160,511 Results Found

Background: Three-Dimensional Virtual Planning (3DVP) has been proven to be effective for limiting intra-articular screw penetration and improving the quality of reduction for numerous fractures. However, the value of 3DVP for patients with tibial pl...

Recent advances in autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) display systems have led to innovations in consumer electronics and vehicle systems (e.g., head-up displays). However, medical images with stereoscopic depth provided by 3D displays have yet...

State of the art three-dimensional atomic force microscopes (3D-AFM) cannot measure three spatial dimensions separately from each other. A 3D-AFM-head with true 3D-probing capabilities is presented in this paper. It detects the so-called 3D-Nanoprobe...

Clay is of great interest as a 3D printing material thanks to its ease of use, recyclability and reusability. This paper analyses the technical aspects of the whole printing process. The behaviour of 3D printing clay is studied with respect to the en...

Holographic display has the potential to be utilized in many 3D application scenarios because it provides all the depth cues that human eyes can perceive. However, the shortage of 3D content has limited the application of holographic 3D displays. To...

With the increase of three-dimensional (3D) printing applications in many areas of life, a large amount of 3D printing data is copied, shared, and used several times without any permission from the original providers. Therefore, copyright protection...

This paper addresses the problem of removing 3D effects as one of the most challenging problems related to 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring of embankment structures. When processing 2D ERT monitoring data measured along linear pr...

Additive manufacturing, commonly referred to as 3D printing, is a technology that builds three-dimensional structures and components layer by layer. Bioprinting is the use of 3D printing technology to fabricate tissue constructs for regenerative medi...

With rapid population growth, there is an increasing demand for vertical use of space. The wide spread of complex and high-rise buildings, as well as the increasing number of infrastructure above or underground, requires new methods for efficient man...

Intelligent video analysis tools have advanced significantly, with numerous cameras installed in various locations to enhance security and monitor unusual events. However, the effective detection and monitoring of violent incidents often depend on ma...

Virtual 3D city models act as valuable central information hubs supporting many aspects of cities, from management to planning and simulation. However, we noted that 3D city models are still underexploited and believe that this is partly due to ineff...

A three-dimensional (3D) skeletonization algorithm extracts the skeleton of a 3D model and provides it for many applications, such as 3D model classification and identification. There are three major skeletonization methodologies used in the literatu...

In the world of clinic treatments, 3D-printed tissue constructs have emerged as a less invasive treatment method for various ailments. Printing processes, scaffold and scaffold free materials, cells used, and imaging for analysis are all factors that...

With the development of 3D printing, weapons are easily printed without any restriction from the production managers. Therefore, anti-3D weapon model detection is necessary issue in safe 3D printing to prevent the printing of 3D weapon models. In thi...

Many software packages are designed to process 3D geometric data, although very few are designed to deal with 3D thermal models of buildings over time. The software 3D Temporal Thermal Analysis (3D-TTA) has been created in order to visualize, explore...

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a new paradigm in customized manufacturing and allows the fabrication of complex structures that are difficult to realize with other conventional methods. Four-dimensional (4D) printing adds active, responsive funct...

In contrast with photorealistic visualizations, urban landscape applications, and building information system (BIM), 3D volumetric presentations highlight specific calculations and applications of 3D building elements for 3D city planning and 3D cada...

In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of parasitic coupling effects between different electrodes for a 3D Sequential Integration circuit example comprising stacked devices. More specifically, this study is performed for a Back-Side Illuminate...

Recent development of methodologies based on digital twins through 3D scanning and 3D printing has increased over the past decade, offering new possibilities in manufacturing, production and scaling of models’ applications. However, there are f...

Despite the remarkable progress in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their instability and rapid degradation over time still restrict their commercialization. A 2D capping layer has been proved to overcome the stability issues; however, an in-depth unde...

In this paper, a modified 3D multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is proposed for joint estimation of range, azimuth, and elevation angles of K-band radar with a small 2 × 2 horn antenna array. Three channels of the 2 × 2 horn...

Medical thermography provides an overview of the human body with two-dimensional (2D) information that assists the identification of temperature changes, based on the analysis of surface distribution. However, this approach lacks spatial depth inform...

The importance of landscape and heritage recording and documentation with optical remote sensing sensors is well recognized at international level. The continuous development of new sensors, data capture methodologies and multi-resolution 3D represen...

Biometrics have been used to identify humans since the 19th century. Over time, these biometrics became 3D. The main reason for this was the growing need for more features in the images to create more reliable identification models. This work is a co...

Instance segmentation and object detection are significant problems in the fields of computer vision and robotics. We address those problems by proposing a novel object segmentation and detection system. First, we detect 2D objects based on RGB, dept...

2D and 3D computer vision systems are frequently being used in automated production to detect and determine the position of objects. Accuracy is important in the production industry, and computer vision systems require structured environments to func...

Optical 3D scanning applications are increasingly used in various medical fields. Setups involving multiple adjustable systems require repeated extrinsic calibration between patients. Existing calibration solutions are either not applicable to the me...

Increasing urbanisation has inevitably led to the continuous construction of buildings. Urban expansion and densification processes reshape cities and, in particular, the third dimension (3D), thus calling for a technical shift from 2D to 3D for prop...

Three-dimensional (3D) object detection is an important research in 3D computer vision with significant applications in many fields, such as automatic driving, robotics, and human–computer interaction. However, the low precision is an urgent pr...

Three-dimensional (3D) microelectrodes used for processing 3D microstructures in micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) can be readily prepared by laminated object manufacturing (LOM). However, the microelectrode surface always appears with...

An object is 3D centro-symmetrical if the object can be segmented into two halves and the relationship between them can be represented by a combination of reflection about a plane and a rotation through 180° about an axis that is normal to the pl...

The 3D printing process lacks real-time inspection, which is still an open-loop manufacturing process, and the molding accuracy is low. Based on the 3D reconstruction theory of machine vision, in order to meet the applicability requirements of 3D pri...

Symmetry has been shown to be a very effective a priori constraint in solving a 3D shape recovery problem. Symmetry is useful in 3D recovery because it is a form of redundancy. There are, however, some fundamental limits to the effectiveness of symme...

Considerable progress has been made in the prediction methods of 3D structures of RNAs. In contrast, no such methods are available for DNAs. The determination of 3D structures of the latter is also increasingly needed for understanding their function...

An infrared photodetector is a critical component that detects, identifies, and tracks complex targets in a detection system. Infrared photodetectors based on 3D bulk materials are widely applied in national defense, military, communications, and ast...

In seismic data acquisition, data loss can occur, particularly with the use of streamer systems in marine seismic exploration. These systems often cause spatial aliasing problems by having close inline intervals and wide crossline intervals to maximi...

Accurate segmentation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in CT scans is crucial for disease assessment, treatment planning, and surgical navigation. It also facilitates the advanced computational modeling of airflow dynamics and enhances endos...

Three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNNs) have gained popularity in many complicated computer vision applications. Many customized accelerators based on FPGAs are proposed for 2D CNNs, while very few are for 3D CNNs. Three-D CNNs are...

The 3D reconstruction of real-world heritage objects using either a laser scanner or 3D modelling software is typically expensive and requires a high level of expertise. Image-based 3D modelling software, on the other hand, offers a cheaper alternati...

Background/Objectives: The segmentation of three-dimensional radiological images constitutes a fundamental task in medical image processing for isolating tumors from complex datasets in computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Precise visua...

Additive manufacturing technologies are becoming more popular in various industries, including the construction industry. Currently, construction 3D printing is sufficiently well studied from an academic point of view, leading towards the transition...

The paper is devoted to further development of an accelerated method for simulation of the two-dimensional surface waves at infinite depth with the use of a two-dimensional model derived with simplifications of the three-dimensional equations for pot...

This work addresses the problem of automatic head pose estimation and its application in 3D gaze estimation using low quality RGB-D sensors without any subject cooperation or manual intervention. The previous works on 3D head pose estimation using RG...

An image fusion method has been proposed for plant images taken using a two-dimensional (2D) camera and three-dimensional (3D) portable lidar for obtaining a 3D distribution of physiological and biochemical plant properties. In this method, a 2D mult...

In recent years, 2D materials have been implemented in several applications due to their unique and unprecedented properties. Several examples can be named, from the very first, graphene, to transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs, e.g., MoS₂), two-di...

Semantic 3D maps are required for various applications including robot navigation and surveying, and their importance has significantly increased. Generally, existing studies on semantic mapping were camera-based approaches that could not be operated...

The three-dimensional (3D) symmetry shape plays a critical role in the reconstruction and recognition of 3D objects under occlusion or partial viewpoint observation. Symmetry structure prior is particularly useful in recovering missing or unseen part...

We discuss 1D, 2D and 3D bifurcation diagrams of two nonlinear dynamical systems: an electric arc system having both chaotic and periodic steady-state responses and a cytosolic calcium system with both periodic/chaotic and constant steady-state outpu...

In the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, creating an indoor model of existing buildings has been a challenging task since the introduction of building information modeling (BIM). Because the process of BIM is primarily manua...

As core infrastructure of power transmission networks, power towers require high-precision 3D models, which are critical for intelligent inspection and digital twin applications of power transmission lines. Traditional reconstruction methods, such as...