NiCo2O4 Electrodes Prepared by Inkjet Printing on Kapton Substrates for Flexible Supercapacitor Applications

Banti, Angeliki; Pardalis, Paris; Mantsiou, Eleni; Charalampakis, Michalis; Binas, Vassilios; Balaskas, Andronikos C. C.; Sotiropoulos, Sotirios

doi:10.3390/batteries11120434

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NiCo₂O₄ Electrodes Prepared by Inkjet Printing on Kapton Substrates for Flexible Supercapacitor Applications

by

Angeliki Banti

^1,*

,

Paris Pardalis

¹

,

Eleni Mantsiou

^1,2,

Michalis Charalampakis

²,

Vassilios Binas

^1,2,

Andronikos C. C. Balaskas

¹ and

Sotirios Sotiropoulos

^1,*

¹

Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece

²

Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Batteries 2025, 11(12), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11120434 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 1 October 2025 / Revised: 15 November 2025 / Accepted: 17 November 2025 / Published: 24 November 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hybrid Supercapacitors: Materials, Devices, Models, Systems, and Applications)

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Abstract

This study explores the fabrication and electrochemical performance of flexible NiCo₂O₄-based pseudo-capacitor electrodes, inkjet-printed onto flexible Kapton substrates. To circumvent the insulating nature of Kapton, a thin Au interlayer (20 nm) was introduced, significantly enhancing electrical conductivity. The effect of NiCo₂O₄ mass loading, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mg cm⁻², was investigated. Optimal performance was achieved at a loading of 0.3 mg cm⁻² on Au/Kapton substrates, yielding a specific capacitance of 520 F g⁻¹ at 3.3 A g⁻¹ and 90% capacitance retention after 1000 charge–discharge cycles. These results confirm that inkjet-printed NiCo₂O₄ electrodes, when combined with a conductive interlayer, exhibit excellent pseudo-capacitive behavior on flexible, non-conductive substrates. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of scalable, low-temperature fabrication techniques for high-performance flexible energy storage devices, suitable for emerging wearable technologies.

Keywords: flexible supercapacitors; NiCo2O4 electrodes; inkjet printing; Kapton substrate; wearable energy storage devices

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MDPI and ACS Style

Banti, A.; Pardalis, P.; Mantsiou, E.; Charalampakis, M.; Binas, V.; Balaskas, A.C.C.; Sotiropoulos, S. NiCo₂O₄ Electrodes Prepared by Inkjet Printing on Kapton Substrates for Flexible Supercapacitor Applications. Batteries 2025, 11, 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11120434

AMA Style

Banti A, Pardalis P, Mantsiou E, Charalampakis M, Binas V, Balaskas ACC, Sotiropoulos S. NiCo₂O₄ Electrodes Prepared by Inkjet Printing on Kapton Substrates for Flexible Supercapacitor Applications. Batteries. 2025; 11(12):434. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11120434

Chicago/Turabian Style

Banti, Angeliki, Paris Pardalis, Eleni Mantsiou, Michalis Charalampakis, Vassilios Binas, Andronikos C. C. Balaskas, and Sotirios Sotiropoulos. 2025. "NiCo₂O₄ Electrodes Prepared by Inkjet Printing on Kapton Substrates for Flexible Supercapacitor Applications" Batteries 11, no. 12: 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11120434

APA Style

Banti, A., Pardalis, P., Mantsiou, E., Charalampakis, M., Binas, V., Balaskas, A. C. C., & Sotiropoulos, S. (2025). NiCo₂O₄ Electrodes Prepared by Inkjet Printing on Kapton Substrates for Flexible Supercapacitor Applications. Batteries, 11(12), 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11120434

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NiCo₂O₄ Electrodes Prepared by Inkjet Printing on Kapton Substrates for Flexible Supercapacitor Applications

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