Constituent of innate immunity, complement is present in the tumor microenvironment. The functions of complement include clearance of pathogens and maintenance of homeostasis, and as such could contribute to an anti-tumoral role in the context of cer...
Viruses require a host for replication and survival and hence are subjected to host immunological pressures. The complement system, a crucial first response of the host immune system, is effective in targeting viruses and virus-infected cells, and bo...
The complement cascade is part of the innate immune system whose actions protect hosts from pathogens. Recent research shows complement involvement in a wide spectrum of renal disease pathogenesis including antibody-related glomerulopathies and non-a...
Human application of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), enzymes, as well as contrast media and many other particulate drugs and agents referred to as “nanomedicines”, can initiate pseudoallergic hypersensitivity reactions, also known as infusion reactions...
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The complement system plays a key role in myasthenia gravis (MG). Anti-complement drugs are emerging as effective therapies to treat anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive MG patients, though their usage is still limited by the high cos...
Originally discovered in the 1890s, the complement system has traditionally been viewed as a “compliment” to the body’s innate and adaptive immune response. However, emerging data have shown that the complement system is a much more...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease of immune complex deposition; therefore, complement plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of SLE. In general, complement levels in blood and complement deposition in histological tests are used for the...
The link of the complement system to angiogenesis has remained circumstantial and speculative for several years. Perhaps the most clinically relevant example of possible involvement of complement in pathological neovascularization is age-related macu...
Kidney transplantation is the therapy of choice for patients who suffer from end-stage renal diseases. Despite improvements in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive treatments, long-term graft survival remains a challenge. A large body of evidenc...
The complement system is a pivotal component of innate immunity, extensively studied in vertebrates but also present in invertebrates. This study explores the existence of a terminal complement pathway in the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri, aiming to...
Postsurgical thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Still, the pathophysiological underlying mechanism of postsurgical TMA, a diagnosis often overlooked in postoperative patients with a...
Background/Objectives: Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay of clinical cancer therapy that causes broad immune responses. The complement system is a pivotal effector mechanism in the innate immune response, but the impact of RT is less well understood. T...
Complement factor I (CFI), a complement inhibitor, is well known for regulating the complement system activation by degrading complement component 3b (C3b) in animal serum, thus becoming involved in innate defense. Nevertheless, the functional mechan...
Although it was long believed that the complement system helps the body to identify and remove transformed cells, it is now clear that complement activation contributes to carcinogenesis and can also help tumors to escape immune-elimination. Compleme...
The complement system is a vital component of innate immunity. Besides its roles in pathogen defense, its significance in neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration, and cancer progression is beginning to be recognized. We performed a comprehensive literatu...
The presence of complement activation products at sites of pathology in post-mortem Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains is well known. Recent evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), combined with the demonstration that complement acti...
Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by damage to the optic nerve that results in irreversible vision loss. While the exact pathology of glaucoma is not well understood, emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of th...
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with a typical onset occurring during adolescence or young adulthood. The heterogeneity of the disorder complicates our understanding of the pathophysiology. Reduced cortical synaptic densities are commonly obs...
Complement overactivation has been reported in most patients with Barraquer–Simons syndrome (BSS), a rare form of acquired partial lipodystrophy. Complement Factor D (FD) is a serine protease with a crucial role in the activation of the alternative p...
Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by recurrent symptoms in response to a wide range of external stimuli, including allergens, viral infections, and air pollution together with internal host-derived danger signa...
Complement factor B (CFB) is a crucial component for the activation of the alternative pathway due to the formation of the C3 convertase with C3b, which further produces C3b to enhance the overall complement activity. Although Cfb is expressed not on...
Primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure for which there is no disease-specific treatment. However, this could change, since novel therapeutic approaches are currently being assessed in clinical t...
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare and potentially life-threatening hematologic disorder caused by a somatic mutation in a relevant portion of hematopoietic stem cells. Mutation of the phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class A...
The nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a viral structural protein that is abundant in the circulation of infected individuals. Previous published studies reported controversial data about the r...
Precision medicine has emerged as a central element of healthcare science. Complement, a component of innate immunity known for centuries, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous incurable neurological diseases, emerging as a potential...
Cardiac inflammation and hypertrophy develop as a pathologic response to an array of insults, such as myocardial infarctions, chronic systemic hypertension, and valvular defects. Due to the high prevalence of such conditions, there is an increasing n...
Podocytes are critical for maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier and are injured in many renal diseases, especially proteinuric kidney diseases. Recently, reports suggested that podocytes are among the renal cells that synthesize complement c...
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient component of innate immunity that serves as an important first line of defense against pathogens, including viruses. In response to infection, the complement system can be activated by three distinct...
In recent years, our knowledge of the complement system beyond innate immunity has progressed significantly. A modern understanding is that the complement system has a multifaceted role in malignancy, impacting carcinogenesis, the acquisition of a me...
Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia characterized by problems with short-term memory, cognition, and difficulties with activities of daily living. It is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. The complement system is an ancient part o...
Background: Chronic inflammation is an important driver in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and atherosclerosis. The complement system, one of the first lines of defense in innate immunity, has been implicated in both diseases....
The complement system represents a crucial part of innate immunity. It contains a diverse range of soluble activators, membrane-bound receptors, and regulators. Its principal function is to eliminate pathogens via activation of three distinct pathway...
Ixodes scapularis is a blood-feeding obligate ectoparasite responsible for transmitting the Lyme disease (LD) agent, Borrelia burgdorferi. During the feeding process, I. scapularis injects B. burgdorferi into the host along with its saliva, facilitat...
Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is the most common vertically transmitted viral infection, and it affects 1 in 200 live births worldwide. While neonates are often asymptomatic at birth, congenital HCMV infection can result in long-t...
The complement system is a part of the innate immune system that viruses need to face during infections. Many viruses incorporate cellular regulators of complement activation (RCA) to block complement pathways and our prior work has shown that Parain...
Background. The complement C1r and C1s proteases initiate the classical complement pathway within the C1 complex, but emerging evidence points to additional roles in tissues, including cell-intrinsic functions linked to cancer and connective tissue d...
The complement system is the primary defense mechanism against pathogens, acting through opsonization, the membrane attack complex, and classical, lectin, or alternative pathways. These pathways result in the production of key complement components,...
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 causes multi-organ dysfunction with significant morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence implicates maladaptive over-activation of innate immune pathways such as the complement cascade as well as endothelial dysfunct...
The complement system is a part of the immune system and consists of multiple complement components with biological functions such as defense against pathogens and immunomodulation. The complement system has three activation pathways: the classical p...
The complement system exerts crucial functions both in innate immune responses and adaptive humoral immunity. This pivotal system plays a major role dealing with pathogen invasions including protozoan parasites. Different pathogens including parasite...
The nephrotic syndrome holds significant clinical importance and is characterized by a substantial protein loss in the urine. Damage to the glomerular basement membrane or podocytes frequently underlies renal protein loss. There is an increasing beli...
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) gathers consumptive thrombocytopenia, mechanical haemolytic anemia, and organ damage. Hemolytic uremic syndromes (HUS) are historically classified as primary or secondary to another disease once thrombotic thrombocyto...
The therapeutic efficacy of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies in breast cancer has traditionally been attributed to direct inhibition of signaling and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Recent evidence, however, has established complement...
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease causing significant health and economic burdens globally. The dengue virus (DENV) comprises four serotypes (DENV1-4). Usually, the primary infection is asymptomatic or causes mild dengue fever (DF), while seco...
This study examines the
Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), the most common cause of dementia, and a huge global health challenge, is a neurodegenerative disease of uncertain aetiology. To deliver effective diagnostics and therapeutics, understanding the molecular basis...
Aging is a complex degenerative process characterized by the accumulation of molecular damage and a heightened susceptibility to disease. The oxidative stress theory of aging identifies endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) as primary drivers of t...
Various synthetic biomaterials are used to replace lost or damaged bone tissue that, more or less successfully, osseointegrate into the bone environment. Almost all biomaterials used in orthopedic medicine activate the host-immune system to a certain...
A central part of the complement system, the anaphylatoxin C5a was investigated in this study to learn its effects on tenocytes in respect to understanding the potential expression of other crucial complement factors and pro-inflammatory mediators in...
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