apple trees, providing visual guidance for a picking robot to actively adjust its posture to avoid branch trunks for obstacle avoidan...
Electronic canopy characterization is an important issue in tree crop management. Ultrasonic and optical sensors are the most used for this purpose. The objective of this work was to assess the performance of an ultrasonic sensor under laboratory and...
The high nutritional and medicinal value of apples has contributed to their widespread cultivation worldwide. Unfavorable factors in the healthy growth of trees and extensive orchard work are threatening the profitability of apples. This study review...
The determination of diameter at breast height (DBH) is critical in forestry, serving as a key metric for deriving various parameters, including tree volume. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology has been increasingly employed in forest inve...
Partitioning soil water balance (SWB) is an effective approach for deciphering the impacts of vegetation change on soil hydrological processes. Growing apple trees on the Loess Plateau, China, leads to a substantial deep soil water deficit, posing a...
High-quality nursery stock ensures the dynamic development of orchard crops. The most desirable by orchardists is a tree with a strongly developed crown, which makes it possible to shorten the investment period of newly planted orchards. The quality...
Improving the speed and accuracy of chlorophyll (Ch1) content prediction in different light areas of apple trees is a central priority for understanding the growth response to light intensity and in turn increasing the primary production of apples. I...
In apple cultivation, spatial information about phenotypic characteristics of tree walls would be beneficial for precise orchard management. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can collect 3D structural information of ground surface objects at high resol...
Accurate nitrogen fertilizer management determines the yield and quality of fruit trees, but there is a lack of multispectral UAV-based nitrogen fertilizer monitoring technology for orchards. Therefore, in this study, a field experiment was conducted...
Apple tree productivity is influenced by the quantity of water and nutrients that are supplied during planting. To enhance resource utilization efficiency and optimize yields, a suitable strategy for supplying water and nitrogen must be established....
The thermal decomposition of wood chips from an apple tree is studied in a static air atmosphere under isothermal conditions. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, the values of the apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor are 34 &plu...
The objective of this study was to study the structure and physicochemical properties of biochar derived from apple tree branches (ATBs), whose valorization is crucial for the sustainable development of the apple industry. ATBs were collected from ap...
The soil-borne apple replant disease (ARD) is caused by biotic agents and affected by abiotic properties. There is evidence for the interrelation of the soil fungal population and soil aggregate structure. The aim of this study conducted between Marc...
The foliar application of micronutrients can improve primary nutrient uptake. As a result, foliar treatments can reduce fertilizer application rates and help to maintain the natural health of soil. Here, we report on the tentative implementation of t...
Apples are known to be a rich source of phenolic compounds, however detailed studies about their content in the individual parts of apple trees are reported rarely. For this purpose, we tested various stationary phases for the determination of phenol...
Mulching is a sustainable agronomic practice that can improve soil quality and fruit characteristics in crops. This study investigated the influence of sheep wool mulch and a soil conditioner on growth, the accumulation of bioactive compounds, and so...
Efficient pest control in orchards is crucial for preserving crop quality and maximizing yield. A key factor in optimizing automated variable-rate spraying is accurate tree canopy size estimation, which helps reduce pesticide overuse while minimizing...
The Loess Plateau, known for its fragile ecosystems, is one of the traditional apple-producing regions in China. Although some management measures are needed to enhance sustainable agriculture in response to the rising pressure of climate change, the...
Contemporary trends in horticulture are aimed at limiting the use of mineral fertilizers to the necessary minimum, which is to guarantee adequate profitability of production while maintaining high-quality fruit and at the same time preventing environ...
Apple trees (Malus domestica Borgh) are a rich source of dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Considering the increasing demand for these phytochemicals with health-benefitting properties, the objective of this study was to evaluate the p...
The total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration is an important indicator of the growth period and health of fruit trees. Remote sensing can be applied to monitor the TNC concentration in crops in a non-destructive manner. In this study, hyp...
When new apple cultivars are planted, knowledge of their maturation and ripening behavior and, as a consequence, the best time for their harvest is of utmost importance for providing fruits of the highest quality to consumers. In this study, we follo...
The chlorophyll content is an important index reflecting the growth status and nutritional level of plants. The rapid, accurate and nondestructive monitoring of the SPAD content of apple trees can provide a basis for large-scale monitoring and scient...
Herein, the development of an estimation model to measure the chlorophyll (Ch) and macronutrients, such as the total nitrogen (T-N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), carbon (C), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), in apples is detailed, using key band ra...
Modern apple orchard systems should guarantee homogeneity of fruit internal and external qualities and fruit maturity parameters. However, when orchards reach productive age, a variation of these parameters takes place and mostly it is related to une...
There is no report on the effect of the length of Jizhen 2 interstock on the growth and fruit quality of Tianhong 2 apple trees, which are usually grown in Baoding, Hebei Province, China. We surveyed the tree size, branch types, fruit set, fruit qual...
To address suboptimal throughput performance in conventional intelligent apple harvesting systems predominantly employing single manipulators, a dual-arm harvesting robot prototype was engineered. Leveraging the AUBO-i5 manipulator framework and kine...
The experiment aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using high doses of nitrogen (N) and delaying the sowing of living mulch in the apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard as factors stimulating tree growth and influencing fruit quality. Blue f...
The apple tree (Malus × domestica Borkh.) belongs to the Rosaceae. Due to its adaptability and tolerance to different soil and climatic conditions, it is cultivated worldwide for fresh consumption. The priorities of apple growers are high-quali...
One of the most important factors affecting photosynthesis and metabolism is light absorbance by leaves and penetration through the canopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of planting density and tree development stages on photosy...
The columnar apple cultivar ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ was discovered as a spontaneous mutant from the top of a ‘McIntosh’ tree in the early 1960s. ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ exhibits the columnar growth phenotype: compact and sturd...
In the last decade, a sporadic tree health syndrome affecting high-density apple plantings in North America has become known as Rapid Apple Decline (RAD) or Sudden Apple Decline (SAD). The affected apple trees were typically grafted on small dwarfing...
Biochar application can enhance soil health and alter soil bacterial community structure. However, knowledge relating to biochar on soil nutrients of mountainous apple orchards and then assessing its effect on soil health, especially on soil microorg...
Using agricultural gypsum promotes nutrient descent and generates a less aggressive environment for roots, favoring their development and better use of water and nutrients. However, studies on apple trees are scarce, and there is no official recommen...
Low temperature is an abiotic stress factor limiting the distribution of fruit tree cultivation areas. As temperate deciduous fruit trees, apple (Malus domestica) trees go dormant in the winter to adapt to or avoid damage caused by low temperatures....
The aim of the study was to compare the antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in extracts prepared from freeze-dried leaves of three apple cultivars: Ligol, Gala, and Gloster, using different solvents and extraction methods. The content of tota...
Both mycorrhizal and Trichoderma spp. fungi are known for antagonistic effects against certain biological pathogens causing apple replant disease (ARD). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the bioinoculants based on endomycorrhiz...
Pruning branches of apple trees is a labor-intensive task. Pruning robots can save manpower and reduce costs. A full map of the apple orchard with collision-free paths, which is navigation planning, is essential. To improve the navigation efficiency...
In a three-year experiment (2019–2021), the roots of 7-year-old apple trees (Malus domestica cv. ‘Red Jonaprince’) grown under drip irrigation were studied. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of irrigation on root dens...
There is a vast diversity of historic heirloom apple varieties around the world. Apples of various colors, sizes, tastes, uses, and ripening times can be found. In Slovakia, there has recently been a rising interest to preserve these apple varieties....
Apple, which occupies the first position in the world with regard to its yield, is an important economic crop in China. Pruning of apple trees is still dominated by manual pruning, resulting in high labor costs and low efficiency. Additionally, there...
Light plays a crucial role in the growth of fruit trees, influencing not only nutrient absorption but also fruit appearance. Therefore, understanding fruit tree canopy light transmittance is essential for agricultural and forestry practices. However,...
This research aimed to evaluate the occurrence of three significant pests, namely the apple ermine moth (Y. malinellus Zell.), the rosebush leaf roller (A. rosana L.), and the hawthorn leaf roller (C. crataegana Hb.), commonly found in Sievers apple...
Potassium (K) is an essential mineral element that supports numerous plant processes, including photosynthesis, enzyme activation, osmoregulation, and nutrient balance. This study investigated how K deficiency impacts growth, physiological performanc...
Phlorizin is a plant-derived molecule with relevant anti-diabetic activity, making this compound a potential functional component in nutraceutical formulations for the management of glycemia. It is noteworthy that promising sources for the extraction...
Pruning is labor-intensive and increases production costs, while mechanical pruning offers a promising alternative. However, research on its effectiveness remains limited. To address this gap, we evaluated the effects of mechanical pruning over two c...
Leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) is one of the most important factors affecting photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen status, both of which influence crop harvest. However, the development of rapid and nondestructive methods for leaf chlorophyll estimat...
(1) Background: Since early yield prediction is relevant for resource requirements of harvesting and marketing in the whole fruit industry, this paper presents a new approach of using image analysis and tree canopy features to predict early yield wit...
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