Accurate modeling and partitioning of forest evapotranspiration (ET) are essential for understanding water cycle processes in forest ecosystems. This study develops an improved three-source ET model by integrating a physically based canopy intercepti...
The interferometric imaging radar altimeter (InIRA) aboard the Chinese Tiangong-2 space laboratory is the first spaceborne imaging radar working at low incidence angles. This study focuses on the retrieval of significant wave heights (SWHs) from InIR...
Calculating the significant wave height (SWH) in a given location as a function of the return time is an essential tool of coastal and ocean engineering; such a calculation can be carried out by making use of the now widely available weather and wave...
The modeling and partitioning of regional evapotranspiration (ET) are key issues in global hydrological and ecological research. We incorporated a stomatal conductance model and a light-use efficiency-based gross primary productivity (GPP) model into...
In recent years, wave energy has gained attention for its sustainability and cleanliness. As one of the most important parameters of wave energy, significant wave height (SWH) is difficult to accurately predict due to complex ocean conditions and the...
Accurate prediction of significant wave height (SWH) is central to coastal ocean dynamics, wave–climate assessment, and operational marine forecasting, yet many high-performing machine-learning (ML) models remain opaque and weakly connected to...
The retrieval of global significant wave height (SWH) data is crucial for maritime navigation, aquaculture safety, and oceanographic research. Leveraging the high temporal resolution and spatial coverage of Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System...
In order to investigate the impact of utilizing multiple pieces of polarization information on the performance of significant wave height (SWH) estimation from Gaofen-3 SAR data, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models were developed, validate...
Deep learning methods have excellent prospects for application in wave forecasting research. This study employed the convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM) algorithm to predict the South China Sea (SCS) significant wave height (SWH). Three prediction models w...
Significant wave height (SWH) prediction plays an important role in marine engineering areas such as fishery, exploration, power generation, and ocean transportation. For long-term forecasting of a specific location, classical numerical model wave he...
Nowadays, spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has become a powerful tool for providing significant wave height (SWH). Traditionally, validation of SAR derived SWH has been carried out against buoy measurements or model outputs, which only yield...
The interferometric imaging radar altimeter (InIRA) adopts a short baseline along with small incidence angles to acquire interferometric signals from the sea surface with high accuracy, thus the wide-swath sea surface height (SSH) and backscattering...
Long-term high-resolution spatial gridded altimeter-derived significant wave height (SWH) data with daily temporal resolution are fundamental to revealing the detailed processes through which weather systems influence the ocean. However, elucidation...
The significant wave height (SWH) of oceans is the main parameter in describing the sea state, which has been widely used in the establishment of ocean process models and the field of navigation and transportation. However, traditional methods such a...
In Taiwan, the coastal hazard from typhoon-induced storm waves poses a greater threat to human life and infrastructure than storm surges. Therefore, there has been increased interest in assessing the storm wave hazard levels for the nearshore waters...
The acquisition of significant wave height (SWH) in coastal seas is significantly important to human activities. The Gaofen-3 (GF-3) satellites, comprising GF-3, GF-3B and GF-3C, are independently developed operational SAR of China, capable of provid...
Integrating a solar water heater (SWH) with a phase change material (PCM)-based latent heat storage is an attractive method for transferring load from peak to off-peak hours. This transferring load varies as the physical parameters of the PCM change....
Super Typhoons Maria (2018) and Lekima (2019) were adopted for this case study, although they only passed the northern offshore waters of Taiwan without making landfall. A direct modification technique was employed to create the atmospheric condition...
HY2B is now the latest altimetry mission that provides global nadir significant wave height (SWH) and sea surface wind speed. The validation and calibration of HY2B are carried out against National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy observations from April...
Using the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) global high-resolution elevation measurements, it is possible to distinguish individual surface ocean waves. With the vast majority of ocean surveying missions using radar satellites, IC...
In this paper, a calibration algorithm for forecasting the significant wave height (SWH) in nearshore areas is proposed, based on artificial neural networks. The algorithm has two features: first, it is based on SOM−BRFnn (self−organizing...
Though the ocean is sparsely populated by buoys that feature co-located instruments to measure surface winds and waves, their data is of vital importance. However, due to either minor instrumentation failure or maintenance, intermittency can be a pro...
Empirical algorithms have become the mainstream of significant wave height (SWH) retrieval from synthetic aperture radar (SAR). But the plentiful features from multi-polarizations make the selection of input for the empirical model a problem. Therefo...
Significant wave height (SWH) is one of the most important descriptors for ocean wave fields. The polynomial regression (PolR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) models are implemented to explore the effects of polarization and incidence angles on...
Significant wave height (SWH) is of great importance in industries such as ocean engineering, marine resource development, shipping and transportation. Haiyang-2C (HY-2C), the second operational satellite in China’s ocean dynamics exploration series,...
The use of solar water heaters (SWH) in both residential and commercial facilities is one of the possible ways to reduce electricity bills and the release of greenhouse gases (GHG). This study assessed the technical, economic, and environmental perfo...
Predicting sea wave parameters such as significant wave height (SWH) has recently been identified as a critical requirement for maritime security and economy. Earth observation satellite missions have resulted in a massive rise in marine data volume...
Significant Wave Height (SWH) is a crucial parameter in oceanographic research, essential for understanding various marine and atmospheric processes. Traditional methods for obtaining SWH, such as ship-based and buoy measurements, face limitations li...
Significant wave height (SWH) is a key physical parameter influencing the safety of shipping, fisheries, and marine engineering projects, and is closely related to climate change and marine disasters. Existing models struggle to balance a high predic...
Significant Wave Height (SWH) is a crucial parameter in ocean wave dynamics, impacting coastal safety, maritime transportation, and meteorological research. Building upon the TimesNet neural network, a recent advancement in the realm of time series p...
Typhoons cause significant losses and pose substantial threats every year, with an increasing trend observed in recent years. This study evaluates significant wave height (SWH) hindcasts for typhoons affecting Taiwan using optimized wind field config...
Significant wave height (SWH) is a key parameter for monitoring the state of waves. Accurate and long-term SWH forecasting is significant to maritime shipping and coastal engineering. This study proposes a transformer model based on an attention mech...
In this study, Version 5.16 of the WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) model is used to simulate parameters of typhoon-generated wave fields in the Western North Pacific Ocean during the period 1998–2017. From a database of more than 300 typhoons, typhoon trac...
Compared to conventional pulse-limited altimeters (i.e., low-resolution mode, LRM), the synthetic aperture radar (SAR, i.e., high-resolution mode, HRM) altimeter offers superior precision and along-track resolution abilities. However, because the SAR...
Accurate wave prediction can help avoid disasters. In this study, the significant wave height (SWH) prediction performances of the recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory network (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit network (GRU) were comp...
Significant wave height (SWH) prediction is crucial for marine safety and navigation. A slow failure particle swarm optimization for long short-term memory (SFPSO-LSTM) is proposed to enhance SWH prediction accuracy. This study utilizes data from fou...
Several aspects of global climate change, e.g., the rise of sea level and water temperature anomalies, suggest the advantages of studying wave distributions. In this study, WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) (version 6.07), which is a well-known numerical wave mode...
Using numerical model outputs as a bridge, an indirect validation method for remote sensing data was developed to increase the number of effective collocations between remote sensing data to be validated and reference data. The underlying idea for th...
Since the launch of CFOSAT on 29 October 2018, more than three years of observational data of ocean wave spectra with a frequency range of 0.02–0.26 Hz and a horizontal resolution of 70–90 km have been obtained. This study compares wave s...
The Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) launched by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) has operated at C-band since September 2016. To date, we have collected 16/42 images in vertical-vertical (VV)/horizontal-horizontal (...
Satellite altimetry is a unique system that provides repeated observations of significant wave height (SWH) globally, but its measurements could be contaminated by lands, slicks, or calm water with smooth surface. In this study, capability of subwave...
An ocean surface wave retrieval algorithm, Parameterized First-guess Spectrum Method (PFSM), which was initially developed for C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), is modified to extract wave parameters from X-band TerraSAR-X (TS-X) images. Wave pa...
Accurate observation of nearshore waves is crucial for coastal safety. In this study, the feasibility of extracting wave information from wave video images captured by shore-based cameras using deep learning methods was explored, focusing on invertin...
Significant wave height (SWH) is a fundamental parameter for ocean engineering, maritime safety, and climate studies. Although spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wave mode observations provide global, all-weather coverage, accurate SWH retriev...
Under global climate change, the characteristics of oceanic dynamics are gradually beginning to change due to melting sea ice. This study focused on inter-annual variation in waves and mesoscale eddies (radius > 40 km) in the Arctic Ocean from 199...
The accurate prediction of significant wave height (SWH) offers major safety improvements for coastal and ocean engineering applications. However, the significant wave height phenomenon is nonlinear and nonstationary, which makes any prediction work...
The recurrence of extreme wind waves in the Kara Sea strongly influences the Arctic climate change. The period 2000–2010 is characterized by significant climate warming, a reduction of the sea ice in the Arctic. The main motivation of this research t...
Currently, GNSS reflectometry based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has become an established tool in ocean remote sensing. Here, the distance between an antenna and the water surface is measured by analyzing the oscillation of the SNR observation...
Estimating reflector heights at stationary GNSS sites with interferometric reflectometry (IR) is a well-established technique in ocean remote sensing. Additionally, IR offers the possibility to estimate the significant wave height (SWH) with a linear...
This study evaluates the accuracy of ERA5 10-m wind speed and significant wave height (SWH) using one-year hourly observations from 16 buoys in the Bohai and Yellow Seas. ERA5 agrees closely with the buoys (wind: Bias 0.04 m/s, root-mean-square error...
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