- Article
From Waste to Cathode: A Comparative Evaluation of Sol–Gel and Co-Precipitation Routes for Closed-Loop Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes
- Alexandra Kosenko,
- Konstantin Pushnitsa,
- Pavel Novikov and
- Anatoliy A. Popovich
The exponential growth of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles and energy storage systems has amplified the urgent need for sustainable recycling strategies. Conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods for LIB recycling...

