For accurate urban planning, three-dimensional (3D) building models with a high level of detail (LOD) must be developed. However, most large-scale 3D building models are limited to a low LOD of 1–2, as the creation of higher LOD models requires...
In this study, a hierarchical method for segmenting buildings in a digital surface model (DSM), which is used in a novel framework for 3D reconstruction, is proposed. Most 3D reconstructions of buildings are model-based. However, the limitations of t...
Complex 3D building models, because of their huge data volume, almost always result in transmission congestion, which leads to poor user experience. To reduce the real-time transmission pressure, a novel view-dependent progressive transmission method...
Simplification of 3D building models is an important way to improve rendering efficiency. When existing algorithms are directly applied to simplify multi-component models, generally composed of independent components with strong topological dependenc...
With rapid urbanization, highly accurate and semantically rich virtualization of building assets in 3D become more critical for supporting various applications, including urban planning, emergency response and location-based services. Many research e...
To tackle problems such as the destruction of topological structures and the loss of detailed features in the simplification of 3D building models, we propose a 3D building model simplification algorithm that considers detailed features and topologic...
New planning tools are required to depict the complete building stock in a city and investigate detailed measures on reaching local and global targets to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To pursue this objective, ISO (th...
Simplifying 3D building models, effectively reducing model complexity and improving mapping efficiency, is an important part of 3D GIS. In order to address the problem that the simplification basis considered by most 3D building model data compressio...
The level of detail (LoD) concept in CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), which indicates how closely the model mirrors its real-world counterpart, has been accepted and applied widely in various applications, including the 3D modeling of buildi...
A high-fidelity 3D urban building model requires large quantities of detailed textures, which can be non-tiled or tiled ones. The fast loading and rendering of these models remain challenges in web-based large-scale 3D city visualization. The traditi...
Large-scale WebGIS visualization of 3D building models is often constrained by large requested payloads, client-side memory pressure, and runtime state-parsing overhead. This study proposes a five-dimensional orthogonal decoupling framework and a 16-...
Three-dimensional (3D) building models are essential for urban planning, spatial analysis, and virtual simulations. However, most reconstruction methods based on Airborne LiDAR Scanning (ALS) rely primarily on rooftop information, often resulting in...
A city is a dynamic entity, which environment is continuously changing over time. Accordingly, its virtual city models also need to be regularly updated to support accurate model-based decisions for various applications, including urban planning, eme...
Three-dimensional city models play an important role for a large number of applications in urban environments, and thus it is of high interest to create them automatically, accurately and in a cost-effective manner. This paper presents a new methodol...
At Ordnance Survey, GB, we have taken an incremental approach to creating our 3D geospatial database. Research at Ordnance Survey has focused not only on methods for deriving 3D data, but also on the needs of the user in terms of the actual tasks the...
This paper presents a model-based approach for reconstructing 3D polyhedral building models from aerial images. The proposed approach exploits some geometric and photometric properties resulting from the perspective projection of planar structures. D...
The development of autonomous navigation systems requires digital building models at the LoD3 level. Buildings with atypically shaped features, such as turrets, domes, and chimneys, should be selected as landmark objects in these systems. The aim of...
This paper proposes a novel rigorous transformation model for 2D-3D registration to address the difficult problem of obtaining a sufficient number of well-distributed ground control points (GCPs) in urban areas with tall buildings. The proposed model...
Recent advances in the availability of very high-resolution (VHR) satellite data together with efficient data acquisition and large area coverage have led to an upward trend in their applications for automatic 3-D building model reconstruction which...
Several tasks in urban and architectural design are today undertaken in a geospatial context. Building Information Models (BIM) and geospatial technologies offer 3D data models that provide information about buildings and the surrounding environment....
Due to the façade visibility, intuitive expression, and multi-view redundancy, oblique photogrammetry can provide optional data for large-scale urban LoD-2 reconstruction. However, the inherent noise in oblique photogrammetric point cloud resu...
Progressive encoding and transmission, i.e., a crucial technical foundation of 3D Web Geographic Information Systems (WebGIS), addresses the contradiction between massive 3D building data and limited network transmission capacity. Most progressive en...
This research is primarily focused on utilizing available airborne LiDAR data and spatial data from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) database to generate 3D models of buildings for a large-scale urban area. The city center of Ljubljana, Slovenia, was selected...
Digital surface models (DSMs) derived from high-resolution satellite imagery often contain mismatches, voids, and coarse building geometry, limiting their suitability for accurate and standardized 3D reconstruction. The scarcity of finely annotated s...
This paper provides the innovative approach of using a spatial extract, transform, load (ETL) solution for 3D building modelling, based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetric point cloud. The main objective of the paper is to present the...
This paper presents an innovative approach to the automatic modeling of buildings composed of rotational surfaces, based exclusively on airborne LiDAR point clouds. The proposed approach starts by detecting the gravity center of the building’s...
One of the key problems facing the construction industry concerns the requirement to integrate sustainability criteria that effectively reduce the environmental impact throughout the lifecycles of buildings. For this, it is necessary to use digital t...
Landmark building models typically exhibit intricate structures, posing challenges for retrieval using generic descriptors. To address this challenge, this paper abstracts and simplifies the model into simple topological structures grounded in topolo...
A 3D building model retrieval method using airborne LiDAR point clouds as input queries is introduced. Based on the concept of data reuse, available building models in the Internet that have geometric shapes similar to a user-specified point cloud qu...
Recent advances in laser scanning systems have enabled the acquisition of 3D point cloud representations of scenes, revolutionizing the fields of Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC). This paper presents a novel pipeline for the automati...
Indoor maps lay the foundation for most indoor location-based services (LBS). Building Information Modeling (BIM) data contains multiple dimensional computer-aided design information. Some studies have utilized BIM data to automatically extract 3D in...
The aim of the paper is to identify a suitable method for the construction of a 3D city model from stereo satellite imagery. In order to reach this goal, it is necessary to build a workflow consisting of three main steps: (1) Increasing the geometric...
Energy efficiency has become a crucial focus with the growing attention on sustainable development and decreasing energy consumption in the built environment. Different construction methods are being applied worldwide, such as conventional, modular,...
Building individualization is a critical preprocessing step for refined applications of oblique photogrammetry 3D models, yet existing semantic segmentation methods encounter accuracy bottlenecks when applied to ultra-high-resolution orthophotos. To...
Achieving lightweight representations of building mesh models with accurate geometry and fine structural details is a key challenge in urban 3D modelling. Most existing mesh simplification methods focus on minimizing geometric error while neglecting...
Detecting buildings in the surroundings of an urban vehicle and matching them to building models available on map services is an emerging trend in robotics localization for urban vehicles. In this paper, we present a novel technique, which improves a...
The Saudi construction industry is going through a process of acclimatizing to a shifting fiscal environment. Due to recent fluctuations in oil prices, the Saudi construction sector decided to adjust to current trade-market demands and rigorous const...
The creation of as-built Building Information Models requires the acquisition of the as-is state of existing buildings. Laser scanners are widely used to achieve this goal since they permit to collect information about object geometry in form of poin...
This paper presents a methodology for correcting geometric and topological errors, specifically addressing fragmented and disconnected components in buildings (FDCB) in 3D models intended for urban digital twin (UDT). The proposed two-stage approach...
Oblique photogrammetry-based 3D modeling is widely used for large-scale urban reconstruction. However, textures generated with photogrammetric techniques often exhibit scattered and irregular characteristics, which lead to significant challenges with...
Extracting building outlines from 3D models poses significant challenges stemming from the intricate diversity of structures and the complexity of urban scenes. Current techniques heavily rely on human expertise and involve repetitive, labor-intensiv...
This article examines the potential of low-cost LiDAR technology for 3D modeling and assessment of the degradation of historic buildings, using a section of the Koszalin city walls in Poland as a case study. Traditional terrestrial laser scanning (TL...
The recent popularization of airborne lidar scanners has provided a steady source of point cloud datasets containing the altitudes of bare earth surface and vegetation features as well as man-made structures. In contrast to terrestrial lidar, which p...
This paper presents an implemented methodology to convert highly detailed building information models (BIMs) into geospatial 3D city models (Geos) at multiple levels of detail (LoDs). As BIM models contain highly detailed and complex geometries that...
Research on cultural heritage conservation has shifted from emphasizing the digital information process with the advantages of “precision” and “visualization” in the early stage to focusing on the development of “realistic” and “highly experiential”...
Trace lines on the outcrop of a rock mass are usually the primary data source for the estimation of rock structure. It is important to obtain the data of trace lines precisely. Photogrammetry is well suited to finish this task. However, this is mainl...
3D virtual management is a topic of growing interest. The AEC industry is undergoing a real revolution because of the technological changes that are taking place. Synchronized 3D visualization is one of the tools being deployed at an accelerated pace...
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are widely used in low-cost photogrammetry. Even small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) can deliver valuable data for the inventory of inaccessible and dangerous areas or objects. The acquisition of data for 3D object mode...
The use of point clouds in architecture and civil engineering has, to date, been limited almost exclusively to functional geometric features. Nevertheless, hardly any works have attempted to process and explore 3D thermal models for buildings. This p...
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques are increasingly used to obtain 3D representations of buildings due to the broad range of applications for 3D city models related to sustainability, efficiency and resilience (i.e., energy demand estim...
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