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Announcements
29 September 2026
Tu Youyou Award—Final Call for Nominations
The nomination deadline for the Tu Youyou Award is approaching. Researchers are encouraged to submit nominations by 31 October 2026 (UTC-12).
The Tu Youyou Award recognizes outstanding researchers whose work has made significant contributions to natural products chemistry and medicinal chemistry, advancing scientific innovation and human health. It is named after Nobel laureate Tu Youyou, whose discovery of artemisinin has saved millions of lives.
The current award committee is chaired by Prof. Dr. William Gerwick, a Distinguished Professor at the University of California San Diego, USA, and a renowned expert in marine natural products chemistry and pharmacology. Under his leadership, the committee will evaluate nominations and recognize impactful research achievements in the related fields.
Prize:
- CHF 100,000
- A medal
- A certificate
The monetary prize will be shared equally should there be multiple recipients.
Who may be nominated?
- Scientists with outstanding achievements and contributions in the fields of natural products chemistry and medicinal chemistry.
Nominees must be individuals; team or group nominations are not permitted. Nominations are valid only for the current award cycle.
Who may submit a nomination?
- The director of the nominee’s host research institution or a recognized scientist within the field.
Self-nominations will not be considered.
Nomination materials:
- A biographical sketch
- A detailed description of the nominee’s contributions
- 5–10 representative academic publications
- A list of academic honors, awards, and funded projects
- A nomination letter signed by two nominators
How to submit?
Submit your nomination by 31 October 2026 via: https://tuyouyouprize.org/nomination/form.
For further information, please visit the Tu Youyou Award website. For any inquiries, please contact the Tu Youyou Award Team at tuyouyouaward@mdpi.com.
3 April 2026
Meet Us Virtually at the 10th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences, 24–27 November 2026
We cordially invite you to attend the 10th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences organized by MDPI Water (ISSN: 2073-4441; IF 3.5). It will take place virtually from 24 to 27 November 2026.
Conference Chairs:
- Prof. Dr. Athanasios Loukas, Department of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Prof. Dr. Yijun Xu, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, USA.
The Topics of Interest include the following:
S1. Hydrological/Hydraulic Processes and Modelling;
S2. Urban Water Modelling and Management;
S3. Rivers and Lakes—Water Quality, Nutrient Enrichment, and Pollutant Transport;
S4. Water Resources Management, Policy, and Governance;
S5. Extreme Hydrometeorological Events: Sources, Mitigation, and Adaptation;
S6. Ecohydrological Approaches and Ecosystems Conservancy—Water–Food–Energy Ecosystem Nexus;
S7. Remote Sensing, Artificial Intelligence, and New Technologies in Water Sciences;
S8. Wastewater Treatment and Reuse;
S9. Agricultural Water Systems;
S10. Groundwater Systems Modelling, Analysis, and Vulnerability—Quantity and Quality Issues.
Important dates:
Abstract submission deadline: 11 September 2026;
Abstract acceptance notification: 2 October 2026;
Early bird registration deadline: 30 October 2026;
Covering author registration deadline: 30 October 2026;
Registration deadline: 18 November 2026.
Guide for authors:
To submit your abstract, please click on the following link: https://sciforum.net/user/submission/create/1797.
To register for the event, please click on the following link:
https://sciforum.net/event/ECWS-10?section=#registration.
For details regarding abstract submission, poster and slide submission, and publication opportunities, you may refer to the “Instructions for Authors” section: https://sciforum.net/event/ECWS-10?section=#instructions.
For any enquiries regarding the event, please contact ecws@mdpi.com.
We look forward to seeing you at the 10th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences.
29 September 2026
Meet Us at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Annual Meeting 2026 (AGU26), 7–11 December 2026, San Francisco, CA, USA
We are pleased to announce that MDPI will be participating as an exhibitor at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Annual Meeting 2026, which will be held from 7 to 11 December 2026 in San Francisco, CA, USA.
AGU26 is the world’s largest premier scientific gathering for Earth and space sciences, with the official theme being “Where Science Connects”. More than 25,000 participants from over 100 countries will attend this conference, including researchers, policymakers, students and industry professionals. The meeting spans a broad spectrum of disciplines such as climate science, global water cycle, cryosphere, oceanography, geology, seismology, planetary science, remote sensing, Earth system modelling and environmental sustainability, featuring plenaries, keynotes, union interdisciplinary sessions, oral presentations, poster sessions, workshops and town halls. Thus, AGU26 serves as a global hub for sharing cutting-edge findings, building international collaborations and advancing discovery and solution science across the Earth and space science community.
As part of our commitment to supporting high-quality research in these fields, MDPI is proud to sponsor the event through the participation of the following journals:
- Remote Sensing;
- Water;
- Air;
- Atmosphere;
- Hydrology;
- Land;
- Meteorology;
- Minerals;
- World;
- Coasts;
- Environments;
- GeoHazards;
- Geomatics;
- Glacies;
- Mining;
- Oceans;
- Quaternary;
- Biosphere;
- Earth;
- Stratigraphy and Sedimentology;
- Geosciences.
Our editorial team will be available on site and would be delighted to meet with attendees. Should you attend the conference, do not hesitate to stop by our booth to learn more about our open access publishing opportunities, ongoing Special Issues, and the ways in which we support researchers in advancing their work.
We cordially invite you to participate in this momentous meeting and look forward to meeting you in San Francisco!
25 September 2026
Water | Issue Cover Articles Published in the First Half of 2026
The following articles were selected as cover articles of Water (ISSN 2073-4441) in the first half of 2026. These papers cover multiple areas within the journal’s scope, and we hope they will provide useful insights and references for researchers in related fields.
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1. “Compound River Floods and Sea Storms: Forcings and Impacts” Cover story: Coastal areas are strategically significant from ecological, anthropic, and economic perspectives, but they are also susceptible to forces that cause inundations. Multiple forcings occurring in close succession in both space and time amplify the effects of a single force, forming a compound event. One example is an atmospheric disturbance that extends from the sea to the mainland, causing a sea storm and a river flood due to heavy rainfall, such as that which occurred in 2015 in Calabria, Southern Italy. This paper focuses on compound river floods and sea storms generated by atmospheric disturbances regardless of their exceptional or nontypical typology. The analysis includes their forcings, correlation, and effects, and is carried out in Calabria, which is an interesting case study due to its peculiarities, which favor the formation of compound events and increase their risk. |
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2. “Enhancing Osmotic Power Generation and Water Conservation with High-Performance Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membranes for the Mining Industry” Cover story: This cover highlights the development of a high-performance thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane for pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) using treated real gold mining wastewater. By incorporating functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) into the support layer and applying polydopamine (PDA) surface coating, the membrane exhibits enhanced hydrophilicity, water flux, and power density, enabling stable PRO operation following ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) pretreatment. The results underline the potential of advanced membrane design to support sustainable water management and clean energy recovery in mining operations. |
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3. “Climate Change and Thermal Dynamics of the Lake Sevan Basin (Armenia): Observational Insights and Future Projections” Cover story: The Sevan basin is a large intermontane region bordered by the Geghama, Vardenis, Pambak, Areguni, Sevan, and Zangezur mountain ranges. Over half of the basin lies within the 2000–2600 m altitude zone. Its high altitude strongly influences the climatic conditions of Lake Sevan. Analyzing air temperature variability is crucial for predicting seasonal changes in water temperature, ice cover, and lake stratification. The continental climate and mountainous topography further amplify Armenia's vulnerability to climate change. The unique topography of Lake Sevan, along with its large surface area and high altitude, creates microclimatic zones where temperatures can vary substantially, which is essential for developing effective climate adaptation strategies and for gaining valuable insights into how climate change is reshaping seasonal cycles. |
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4. “Dynamic Structuring of Water at Mesoscopic Length Scales in the Presence of Moderate High-Voltage Fields” Cover story: The observation of Raman sidebands of the vibrational states in water in electrohydrodynamic water bridges can be satisfactorily explained by the presence of dynamically ordered mesoscopic water domains forming under moderate high-voltage fields. These physicochemical signatures demonstrate that electrically stressed water can exhibit collective behaviour distinct from bulk water, with potential relevance for interfacial processes and water-treatment technologies. |
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5. “Evaluation of Pressure Retarded Osmosis for Energy Generation from Mine Water” Cover story: This study examines the application of mining effluents as feed solutions in pressure-retarded osmosis for energy generation and the prospect of water recycling or safe discharge to the environment. The physiochemical properties of the effluents indicated significant potential for fouling and scaling, which necessitated appropriate pretreatments. It was shown that pretreatments were highly effective in refining the quality of effluents, with a significant removal efficiency of above 90% for ions and heavy metals using nanofiltration. This led to fouling mitigation, higher and more stable power densities of 13 W/m2 and 18.6 W/m2, and potential water reuse or safe environmental discharge. The outcomes of this study are applicable in the mining sector with the potential for water and energy recoveries to contribute to more sustainable mining operations. |
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6. “Divergent Terrain Responses to Arctic Warming: A Multi-Decadal Analysis in Kaffiøyra, Svalbard (1985–2023)” Cover story: This study quantifies the spatial–temporal variability of glaciers, shorelines, and outwash plains in Kaffiøyra, Svalbard, over four decades using cross-evaluated Landsat and Sentinel-2 imagery. Results reveal systematic retreat across all eight glaciers, with tidewater glaciers experiencing substantially greater terminus area loss compared to land-terminating glaciers. Shoreline erosion was most pronounced on shores exposed to southwesterly summer waves, while significant accretion occurred near the tidewater glacier terminus. Outwash changes remained insignificant despite substantial glacier retreat, indicating that these systems respond to different controls. A moderate negative correlation between glacier terminus area and summer temperatures enabled a simple diagnostic projection model, where locally extrapolated data proved more accurate than downscaled climate scenarios. |
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7. “Hydrodynamic Influence of Circular Piles with a Surface Patterned with Hexagonal Dimples” Cover story: Surface dimple patterns emerge as a powerful strategy for controlling turbulent flow–structure interaction. This study demonstrates how hexagonal dimples on circular piles reshape vortex dynamics in free-surface flow, enhancing energy dissipation and weakening dominant coherent structures. The numerical modeling, validated against PIV measurements, proves essential for accurately capturing the complex flow features and reinforcing the reliability of the results. High-resolution LES reveals a significant reduction in vertical (downward) velocity, as well as a marked attenuation of both horseshoe and wake vortices. These findings establish a new paradigm for passive scour mitigation and improved hydraulic stability. |
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8. “Large-Scale 2D Rain-on-Grid Hydrodynamic Mapping of Flash and Pluvial Floods with Network-Consistent Return Periods” Cover story: This study presents the authors’ experience in the application of a fully hydrodynamic model over an entire territory, with direct rainfall input (rain-on-grid approach). This way of conducting flood risk analyses provides hydraulic engineering with an advancement in diagnostics similar to the progress that occurred in medicine with the transition from radiography to contrast-enhanced computed tomography. With radiography, the investigation is focused on a specific point where a symptom is already present. Conversely, a full-body contrast-enhanced scan is a much more powerful tool, detecting all parts of the body, including those where risk hotspots remain asymptomatic. In the rain-on-grid approach, the contrast medium is stormwater. The numerical simulation of all possible stormwater paths generates a comprehensive image of the entire territory. |
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9. “Thermal Water-Supplied Swimming Pools: A Scoping Review of Regulatory Frameworks, Disinfection Challenges, and Emerging Contaminants” Cover story: Thermal water-supplied swimming pools represent a unique interface between natural resources, human health, and environmental sustainability. Managed under diverse regulatory approaches, they reflect a trade-off between preserving therapeutic properties and ensuring microbiological safety. Despite their recognized benefits, these environments may pose microbiological and chemical risks. This review highlights key challenges related to disinfection, emerging contaminants, and antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the need for a One Health perspective and harmonized, risk-based monitoring strategies. |
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10. “Regionalized Rainfall Disaggregation Coefficients for the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, Brazil” Cover story: This study presents regionalized rainfall disaggregation coefficients for the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, Brazil, using high-resolution rainfall data from 109 validated CEMADEN automatic rain gauges. The methodology combines extreme-event extraction, partial-duration series analysis, and a calibrated Pfafstetter-based formulation to estimate representative sub-daily rainfall relationships. The results highlight important differences in the 1 h to 3 h duration range relative to the 24 h rainfall, contributing to improved hydrological design, urban drainage studies, and peak-flow estimation in densely urbanized areas. |
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11. “Stretching Water Availability: Hydrosolidarity in Drought-Prone Regions” Cover story: The Forquilha Valley, located in the semiarid Northeast of Brazil, faces recurrent droughts and chronic challenges in securing water for rural households. Over the past two decades, rainwater-harvesting cisterns have become a central strategy for improving water access. Yet these cisterns do not operate as isolated household infrastructures. Drawing on monitored water-level data, household surveys, and rainfall records, this study reveals that neighbors frequently share stored water, creating networks of hydrosolidarity that extend water availability during dry periods. While rainfall capture area largely determines cistern reliability, social cooperation plays a crucial role in sustaining access to water. By highlighting the interplay between infrastructure and collective action, this research offers new socio-hydrological insights into community resilience in drought-prone regions. |
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12. “Data-Driven Detection of Climate–Streamflow Dependencies and Multi-Year Hydrological Persistence in Brazilian Reservoir Systems” Cover story: This study investigates how large-scale climate variability influences streamflow dynamics and hydrological persistence in two major Brazilian reservoirs, Serra da Mesa and Três Marias. Using climate indices, temporal filtering, statistical analyses, and forecasting experiments, this research reveals persistent low-frequency climate–streamflow relationships and contrasting hydrological response timescales between the two basins. The cover image summarizes the study framework, highlighting the reservoirs, the climate modes analyzed, and the low-frequency hydrological signals associated with streamflow persistence and predictability. |
22 September 2026
Interview with Dr. Zhenyao Wang—Winner of the Water Best PhD Thesis Award
Water (ISSN 2073-4441) is proud to confer the Best PhD Thesis Award upon Dr. Zhenyao Wang.
Dr. Wang received his PhD from the University of Technology Sydney. His research interests focus on waste and biomass valorization, advanced wastewater treatment, machine learning-assisted process optimization, and environmental sustainability assessment.
1. Congratulations on winning the Water Best PhD Thesis Award! Could you start by briefly introducing yourself and elaborating on your doctoral research topic?
Hello everyone, my name is Zhenyao Wang. I received my PhD from the University of Technology Sydney, Australia, and I currently work at the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at Macau University of Science and Technology. My research mainly focuses on waste and biomass valorization, advanced wastewater treatment, machine learning-assisted process optimization, and environmental sustainability assessment.
My PhD research was titled “Advancing Sludge Management for Sustainability through Lignosulfonate.” The basic idea was to use lignosulfonate, a by-product from the pulp and paper industry, to improve sewage sludge treatment. It can promote sludge hydrolysis and organic matter release, which creates more opportunities for energy and resource recovery. We also found that the digested sludge had the potential to promote plant growth, making its land application more promising.
2. How did you first learn about the Water Best PhD Thesis Award, and what value do you believe such academic awards bring to early-career researchers?
I first heard about the award from one of my colleagues, who encouraged me to apply. As an early career researcher, this award means a lot to me. I see it as both a recognition of what I achieved during my PhD and an encouragement for what comes next. It gives me more confidence and motivation to continue developing my research and exploring new ideas. I think this kind of recognition is especially meaningful for young researchers because it reminds us that the work we are doing is valued and encourages us to keep moving forward.
3. How do you feel about receiving this prestigious recognition for your doctoral work? As this year’s award recipient, and are there any people you would like to thank or any feelings you wish to share?
I feel very honored and grateful to receive this award. I am sincerely grateful to everyone who supported, guided, and helped me throughout my PhD journey. I am also especially thankful to my parents and family for their constant support, understanding, and encouragement.
I would also like to thank Water and the award committee for this recognition. For me, this award is not only a recognition of my PhD work, but also a great motivation to keep moving forward and continue pursuing meaningful research.
4. During your PhD research, what was the most significant challenge you encountered, and what approaches did you take to overcome it?
I think one of the biggest challenges was moving into a completely new research area. Before my PhD, I mainly worked on microalgae, so many things were new to me. For example, I had never used a BMP system before. So I contacted the manufacturer and spoke with their engineers several times by phone and email. After a lot of troubleshooting and practice, I eventually became comfortable using it independently. I think this experience taught me to be proactive and always try to find a solution when I face a new problem.
5. Looking back on your entire doctoral journey, which experience or moment left the deepest impression on you, and why?
I think what impressed me most was the guidance I received from my supervisors. They taught me how to write, revise, and submit research papers, but more importantly, they trained me to think scientifically and systematically. This gradually changed the way I approach research problems and helped me become a more independent researcher. I think that is one of the most valuable things I gained from my PhD journey.
6. If you were to summarize your precious PhD journey in one sentence, what would it be?
If I had to summarize my PhD journey in one sentence, I would say: “Where there is a will, there is a way”. There were many challenges along the way, but I believe that with determination and persistence, we can always find a way forward.
7. How do you plan to build on and further advance your existing research in the future? What are your long-term academic and career goals?
Looking ahead, I would like to continue working in biomass and waste valorization and explore better ways to recover energy and valuable resources from waste. I also hope to integrate machine learning and sustainability assessment into my research to make these processes more efficient and practical. In the long term, I hope to keep doing meaningful research, train young researchers, and make a real contribution to environmental sustainability.
8. Based on your rich doctoral experience, what valuable suggestions would you offer to current PhD students who are pursuing their academic studies?
I think facing challenges during a PhD is completely normal. My advice is to have the courage to face them and the persistence to overcome them. Do not be afraid of difficulties or failure. Keep exploring, keep learning, and keep moving forward. As long as you stay determined and never give up, I believe your efforts will eventually pay off.
We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to Dr. Zhenyao Wang for accepting our interview invitation and sharing insights into his PhD journey. We wish him every success in his future research endeavors.
9 September 2026
International Day of Caves and Karst—“Explore, Understand and Protect: Towards Sustainable Management of Caves and Karst”, 13 September 2026
The 2026 International Day of Caves and Karst, celebrated on 13 September, highlights the hidden yet indispensable role of underground landscapes in sustaining life on Earth. With the theme “Explore, Understand and Protect: Towards Sustainable Management of Caves and Karst”, this year’s observance emphasizes how karst systems and cave environments—functioning as natural reservoirs, biodiversity hotspots, and climate archives—offer nature-based solutions to pressing global challenges. By revealing the intricate connections between surface and subsurface ecosystems, caves continue to deepen our understanding of Earth’s history and resilience. Journals published by MDPI support this mission by providing platforms for advancing research that explores the complexity and fragility of these subterranean realms.
MDPI invites researchers and readers to engage with open access journals, Special Issues, and collaborative platforms dedicated to advancing cave and karst science. Discover freely accessible studies spanning from speleogenesis and hydrogeology to subterranean ecology and heritage conservation, participate in global discussions through interdisciplinary forums, and contribute to open science efforts that bridge above‑ground and below‑ground perspectives. Together, let us embrace the mystery and significance of the underground to spark new dialogue, empower collective stewardship, and illuminate pathways toward a more sustainable coexistence with the hidden half of our planet.

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“Challenges in the Detection of Water-Filled Cavities in Karst Environments Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography”
by Sergio Negri and Dora Francesca Barbolla
Geosciences 2025, 15(9), 349; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15090349
“Microclimate Variability in a Highly Dynamic Karstic System”
by Diego Gil, Mario Sánchez-Gómez and Joaquín Tovar-Pescador
Geosciences 2025, 15(8), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15080280
“Aeolian Landscapes and Paleoclimatic Legacy in the Southern Chacopampean Plain, Argentina”
by Enrique Fucks, Yamile Rico, Luciano Galone, Malena Lorente, Sebastiano D’Amico and María Florencia Pisano
Geographies 2025, 5(3), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies5030033
“Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Karst Rocky Desertification in Guangxi, China, Under Climate Change and Human Activities”
by Jialei Su, Meiling Liu, Qin Yang, Xiangnan Liu, Zeyan Wu and Yanan Wen
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(13), 2294; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17132294
“Detection of Sedimentary Basins and Karstic Faults in the Yucatán Peninsula by Gravity Inversion and Euler Deconvolution”
by José Carlos Ortiz-Alemán, Mauricio Nava-Flores, Jaime Humberto Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Sebastián Ortiz-Aguilar, Mauricio Gabriel Orozco-del-Castillo and Sebastian López-Juárez
Earth 2025, 6(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/earth6020042
“Reassessing the Global Significance of Geological Heritage in the Miné-Akiyoshidai Karst Plateau Aspiring UNESCO Global Geopark”
by Koji Wakita, Hokuto Obara, Nozomu Oyama and Takashi Murakami
Geosciences 2025, 15(2), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15020056
“Matese Mts. and Caserta District Karst Bauxites (Campania Region, Southern Italy): Insights on Geochemistry, Paleoclimate, Paleoenvironment, and Parental Affinity”
by Roberto Buccione and Giovanni Mongelli
Minerals 2024, 14(12), 1253; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14121253
“Hydrothermal Karstification of the Pre-Messinian Eonile Canyon: Geomorphological and Geochemical Evidences for Hypogene Speleogenesis in the Middle Nile Valley of Egypt”
by Ashraf A. Mostafa, Hatem M. El-Desoky, Diaa A. Saadawi, Ahmed M. Abdel-Rahman, John Webb, Hassan Alzahrani, Fahad Alshehri, Abdurraouf Okok, Ahmed E. Khalil and Eman A. Marghani
Minerals 2024, 14(9), 946; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090946
“A New Species of Spelaeometra Polhemus & Ferreira, 2018 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Hydrometridae) from a Hotspot of Troglobites in Brazil, Serra do Ramalho Karst Area”
by Isabelle R. S. Cordeiro, Maria Elina Bichuette and Felipe F. F. Moreira
Animals 2023, 13(20), 3199; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13203199
“Winter Dietary Analysis Reveals the Foraging Differences of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Different Regions of a Karst Mountainous Area”
by Heqin Cao, Xiongwei Yang, Caichun Peng, Yeying Wang, Qunyi Guo and Haijun Su
Animals 2023, 13(4), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040727

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“Illuminating the Void: Advances in Geophysical Imaging of Caves and Karst Systems” |
“Cave Life: Creatures That Lurk in the Shadows” |
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7 September 2026
Meet Us at the IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 2026, 4–8 October 2026, Glasgow, UK
MDPI will be attending the IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 2026 to be held in Glasgow, UK, from 4 to 8 October 2026. As the global event for water professionals, the Congress brings together experts and stakeholders from across the full water cycle, providing a leading international platform for knowledge exchange, innovation, collaboration, and discussion on the future of water management.
The Congress attracts thousands of leading professionals, researchers, policymakers, companies, and organizations from across the water sector and beyond. It provides an opportunity to explore how pioneering research, technological innovation, and leading practices can contribute to more sustainable, resilient, and efficient water systems.
The key technical program themes include the following:
- Water Utility Management;
- Wastewater and Resource Recovery;
- Drinking Water and Potable Reuse;
- City-scale Planning & Operations;
- Communities, Communication, & Partnership;
- Water Resources & Sustainable Development.
The following MDPI journals will be represented at the conference:
3 September 2026
Interview with Dr. Xuan Li—Winner of the Water Young Investigator Award
Water (ISSN 2073-4441) is proud to present the first prize of the Water Young Investigator Award to Dr. Xuan Li!
Dr. Li is an ARC DECRA fellow, Senior Lecturer, and Chancellor’s Research Fellow at the Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW) at UTS.
Dr. Li’s research focuses on sewer concrete corrosion, energy recovery, microalgae, biofuel, wastewater treatment, and wastewater-based epidemiology. Her research aims at (1) mitigating concrete corrosion in sewers; (2) enhancing the energy recovery from wastewater; (3) a wastewater-based early disease warning system; and (4) microalgae-based carbon-neutral wastewater treatment.
The following is a short Q&A with Dr. Li, who talked about her recent research and shared her views on her research area:
1. Could you briefly introduce yourself to the readers?
I am a Senior Lecturer at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. My research sits at the intersection of environmental engineering, microbiology, and urban water systems. I am particularly interested in understanding how microorganisms and environmental conditions drive the deterioration of water infrastructure and in developing innovative technologies to make urban water systems more resilient and sustainable.
Over the past decade, I have worked across several aspects of the water cycle, including sewer corrosion and odour, wastewater-based epidemiology, resource recovery from wastewater sludge, and emerging approaches for protecting water infrastructure.
2. Could you introduce your current research direction and provide an update on your progress? What do you consider to be your most representative research achievement over the past few years?
My current research focuses on building resilient and sustainable urban water systems.
One major direction of my research is sewer corrosion. Conventional approaches often treat corrosion as a materials problem, but I have been investigating it as a coupled microbiological–chemical–materials process. This has led to the development of new strategies that target the biological processes responsible for corrosion rather than simply repairing the damage after it occurs.
At the same time, I am expanding this work toward wastewater resource recovery. For example, my research explores how wastewater sludge can be converted from a disposal challenge into a source of energy and valuable resources. I am also interested in wastewater-based epidemiology and how wastewater can provide population-level information that complements conventional public-health surveillance.
Over the past few years, I have been fortunate to build a growing research programme. I consider my most representative achievement to be developing a research program that connects fundamental microbiology with real-world water infrastructure problems. For me, the most rewarding aspect is seeing ideas move from laboratory observations toward technologies that could ultimately be useful to water utilities.
3. Which research topics are likely to receive special attention in the academic community in the coming years?
I think the water sector is entering a period where climate change, urbanisation, and emerging contaminants will increasingly intersect.
One important area will be the climate resilience of water systems. Climate change is not only changing water availability; it can also alter rainfall patterns, salinity, biological activity, and the chemical environment in water systems. In particular, for urban cities, an important challenge will be understanding how existing water and wastewater systems will perform under future environmental conditions to ensure reliable, safe, and sustainable water services for growing populations.
4. How do you view the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in your research field? In what ways do you think AI will transform scientific research in the future?
I see AI as a very powerful tool for accelerating scientific discovery, but not as a replacement for scientific understanding.
In water research, we generate increasingly large and complex datasets—from microbial sequencing and chemical measurements to sensor networks and infrastructure-monitoring data. AI can help us identify patterns that would be difficult to detect using conventional approaches. For example, it could help identify relationships between environmental conditions and microbial community dynamics or optimise water and wastewater treatment processes in real time.
However, I see AI as a tool that complements rather than replaces researchers. There are many aspects of scientific research, particularly fundamental experimental research, that still require researchers to design experiments, work in the laboratory, and make observations that may not be predictable from existing data. AI can identify patterns and generate hypotheses, but those hypotheses still need to be tested experimentally and interpreted within the broader scientific context.
I also think researchers will need to maintain a critical perspective when using AI. AI-generated information is not necessarily accurate or scientifically valid, and its outputs can reflect limitations or biases in the underlying data. Therefore, researchers will still need strong domain knowledge to evaluate AI-generated hypotheses, assess the quality of evidence, and determine whether the results are scientifically meaningful. Ultimately, I think the most powerful approach will be a combination of AI’s ability to process large amounts of information and researchers’ ability to ask meaningful questions, design experiments, and critically evaluate new knowledge.
5. What challenges have you encountered in your research, and how did you address them?
One of the biggest challenges in my research is translating scientific findings from controlled laboratory environments into practical solutions for real-world applications. In the laboratory, we can isolate individual processes and carefully control experimental conditions. However, real-world systems are much more complex, with biological, chemical, physical, environmental, and operational factors interacting simultaneously.
This means that demonstrating that a process or technology works under controlled conditions is only the first step. A much more important question is whether the same principles remain effective under realistic and changing conditions and whether they can be implemented reliably at a meaningful scale.
I have addressed this challenge by taking an interdisciplinary approach and working closely with researchers and industry partners. Combining different areas of expertise allows us to better understand the underlying mechanisms, while collaboration with industry and end users helps us assess whether our findings are relevant to real operational conditions.
6. How do you view the opportunities and challenges facing “young researchers” in today’s scientific community? Do you have any advice for aspiring young researchers looking to make a meaningful impact in their respective fields?
Young researchers today face a somewhat paradoxical situation. There are enormous opportunities to collaborate internationally, access advanced technologies, and work across disciplinary boundaries. At the same time, competition for funding, publications, and academic positions is intense.
Early in a career, it is tempting to follow every interesting opportunity. But over time, I think it is much more valuable to develop a research question or capability that people begin to associate with you. This does not mean restricting yourself to one narrow topic; rather, it means having a clear intellectual thread connecting your work.
I would also encourage young researchers to take risks. Some of my most interesting research directions emerged from questions that initially seemed outside my immediate research area. Interdisciplinary collaboration can be particularly valuable because important problems increasingly sit between traditional disciplines.
7. How did you learn about the MDPI Water Young Investigator Award? What does receiving this award mean to you personally? What suggestions do you have for this award?
I learned about the Water Young Investigator Award through the academic water-research community and MDPI’s activities in the field.
Receiving the award is a great honour. As an early-career researcher, recognition from an international journal is particularly encouraging because research can sometimes feel like a long-term process in which the impact of your work is not immediately visible.
I also appreciate that the award highlights the importance of supporting researchers who are developing new ideas and building independent research programmes. I am particularly grateful for the opportunity to use this recognition to share the importance and impact of our research with a broader audience and hopefully inspire the next generation to see science not just as a career but as a powerful way to address real-world challenges.
One suggestion I would have is to continue using the award to build connections among young researchers internationally. For example, activities such as early-career workshops, research forums, or opportunities for previous awardees to collaborate could create a community that extends beyond the award itself.
8. As the winner of this award, would you like to take a moment to share your thoughts with our readers or express gratitude to those who have played a significant role in your research accomplishments?
I am very grateful to receive this award. Research is never an individual achievement, and I have been extremely fortunate to work with talented students, collaborators, colleagues, and industry partners who have contributed to the development of my research.
I would like to thank my colleagues, mentors, and family for their support throughout my research career. I would particularly like to thank my research students. Much of the research that eventually becomes a publication or a technology begins with their curiosity, persistence, and willingness to tackle difficult experiments.
I am also grateful to my collaborators and industry partners, especially those who have allowed us to work on real-world water and wastewater challenges. Their perspectives have helped me understand that impactful research needs to go beyond demonstrating something in the laboratory—it needs to address problems that matter in practice.
I think open access has fundamentally changed how scientific knowledge can be shared. For water research in particular, this is important because our research community extends well beyond universities. For authors, open access can increase the visibility and accessibility of research and make it easier for findings to reach audiences outside traditional academic circles.
For Water, I hope the journal continues to strengthen its role as a platform connecting fundamental water science with engineering, policy, and real-world applications. I would also encourage continued support for interdisciplinary research and early-career researchers.
1 September 2026
MDPI INSIGHTS: The CEO’s Letter #38 – 2 Million Published Articles, Outstanding Reviewers, Michele Parrinello Award, AIS 2026 & WSF-12
Welcome to the MDPI Insights: The CEO's Letter.
In these monthly letters, I will showcase two key aspects of our work at MDPI: our commitment to empowering researchers and our determination to facilitating open scientific exchange.
Opening Thoughts

MDPI Reaches 2 million Published Articles
This month, MDPI reached an important milestone: the publication of our two-millionth article.
It is a number that would have been difficult to imagine in 1996, when MDPI’s first journal, Molecules, published its first volume of 74 papers. It took 25 years to reach our first million published articles in December 2022, and less than four years to reach the second million in August 2026.
From 74 Papers to Two Million Articles
The milestone also comes during our 30th anniversary year, providing another opportunity to reflect on how both MDPI and Open Access publishing have developed over the past three decades. Today, more than half of the world’s published research is Open Access, while MDPI has grown into a portfolio of journals supported by more than 70,000 Editorial Board Members. In 2025 alone, articles published in MDPI journals received 1.9 billion views and downloads.
While two million is an impressive number, what matters most is what sits behind it. Every article represents research conducted and shared by authors, editorial decisions made by academic editors, expertise contributed by reviewers, and the work of colleagues across MDPI supporting the publication and dissemination of research.
Many of the stories in this month’s CEO Letter reflect these communities. We recognize the contributions of the more than 209,000 reviewers who supported MDPI journals in 2025, celebrate scientific excellence through the inaugural Michele Parrinello Award, and look at how communities continue to develop through AIS 2026 and the 12th World Sustainability Forum.
“In 2025 alone, articles published in MDPI journals received 1.9 billion views and downloads”
Publishing at Scale, with Purpose
Reaching two million articles is an important milestone in MDPI’s history, but it is also a reminder of the responsibility that comes with publishing at this scale. As we look ahead, our focus remains on quality, research integrity, strong editorial standards, and providing researchers with reliable and efficient ways to share their work openly with the world.
Thank you to our authors, editors, reviewers, institutional partners, and colleagues around the world who have contributed to this journey.
Impactful Research

Recognizing Scientific Excellence: The Michele Parrinello Award
Supporting researchers means more than publishing and disseminating scientific work. It also means recognizing the researchers, editors, reviewers, and scholars whose contributions advance their fields.
I’m pleased to highlight the inaugural Michele Parrinello Award, which has been awarded to Prof. Ursula Röthlisberger of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland. Prof. Röthlisberger was recognized for her contributions to computational chemistry and molecular simulation, particularly her pioneering work in ab initio molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) multiscale simulation methods.
Prof. Röthlisberger leads the Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry at EPFL, developing computational approaches to understand complex chemical, biological, and materials systems at the atomic level. Her work also extends to next-generation photovoltaic materials, demonstrating the interdisciplinary reach of computational science.
The Michele Parrinello Award was established in 2025 to honor Prof. Michele Parrinello's pioneering contributions to atomistic simulation and computational science. Presented biennially, it recognizes senior researchers who have made significant contributions across physics, chemistry, and materials science. The recipient receives a EUR 50,000 prize, commemorative medal, and certificate.
Awarding Scientific Excellence
The selection was overseen by an international Award Committee, chaired by Prof. Dr. Xin-Gao Gong of Fudan University and a group of researchers from institutions in China, Italy, the UK, and the USA. Nominations were evaluated based on rigor, integrity, and academic excellence. In announcing the winner, Prof. Gong highlighted the impact of Prof. Röthlisberger’s research across multiple scientific disciplines, alongside her contributions to education and leadership within the international research community.
Recognizing Contributions Across the Research Community
The Michele Parrinello Award is part of MDPI’s broader commitment to recognizing excellence across different disciplines, contributions, and career stages.
Our journal awards include:
- Best Paper Awards – recognizing outstanding published research
- Young Investigator Awards – supporting exceptional early-career researchers
- Best PhD Thesis Awards – recognizing promising emerging scholars
- Outstanding Reviewer Awards – acknowledging the essential contribution of peer reviewers
- Travel Awards – helping early-career researchers participate in international conferences
- Editor of Distinction Awards – recognizing exceptional contributions from Editorial Board Members.
Alongside these journal awards, MDPI supports flagship initiatives including the Tu Youyou Award, the World Sustainability Award, the Emerging Sustainability Leader Award, and now the Michele Parrinello Award.
Learn More:
Inside MDPI

Recognizing the People Behind Peer Review: MDPI’s 2025 Outstanding Reviewer Awards
Behind every published article is a network of people contributing their expertise to the scholarly record. Among them, reviewers play an essential role, providing independent assessment, feedback, and subject expertise that help editors make informed decisions and authors build on their research.
In 2025, more than 209,000 individuals contributed their expertise as reviewers for MDPI journals. This represents an enormous contribution of time and knowledge from researchers around the world, occurring often alongside their own research, teaching, and professional responsibilities.
I’m pleased to share the recipients of MDPI’s 2025 Outstanding Reviewer Awards, recognizing reviewers who have shown great dedication, expertise, and responsiveness throughout the peer-review process.
Outstanding Reviewers
As at July 2026, 181 MDPI journals have presented Outstanding Reviewer Awards to 412 recipients, highlighting their work across disciplines ranging from biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine to environmental sciences, public health, and the social sciences. To learn more about the list of outstanding reviewers, please visit the following pages:
- Biology and Life Sciences;
- Business and Economics;
- Chemistry and Materials Science;
- Computer Science and Mathematics;
- Engineering;
- Environmental and Earth Sciences;
- Medicine and Pharmacology;
- Physical Sciences;
- Public Health and Healthcare;
- Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities.
While these awards highlight a select group of outstanding contributors, they also create an opportunity to acknowledge our entire reviewer community. Peer review depends on researchers sharing their knowledge and experience with others. Their feedback can improve manuscripts, support editors in making informed decisions, and contribute to maintaining the quality and integrity of the scientific record.
“Reviewers play an essential role, providing independent assessment, feedback, and subject expertise”
Supporting the Academic Community
The Outstanding Reviewer Awards are part of MDPI’s awards program, through which our journals recognize contributions across the academic community, including those from researchers, early-career scholars, reviewers, and Editorial Board Members.
Bringing these contributions to the forefront is important because much of the work that supports scholarly publishing happens behind the scenes. The time, expertise, and critical feedback provided by reviewers are essential to a rigorous and constructive peer-review process.
As MDPI celebrates its 30th anniversary, I would like to thank the more than 209,000 reviewers who contributed to our journals in 2025 and to congratulate the 412 Outstanding Reviewer Award recipients recognized for going above and beyond in supporting their respective research communities.
Coming Together for Science

AIS 2026: Growing a Community Around AI and Sensor Research
One of the most rewarding aspects of our conference program is seeing scientific communities develop over time. A conference may begin by bringing together researchers around an emerging field, but with each edition it can create new relationships, collaborations, and opportunities for researchers to reconnect and exchange ideas.
The 3rd International Conference on AI Sensors and Transducers (AIS 2026) is a good example of this growth.

“What stands out is the community developing around AIS”
This year’s conference took place from 2 to 7 August in Jeju, South Korea, welcoming over 560 participants – an increase of 225 attendees compared with 2025 and 160 compared with the inaugural conference of 2024. Across the program, participants contributed 373 presentations and 109 poster displays, including four plenary presentations, 52 keynote speeches, 192 invited talks, and 125 oral presentations.
Building an International Research Community
Beyond the numbers, what stands out is the community developing around AIS. Many researchers have now participated in all three editions of the conference, with delegates already expressing their intention to return for AIS 2027. The program also brought together established researchers from across the field for discussions on AI sensors and emerging sensing technologies.
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Building Engagement in South Korea
This year’s conference reflects our continued engagement with the research community in South Korea. AIS 2026 welcomed 150 participants from the Korean academic community and strengthened our cooperation with the Korean Sensors Society.

This is an important part of what our conferences can achieve. By bringing researchers together in person, we create opportunities to present the latest research and build relationships between scholars, institutions, societies, and at MDPI that can continue after an event concludes.
Looking Ahead
With this momentum, AIS 2027 is planned for 29 July to 3 August 2027 in Kunming, Yunnan, China, with the participation of an international group of Conference Chairs already confirmed from institutions in Europe, North America, and Asia-Pacific.
Three editions into AIS, the continued growth of this conference shows what is possible when we invest consistently in scientific communities. The objective is not simply to organize larger conferences each year but to create spaces where researchers return, new collaborations develop, and scientific communities become stronger.
Many thanks to the Conference Chairs, speakers, sponsors, supporting organizations, participants, and all MDPI colleagues who contributed to AIS 2026. Growing an international event takes years of relationship-building and considerable work behind the scenes, and this year’s conference reflects that collective effort.

Closing Thoughts

World Sustainability Forum 12: Coming Together for a More Sustainable Future
Sustainability challenges rarely sit within a single discipline, institution, or country. Addressing them requires researchers, policymakers, industry, and communities to exchange ideas and work across traditional boundaries.
This is one of the ideas behind the World Sustainability Forum (WSF), which has now reached its 12th edition.
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From 21 to 24 August, the 12th World Sustainability Forum (WSF-12) took place in Hong Kong, bringing together more than 300 experts, scholars, policymakers, and industry representatives from over 100 universities and research institutions across 53 countries and regions. The Forum received 543 abstract submissions, showcasing international interest in sustainability research.
Connecting Research, Policy, and Industry
Across four days, the scientific program featured 230 onsite presentations, including plenary, keynote, invited and oral presentations, together with 53 poster presentations. The program also included a plenary panel discussion, Connecting Sustainability Solutions Across Sectors, presenting perspectives from academia, government, and industry.
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This interdisciplinary exchange is particularly important in sustainability research. Challenges relating to our cities, environment, energy systems, economies, and societies are increasingly interconnected, and progress depends on creating opportunities for different disciplines and sectors to learn from one another.
WSF-12 also generated opportunities for industry participation. As a Strategic Partner, the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) E-Light International Communication Brand contributed to industry engagement throughout the Forum.

MDPI Sustainability Foundation Awards
Another highlight of WSF-12 was the presentation of three MDPI Sustainability Foundation Awards, celebrating the 2025 and 2026 winners of the World Sustainability Award and the 2026 winner of the Emerging Sustainability Leader Award.
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Recognizing researchers and emerging leaders in their fields is an important part of supporting scientific communities. These awards are an opportunity to celebrate individual achievements and highlight research that contributes to a more sustainable future.
Looking Ahead to WSF-13
After twelve editions, WSF is a great example of how a scientific community can develop over time. This is also what we hope to achieve through MDPI’s broader conference program. Scientific meetings should be more than individual events: by investing consistently in research communities, we can create spaces where people return, new relationships develop, different perspectives meet, and collaboration continues beyond the conference itself.

The next chapter is already taking shape. The 13th World Sustainability Forum(WSF-13) will take place from 8 to 11 June 2027 in Nice, France. Chaired by Prof. Dr. Adel Ben Youssef and organized by MDPI and the journal Sustainability in collaboration with Université Côte d’Azur, WSF-13 will continue the Forum’s interdisciplinary approach across the natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences.
Thank You
Many thanks to the Conference Chairs, speakers, strategic partners, sponsors, supporting organizations, participants, and all MDPI colleagues who contributed to WSF-12. Events of this scale require considerable coordination and collaboration behind the scenes, and the continued growth of WSF reflects the collective efforts of the MDPI Conference Department and a global community committed to sustainability research, innovation, and collaboration.

Chief Executive Officer
MDPI AG
25 August 2026
Water | 2025 Editor’s Choice Publications from the “Water Resources Management, Policy and Governance” Section
The Section “Water Resources Management, Policy and Governance” publishes contributions on all aspects of water resource policy, planning, management, and governance.
We invite you to read the Editor’s Choice Papers in the Section “Water Resources Management, Policy and Governance”, a curated list of high-quality articles published in 2025. The list of selected papers can be viewed below:
Articles:
1. “Analysis of Key Influencing Factors of Water Quality in Tai Lake Basin Based on XGBoost-SHAP”
by Weiling Li, Menghua Deng, Chang Liu and Qing Cao
Water 2025, 17(11), 1619; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111619
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/11/1619
2. “The Role of ESG in Driving Sustainable Innovation in Water Sector: From Gaps to Governance”
by Gabriel Minea, Elena Simina Lakatos, Roxana Maria Druta, Alina Moldovan, Lucian Marius Lupu and Lucian Ionel Cioca
Water 2025, 17(15), 2259; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152259
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/15/2259
3. “Landslide-Induced Wave Run-Up Prediction Based on Large-Scale Geotechnical Experiment: A Case Study of Wangjiashan Landslide Area of Baihetan Reservoir, China”
by Lei Tian, Jie Lei, Pengchao Mao and Wei-Chau Xie
Water 2025, 17(3), 304; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030304
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/3/304
4. “Evolution and Mechanism of Intergovernmental Cooperation in Transboundary Water Governance: The Taihu Basin, China”
by Ganlin Xia and Cunkuan Bao
Water 2025, 17(11), 1582; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111582
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/11/1582
5. “Present and Future Energy Potential of Run-of-River Hydropower in Mainland Southeast Asia: Balancing Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability”
by Saman Maroufpoor and Xiaosheng Qin
Water 2025, 17(15), 2256; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152256
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/15/2256
6. “Water Vulnerability in Dhaka, Narayanganj, and Gazipur Districts of Bangladesh: The Role of Textile Dye Production”
by Kamille Hüttel Rasmussen, Martiwi Diah Setiawati and Kamol Gomes
Water 2025, 17(16), 2475; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17162475
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/16/2475
7. “Sea-Level Rise and Saltwater Intrusion: Economic Estimates of Impacts of Nature-Based Mitigation Policies Under Uncertainty”
by Dat Q. Tran and Kieu N. Le
Water 2025, 17(9), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17091355
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/9/1355
8. “Multi-Objective Model for Efficient, Equitable, and Sustainable Water Allocation Under Uncertainty: A Case Study of Namhan River Basin, South Korea”
by Flavia D. Frederick and Doosun Kang
Water 2025, 17(8), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17081230
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/8/1230
9. “Accuracy Evaluation of a Wave Monitoring System by Testing the Hydraulic Performance of Portable Low-Cost Buoys”
by Susanne Scherbaum, Robin Härtl, Franziska Hübl, Philipp Berglez and Josef Schneider
Water 2025, 17(9), 1345; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17091345
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/9/1345
10. “Implementing the One Water Concept in Greece: Evidence from Case Studies and Policy Pathways”
by Nektarios N. Kourgialas, Andreas N. Angelakis and George Tchobanoglous
Water 2025, 17(24), 3525; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17243525
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/24/3525
11. “Groundwater Extraction Causes a Rapid Reduction in Spring Expression at Abercorn Springs in the Recharge Area of the Great Artesian Basin, Australia”
by Sharon Marshall and Andrew McDougall
Water 2025, 17(9), 1338; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17091338
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/9/1338
12. “Assessing the Sensitivity of Sociotechnical Water Distribution Systems to Uncertainty in Consumer Behaviors: Social Distancing and Demand Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic”
by Shimon Komarovsky, Brent Vizanko, Emily Berglund and Avi Ostfeld
Water 2025, 17(13), 1965; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17131965
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/13/1965
13. “Spatial and Economic-Based Clustering of Greek Irrigation Water Organizations: A Data-Driven Framework for Sustainable Water Pricing and Policy Reform”
by Dimitrios Tsagkoudis, Eleni Zafeiriou and Konstantinos Spinthiropoulos
Water 2025, 17(15), 2242; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152242
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/15/2242
14. “Analysis of Application of Design Standards for Future Climate Change Adaptive Agricultural Reservoirs Using Cluster Analysis”
by Dong-Hyuk Joo, Ra Na, Hayoung Kim, Seung-Hwan Yoo and Sang-Hyun Lee
Water 2025, 17(24), 3463; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17243463
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/24/3463
15. “Evaluating the Carbon and Water Footprints of Livestock Transportation in Japan”
by Hanwool Do, Makoto Taniguchi and Sang-Hyun Lee
Water 2025, 17(23), 3381; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17233381
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/23/3381































