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Advanced Materials & Methods for Heritage & Archaeology (Second Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Materials Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2025 | Viewed by 3128

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
CNR-ISPC (Institute of Heritage Science), 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: cultural heritage; stone materials; chemical-mineralogical, petrophysical, and mechanical characterization; archaeometric study; durability and mechanisms of decay; diagnosis and research of correlations between DT and NDT; products and methods for stone conservation
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Guest Editor
CNR-SPIN (SuPerconducting and Other INnovative Materials and Devices Institute), 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
Interests: nanomaterials; multifunctional coatings; durability of polymers; construction materials; stone conservation; cultural heritage; eco-efficient materials for sustainable constructions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue intends to provide an international, open-access forum for archeologists and scientists with different scientific backgrounds who share a common interest in developing and applying advanced materials and methods to archeology and heritage research, namely in the context of heritage science. Heritage science is an interdisciplinary research domain that is rapidly expanding. It crosses over the arts, humanities and sciences to address the study of cultural heritage in terms of enhanced understanding and preservation, as well as sustainable use and management. Significant advances in heritage-related research come from the increasing contribution of scientific disciplines such as chemistry, physics, mechanics, engineering and computer science to the analysis and investigation of cultural heritage assets.

Throughout the years, many analytical techniques have been well developed for cultural heritage studies, and nowadays, a large spectrum of advanced technologies, especially material technologies, can be applied to archeology and heritage buildings. These technologies are able to respond to archeometric issues (e.g., dating, provenancing and attribution), as well as to better understand material behavior under the exposure contexts, in order to support conservation interventions and preventive strategies. For example, a variety of spectroscopic techniques, e.g., Raman, X-ray fluorescence or absorption, high-resolution GC-MS, etc., are applied at an increasing rate to investigate organic/inorganic materials of archeological objects or artworks like ceramics, potteries, glasses, organic and inorganic pigments, and their degradation products, binding media, varnishes, conservation treatments, etc. Many of the current available analytical techniques allow investigations to be carried out non-destructive or micro-destructive ways, often allowing the digital mapping of the investigated parameters; they have also been implemented in portable configurations, making non-invasive investigations in situ possible. On the other hand, thanks to new material technologies, advanced coatings for the protection of stone materials have been developed.

We welcome the submission of original manuscripts including but not limited to the following topics:

  • Investigation of raw materials and production methods of past technologies, such as ceramics, potteries, painted plasters and ancient marble artifacts, etc.;
  • Characterization of building surface finishing levels or patinas;
  • Analysis of residues in archeological remains;
  • Non-destructive or micro-destructive analyses of cultural heritage materials such as stones, mortars and plasters, ancient ceramics, potteries, glasses and wall paintings;
  • Integrated investigations and analyses of materials’ behavior in relation to aging and decay affecting the artifacts through time;
  • Identification of surface conservation treatments used in past decades and their residual characteristics and performance;
  • Heritage building protection to face climate changes and urban pollution effects.

Manuscripts about the development and applications of innovative stone-surface-coating materials or products for consolidation, as well as advanced technologies on the monitoring and protection of heritage buildings, are also especially welcome.

Dr. Angela Calia
Dr. Mariateresa Lettieri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • archeology and heritage buildings
  • material characterization
  • non-destructive or micro-destructive analysis of cultural heritage stone, marbles, plasters, ceramics, potteries and glasses
  • non-destructive techniques for surface characterization
  • residue analysis
  • investigation of raw materials and production methods of ancient technologies
  • investigation of weathering effects
  • material conservation technologies
  • heritage building protection
  • monitoring technologies

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 5756 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Sources of Silver in 17th- and 18th-Century Silver Coins from the Rooswijk Shipwreck by Compositional Studies
by Francesca Gherardi and Jan Pelsdonk
Materials 2025, 18(5), 925; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18050925 - 20 Feb 2025
Viewed by 457
Abstract
The colonisation of the Americas and the discovery of its rich ores had a great impact on the world economies, making them quickly become the main suppliers of precious metals in Europe. The compositional studies of several coins (ducatons, eight reales cob8, four [...] Read more.
The colonisation of the Americas and the discovery of its rich ores had a great impact on the world economies, making them quickly become the main suppliers of precious metals in Europe. The compositional studies of several coins (ducatons, eight reales cob8, four reales cob4, eight reales pillar dollar, four reales half pillar dollars, rijderschellings and silver rijders) recovered from the 18th-century Dutch East India Company Rooswijk wreck by micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) spectroscopy revealed further knowledge about the silver trade and the silver sources used to produce coins in mints in the Low Countries over a wide timeframe (1618–1739). The results provided trace elemental ‘fingerprints’ of coins minted with silver from known mines, and matching against them revealed the silver sources used in coins, whose mint location could not be identified due to their poor state of preservation. This study proved that, despite the decrease in silver production in European mines in the 17th century and the huge influx of American silver into Europe, in the 18th century, the mints in the Dutch Republic and, to a lesser extent, in the Spanish Netherlands still highly relied on the recycling of older coins and on the import of silver from central European mines. Full article
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26 pages, 21893 KiB  
Article
An Example of Using Low-Cost LiDAR Technology for 3D Modeling and Assessment of Degradation of Heritage Structures and Buildings
by Piotr Kędziorski, Marcin Jagoda, Paweł Tysiąc and Jacek Katzer
Materials 2024, 17(22), 5445; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17225445 - 7 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1032
Abstract
This article examines the potential of low-cost LiDAR technology for 3D modeling and assessment of the degradation of historic buildings, using a section of the Koszalin city walls in Poland as a case study. Traditional terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) offers high accuracy but [...] Read more.
This article examines the potential of low-cost LiDAR technology for 3D modeling and assessment of the degradation of historic buildings, using a section of the Koszalin city walls in Poland as a case study. Traditional terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) offers high accuracy but is expensive. The study assessed whether more accessible LiDAR options, such as those integrated with mobile devices such as the Apple iPad Pro, can serve as viable alternatives. This study was conducted in two phases—first assessing measurement accuracy and then assessing degradation detection—using tools such as the FreeScan Combo scanner and the Z+F 5016 IMAGER TLS. The results show that, while low-cost LiDAR is suitable for small-scale documentation, its accuracy decreases for larger, complex structures compared to TLS. Despite these limitations, this study suggests that low-cost LiDAR can reduce costs and improve access to heritage conservation, although further development of mobile applications is recommended. Full article
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13 pages, 16956 KiB  
Article
A Study on Pigment Composition of Buddhist Cave Paintings Based on Hyperspectral Technology
by Xiang Shi, Xiaogang Lin, Yu Lei, Jinyu Wu, Xiao Lv and Yong Zhou
Materials 2024, 17(21), 5147; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17215147 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 967
Abstract
The value of the Buddhist cave lies not only in the Buddha statues but also in the surface painting. Hyperspectral imaging technology, as an emerging and effective method for component identification, offers a non-contact and non-destructive approach to the preservation and restoration of [...] Read more.
The value of the Buddhist cave lies not only in the Buddha statues but also in the surface painting. Hyperspectral imaging technology, as an emerging and effective method for component identification, offers a non-contact and non-destructive approach to the preservation and restoration of oil paintings. This study employed hyperspectral cameras to capture common pigments on the surfaces of Buddhist caves. Then, the results were processed and used as a database to identify the paintings. Additionally, a series of experiments were conducted to examine the impact of binder, substrate types, and pigment sizes on the reflectance spectrum of the paints. The Spectral Angle Matching (SAM) algorithm was then used to analyze the Yuanjue Cave and Qiqushan Stone Carvings of the Tang Dynasty in China. The findings revealed that the position of absorption peaks in the reflectance spectra is not significantly influenced by the substrate but is affected by the binder. Moreover, the absorption depth varies regularly with particle size. Furthermore, the spectral matching results demonstrate that components can be accurately identified even for similar colors. Based on the pigment distribution, the study also inferred specific details of ancient paintings, including the painting steps and hidden information in the manuscript layout. These findings hold significant implications for the restoration of representative surface paintings of the Tang Dynasty Buddhist cave, providing a reference for the selection of restoration materials and methods. Full article
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