Asthma is an important respiratory illness. Though pharmacological and biological treatment is well established and is staged according to endotypes and their responses to treatment, novel avenues are being explored. Our focus is complement. In this...
The complement system has demonstrated roles in regulating tumor growth, although these may differ between tumor types. The current study used two murine breast cancer models (EMT6 and 4T1) to investigate whether pharmacological targeting of receptor...
Sertoli cells within the testis are instrumental in providing an environment for spermatogenesis and protecting the developing germ cells from detrimental immune responses which could affect fertility. Though these immune responses consist of many im...
The complement cascade is a vital system in the human body’s defense against pathogens. During the natural aging process, it has been observed that this system is imperative for ensuring the integrity and homeostasis of the retina. While this s...
The mammalian complement system constitutes a highly sophisticated body defense machinery. The evolutionary origin of the complement system can be traced to Coelenterata as the presence of the central component C3 and two activation proteases BF and...
The complement system is an assembly of proteins that collectively participate in the functions of the healthy and diseased brain. The complement system plays an important role in the maintenance of uninjured (healthy) brain homeostasis, contributing...
Epidermal keratinocyte-derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer with high mortality rates in the advanced stage. Chronic inflammation is a recognized risk factor for cSCC progression and the complemen...
Unconjugated anti-cancer IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) activate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by natural killer (NK) cells and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages, and these activities are thought to b...
The complement system includes soluble and cell surface proteins and is an important arm of the innate immune system. Once activated, the complement system rapidly generates proteins with inflammatory and vasoactive activities. Although complement is...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. The role of complement in the development of AMD is now well-established. While some studies show evidence of complement dysregulation withi...
Disseminated human Lyme borreliosis is primarily associated with invasive spirochetes from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. Host–Borrelia interactions have been studied in a diverse range of vertebrate reservoirs. But despite the ke...
Adenovirus (AdV) infection elicits a strong immune response with the production of neutralizing antibodies and opsonization by complement and coagulation factors. One anti-hexon neutralizing antibody, called 9C12, is known to activate the complement...
Human complement receptor 1 (CR1) is a membrane-bound regulator of complement that has been the subject of recent attempts to generate soluble therapeutic compounds comprising different fragments of its extracellular domain. This review will focus on...
Therapeutic bacteriophages (phages) are primarily chosen based on their in vitro bacteriolytic activity. Although anti-phage antibodies are known to inhibit phage infection, the influence of other immune system components is less well known. An impor...
Oxidative stress-induced damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and chronic inflammation have been suggested as major contributors to a range of retinal diseases. Here, we examined the effects of oxidative stress on endogenous complement comp...
Unconjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies. These targeted drugs can activate innate immune cytotoxicity for therapeutic benefit. mAb activation of the complement cascade results in complement-de...
Systemic inflammation is thought to underlie many of the metabolic manifestations of cachexia in cancer patients. The complement system is an important component of innate immunity that has been shown to contribute to metabolic inflammation. We hypot...
Complement system inhibitors are emerging as promising therapies in nephrology, particularly for diseases where complement dysregulation is central to pathogenesis. This review summarizes the role of complement activation in kidney diseases and curre...
The complement system is a key component of innate immunity, responsible for mediating the rapid clearance of pathogens and coordinating adaptive immune responses. Although complement activation is essential for effective infection control and preven...
Defective complement activation has been associated with various types of kidney disease. This led to the hypothesis that specific urine complement fragments may be associated with kidney disease etiologies, and disease progression may be reflected b...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of vision loss among the elderly in the Western world. The complement system has been identified as one of the main AMD disease pathways. We performed a comprehensive expression analysis of 32 c...
Invasive fungal infections constitute a substantial global health burden, with invasive candidiasis representing approximately 70% of reported cases worldwide. The emergence of antifungal resistance among Candida species has further exacerbated this...
Myasthenia gravis is an antibody-mediated autoimmune condition characterized by defects in cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction. In AchR antibody-positive patients, complement activation plays a prominent role in the disease process...
The complement system is an innate immune surveillance network that provides defense against microorganisms and clearance of immune complexes and cellular debris and bridges innate and adaptive immunity. In the context of autoimmune disease, activati...
The functions of the complement system to both innate and adaptive immunity through opsonization, cell lysis, and inflammatory activities are well known. In contrast, the role of complement in the central nervous system (CNS) which extends beyond imm...
Two semi-quantitative, Luminex-based, single-antigen bead (SAB) assays are available to detect anti-HLA antibodies and evaluate their reactivity with complement binding. Sera from 97 patients with positive panel reactive antibody tests (>5%) were...
The immune system is essential to protect organisms from internal and external threats. The rapidly acting, non-specific innate immune system includes complement, which initiates an inflammatory cascade and can form pores in the membranes of target c...
As a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis larvae, alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is one of the most severe forms of parasitic infection. Over a long evolutional process E. multilocularis has developed complex strategies to escape host...
The complement system is an important part of innate immunity. Despite its known protective role, the complement system may contribute to increased inflammation and tissue injury in cases where its balanced activation is disrupted. The kidneys have b...
Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of approximately 15 months despite maximal multimodal therapy. The complement system plays a paradoxical dual role...
The development of nanocarriers (NC) for biomedical applications has gained large interest due to their potential to co-deliver drugs in a cell-type-targeting manner. However, depending on their surface characteristics, NC accumulate serum factors, t...
Complement activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many vasculitic syndromes such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides. Using an array-based multiplex system, we simultaneously quantified serum and CSF...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness affecting the elderly in the Western world. The most severe form of AMD, wet AMD (wAMD), is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and acute vision loss. The curren...
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition that can be caused by a heterogeneous group of diseases, often affecting the brain and kidneys. TMAs should be classified according to etiology to indicate targets...
Preterm birth and the neonatal pathological sequelae that follow spontaneous preterm labor are closely associated with maternal and fetal inflammatory activation. Previous studies have indicated a role for the complement system in this inflammatory r...
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth most fatal cancer in the world. Immunotherapy has already achieved modest results in the treatment of liver cancer. Meanwhile, the novel and optimal combinatorial strategies need further res...
Complement pathway proteins are reported to be increased in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and may be affected by obesity and insulin resistance. To investigate this, a proteomic analysis of the complement system was undertaken, including inhibitor...
The complement system plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory responses in kidney transplantation, potentially contributing to early decline in kidney function. Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is among the factors affecting graft...
South Africa is the epicentre of the global HIV pandemic, with 13.9% of its population infected. Preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, is often comorbid with HIV infection, leading to multi-organ dysfunction and convulsions. The ex...
The complement system and neutrophils play crucial roles in innate immunity. Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are composed of decondensed DNA entangled with granular contents, as part of their innate immune function. M...
The complement system (CS) includes more than 50 proteins and its main function is to recognize and protect against foreign or damaged molecular components. Other homeostatic functions of CS are the elimination of apoptotic debris, neurological devel...
The complement system is an important component of transplant rejection. Sertoli cells, an immune regulatory testicular cell, survive long-term when transplanted across immunological barriers; thus, understanding the mechanisms behind this unique sur...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial disease characterized in its late form by neovascularization (wet type) or geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium cell layer (dry type). The complement system is an intr...
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are not only cytotoxic towards host pathogens or cancer cells but also are able to act as immunomodulators. It was shown that some human and non-human AMPs can interact with complement proteins and thereby modulate compl...
Heme oxygenase has been implicated in the regulation of various immune responses including complement activation. Using a transgenic rat model of HO-1 depletion, the present study assessed the effect of HO-1 absence on the expression of complement re...
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers. Current therapeutic strategies allow temporary control of the disease, but most patients develop resistance to treatment. Moreover, although successful in a range of solid tumors, immuno...
Inflammation-induced coagulopathy is a common complication associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aim to evaluate the association of NETosis and complement markers with each other as well as their association with thrombogenicity and...
The complement system orchestrates a multi-faceted immune response to the invading pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Macrophages engulf the mycobacterial bacilli through bacterial cell surface proteins or secrete proteins, which activate the comp...
Antibodies capable of activating the complement system (CS) when bound with antigen are referred to as “complement-fixing antibodies” and are involved in protection against Flaviviruses. A complement-fixing antibody test has been used in the past to...
The complement system is an important branch of the humoral innate immune response that can be activated via three distinct pathways (classical, alternative, lectin), contributing to keeping/restoring homeostasis. It can also interact with cellular i...
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