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Applied Sciences, Volume 15, Issue 20

2025 October-2 - 439 articles

Cover Story: Porphyra umbilicalis is a red macroalga belonging to the genus Porphyra and the family Bangiaceae. Porphyra umbilicalis distinguishes itself among macroalgae due to its remarkable biochemical composition and nutritional value. It contains a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds, including macronutrients and micronutrients. Among the macronutrients, carbohydrates, proteins, and essential fatty acids are particularly abundant, with protein levels reaching up to 40% dw (dry weight). Its high protein content makes Porphyra umbilicalis a promising alternative and sustainable protein source, particularly for plant-based diets. Its micronutrients, including vitamins (C, E, and B-group), pigments, and mineral components, contribute to antioxidant protection, metabolic regulation, and maintenance of overall nutritional balance. View this paper
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Articles (439)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,704 Views
22 Pages

Hydrodynamics of Toroidal Vortices in Torque-Flow Pumps

  • Ivan Pavlenko,
  • Vladyslav Kondus and
  • Roman Puzik

21 October 2025

This study investigates the role of toroidal vortex formation in torque-flow pumps and its influence on pump performance. A mathematical model of viscous fluid motion in toroidal coordinates was developed to describe the two-stage energy transfer mec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,360 Views
20 Pages

Implementation of High Air Voids Asphalt Mixtures on Trial Section—Performance Evaluation Case Study

  • Wojciech Bańkowski,
  • Jan B. Król,
  • Karol J. Kowalski and
  • Renata Horodecka

21 October 2025

Asphalt mixtures designed with an elevated air void content are intended to lower traffic noise as well as to improve traffic safety and quality by improving rainwater evacuation through the layer of the surface mixture, not just on top of it. While...

(This article belongs to the Section Civil Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,445 Views
22 Pages

21 October 2025

The aim of this research was to examine the antibacterial activity of commercially available silver nanoparticles against foodborne bacteria and to evaluate the properties of pullulan films incorporating these nanoparticles, including their antibacte...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Food Safety and Microbial Control)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,455 Views
18 Pages

SANet: A Pure Vision Strip-Aware Network with PSSCA and Multistage Fusion for Weld Seam Detection

  • Zhijian Zhu,
  • Haoran Gu,
  • Zhao Yang,
  • Lijie Zhao and ,
  • Guoli Song and
  • Qinghui Wang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

21 October 2025

Weld seam detection is a fundamental prerequisite for robotic welding automation, yet it remains challenging due to the elongated shape of welds, weak contrast against metallic backgrounds, and significant environmental interference in industrial sce...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,119 Views
23 Pages

21 October 2025

Traffic flow prediction plays a vital role in intelligent transportation systems, directly affecting travel scheduling, road planning, and traffic management efficiency. However, traditional methods often struggle to capture complex spatiotemporal de...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods for Time Series Forecasting)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,102 Views
20 Pages

21 October 2025

To accurately assess the development potential of a high-speed rail (HSR) express in the logistics system, this study constructs a forecasting method for HSR express volume. Grey relational analysis is used to identify key influencing factors, and a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced, Smart, and Sustainable Transportation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,435 Views
36 Pages

Axial Load Transfer Mechanisms in Fully Grouted Fibreglass Rock Bolts: Experimental and Numerical Investigations

  • Shima Entezam,
  • Ali Mirzaghorbanali,
  • Behshad Jodeiri Shokri,
  • Alireza Entezam and ,
  • Hadi Nourizadeh,
  • Peter Craig,
  • Kevin McDougall,
  • Warna Karunasena and
  • Naj Aziz
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

21 October 2025

Fully grouted rock bolts play a vital role in stabilising underground excavations, particularly in corrosive environments where material properties, geometric configuration, and installation conditions influence their load transfer performance. Altho...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rock Mechanics and Mining Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,339 Views
19 Pages

21 October 2025

Due to its high-temperature resistance, high thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, excellent chemical stability, and outstanding mechanical and electrochemical properties, graphite has been widely applied in various fields. However, the curr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,033 Views
29 Pages

21 October 2025

The images acquired from near infrared cameras can contain thermal noise, which degrades the quality of the images. The quality of the images obtained from underwater environments suffer from the complex hydrological environment. All these issues mak...

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Underwater Signal Processing and Communication: Challenges, Innovations, and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,664 Views
20 Pages

21 October 2025

Lithium-ion batteries are essential to electric vehicles, so it is crucial to continuously monitor and control their health. However, since today’s battery packs consist of hundreds or thousands of cells, monitoring all of them is challenging....

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Based Machinery Health Monitoring)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,296 Views
19 Pages

21 October 2025

Traditional gravity models, while widely used in transport planning, often struggle to capture nonlinear spatial patterns and the heterogeneity of real-world mobility. In contrast, DNNs offer a flexible framework capable of integrating diverse explan...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data Science and Machine Learning in Logistics and Transport, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,602 Views
14 Pages

Enhancing 3D Monocular Object Detection with Style Transfer for Nighttime Data Augmentation

  • Alexandre Evain,
  • Firas Jendoubi,
  • Redouane Khemmar,
  • Sofiane Ahmedali and
  • Mathieu Orzalesi

21 October 2025

Monocular 3D object detection (Mono3D) is essential for autonomous driving and augmented reality, yet its performance degrades significantly at night due to the scarcity of annotated nighttime data. In this paper, we investigate the use of style tran...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Autonomous Vehicles and Their Systems: Emerging Technologies and Applications)
  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,584 Views
26 Pages

A Review on SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Attenuation Correction Using Deep Learning

  • Ioannis D. Apostolopoulos,
  • Nikolaοs Ι. Papandrianos,
  • Elpiniki I. Papageorgiou and
  • Dimitris J. Apostolopoulos

21 October 2025

Attenuation correction (AC) is an essential process in Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), an established imaging method for assessing coronary artery disease. Conventional AC approaches typically re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Imaging Technologies for Cardiovascular Disease, 4th Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,272 Views
23 Pages

Enhanced Full-Section Pavement Rutting Detection via Structured Light and Texture-Aware Point-Cloud Registration

  • Huayong Zhu,
  • Yishun Li,
  • Feng Li,
  • Difei Wu and ,
  • Yuchuan Du and
  • Ziyue Gao
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

21 October 2025

Rutting is a critical form of pavement distress that compromises driving safety and long-term structural integrity. Traditional detection methods predominantly rely on cross-sectional measurements and high-cost inertial navigation-assisted laser scan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,311 Views
28 Pages

21 October 2025

In the “cloud–edge–end” three-tier architecture of edge computing, the cloud, edge layer, and end-device layer collaborate to enable efficient data processing and task allocation. Certain computation-intensive tasks are decomp...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,246 Views
20 Pages

21 October 2025

This study proposes a 3D reconstruction method for LIDAR building point clouds using geometric primitive constrained optimization. It addresses challenges such as low accuracy, high complexity, and slow modeling. This new algorithm studies the recons...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,136 Views
17 Pages

21 October 2025

In order to expand the raw material base of lignocellulosic briquettes, and due to the shortage of wood materials, the use of lignocellulosic residues from the agricultural sector (such as hemp waste) became the main objective of this research. In or...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Conference Wood Science and Engineering in the Third Millennium–ICWSE 2025)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,142 Views
16 Pages

21 October 2025

This study proposes a hybrid method that combines a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Digital Twin (DT) technology to address nighttime reactive power backfeed in large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants. First, the GA is employed to optimize the locatio...

(This article belongs to the Topic Electronic Communications, IOT and Big Data, 2nd Volume)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,729 Views
22 Pages

21 October 2025

(1) This study aims to enhance the precision of ergonomic fitting in traditional shoe size selection by integrating literature and measured biometric data. (2) A correlation table between biometric features and shoe models was established, which was...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,522 Views
19 Pages

21 October 2025

Cryogenic industries handling liquid hydrogen and helium require rigorous safety verification. However, current standards (ASTM, ASME, ISO) are optimized for LNG at −163 °C and remain inadequate for extreme cryogenic conditions such as &min...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
6,434 Views
30 Pages

Incorporation of Protein Alternatives in Bakery Products: Biological Value and Techno-Functional Properties

  • Carlos Daniel Perea-Escobar,
  • Liliana Londoño-Hernández,
  • Juan Roberto Benavente-Valdés,
  • Nagamani Balagurusamy and ,
  • Juan Carlos Contreras Esquivel and
  • Ayerim Y. Hernández-Almanza
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

21 October 2025

Wheat-based bakery products are important sources of energy and micronutrients; however, their protein content is lower than that of animal-based foods, and they generally have a high glycemic index. Therefore, incorporating other ingredients could i...

(This article belongs to the Section Food Science and Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,098 Views
14 Pages

Gamut Boundary Distortion Arises from Quantization Errors in Color Conversion

  • Jingxu Li,
  • Xifeng Zheng,
  • Deju Huang,
  • Fengxia Liu and ,
  • Junchang Chen,
  • Yufeng Chen,
  • Hui Cao and
  • Yu Chen
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

21 October 2025

This paper undertakes an in-depth exploration into the issue of quantization errors that occur during color gamut conversion within LED full-color display systems. To commence, a CIE-xyY colorimetric framework, which is customized to the unique chara...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,512 Views
19 Pages

21 October 2025

The quality of input data is critical to the performance of time-series classification models, particularly in the domain for industrial sensor data where noise and anomalies are frequent. This study investigates how various filtering-based preproces...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,840 Views
37 Pages

System for Monitoring Motion, Technical, and Environmental Parameters in Railway Traffic Using a Sensor Network

  • Piotr Chrostowski,
  • Krzysztof Karwowski,
  • Roksana Licow,
  • Michał Michna and ,
  • Marek Szafrański,
  • Andrzej Wilk,
  • Leszek Jarzębowicz,
  • Jacek Skibicki,
  • Sławomir Judek and
  • Kamila Szwaczkiewicz
  • + 10 authors+ 5 authors

21 October 2025

Rail transportation is one of the most environmentally friendly systems; however, it generates noise and vibrations in the vicinity of railway lines. Therefore, the operation of railways requires appropriate measurements to analyze interactions betwe...

(This article belongs to the Section Transportation and Future Mobility)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3,165 Views
13 Pages

21 October 2025

This study aimed to define performance characteristics of elite male football players in the Turkish Super League in 2024–2025 according to playing positions, evaluate advantages/disadvantages, and reveal the differences between home and away m...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies in Ball Sports Performance)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,027 Views
14 Pages

21 October 2025

In the field of natural language processing, depression forecasting from social media has gained extensive attention, as platforms like X (formerly Twitter) offer real-time user-generated content that can reflect psychological states. Common approach...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neural Network Technologies in Natural Language Processing and Data Mining)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,582 Views
22 Pages

21 October 2025

Wake vortex is a critical factor affecting aircraft safety and airport runway capacity. To assess the runway capacity of mixed operations for training and transport airports, this study first simulated the wake vortex dissipation process of the commo...

(This article belongs to the Section Transportation and Future Mobility)
  • Editorial
  • Open Access
1,526 Views
4 Pages

Advances and Horizons in Ceramic Materials Research

  • Agata Lisińska-Czekaj and
  • Tomasz Pikula

21 October 2025

In this Special Issue entitled Novel Ceramic Materials: Processes, Properties and Applications, 18 articles are brought together. The contributions illustrated the remarkable versatility of ceramics—from bioceramics that heal bone and fight inf...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Ceramic Materials: Processes, Properties and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,057 Views
19 Pages

21 October 2025

The sixth generation of mobile networks (6G) presents increasing complexity that challenges traditional analysis and performance evaluation methods, necessitating more structured approaches for both research and educational purposes. This study intro...

(This article belongs to the Section Optics and Lasers)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,757 Views
18 Pages

21 October 2025

Welding-based manufacturing and joining processes are extensively used in various areas of industrial production. While welding has been used as a primary method of joining in many applications, its capability to fabricate metal components such as th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in and Research on Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,601 Views
15 Pages

21 October 2025

Ports serve as key nodes in eco-friendly and digital logistics networks, and the volume of cargo handled continues to increase in response to growing international trade. However, the increased workload within limited spaces heightens the risk of saf...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk and Safety of Maritime Transportation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,807 Views
20 Pages

21 October 2025

A large-scale sandstone-type uranium deposit, recently discovered within the petroleum field of the Jingchuan area on the southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin, exemplifies a classic case of uranium exploration success achieved through the analysis...

(This article belongs to the Section Earth Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,702 Views
17 Pages

Comparative Evaluation of PEEK, 3D-Printed Titanium Mesh and Solid Titanium Implants on HU Distortion and Dose Calculation Accuracy in Radiotherapy

  • Sook Yang,
  • Euncheol Choi,
  • Seung Gyu Park,
  • Byungyong Kim and ,
  • Ye Won Kim and
  • Myeongsoo Kim
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

21 October 2025

This study investigated the impact of implant materials on Hounsfield Unit (HU) distortion and dose calculation accuracy in radiotherapy planning. Standardized cubic phantoms (1 cm3) of PEEK, titanium mesh, and titanium solid were fabricated and scan...

(This article belongs to the Section Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,542 Views
41 Pages

Integrating Industry 4.0 Technologies into 8D Methodologies: A Case Study in the Automotive Industry

  • Alexandru-Vasile Oancea,
  • Nadia Ionescu,
  • Corneliu Rontescu,
  • Laurentiu-Mihai Ionescu and ,
  • Agnieszka Misztal,
  • Ana-Maria Bogatu,
  • Dumitru-Titi Cicic and
  • Valentin Pirvu
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

21 October 2025

This paper presents the application of the 8D method to a case study in the automotive industry, combined with the development of a pilot framework that integrates Industry 4.0 technologies—Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT)...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Advanced Computing in Reconfigurable Hardware)
  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,729 Views
45 Pages

A Critical Review on Synergistic Integration of Nanomaterials in 3D-Printed Concrete: Rheology to Microstructure and Eco-Functionality

  • Siva Jamjala,
  • Manivannan Thulasirangan Lakshmidevi,
  • K. S. K. Karthik Reddy,
  • Bidur Kafle and
  • Riyadh Al-Ameri

21 October 2025

The use of nanomaterials (NMs) in 3D printing concrete (3DPC) has shown significant advancements in enhancing both fresh and hardened properties. This review finds that their inclusion in printable concrete has altered the rheological properties of t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Concrete: Preparation, Properties, Evaluation and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,227 Views
16 Pages

Incorporation of Black Currant Pomace into Emulsions for Reducing Saturated Fat in Shortbread Cookies

  • Rytis Michalkevičius,
  • Loreta Bašinskienė,
  • Jolita Jagelavičiūtė and
  • Dalia Čižeikienė

21 October 2025

Cookies are widely consumed bakery products valued for their pleasant taste and texture; however, their high fat content contributes significantly to their caloric density and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the development of alternatives for re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Natural Products: Extraction, Bioactivity, Biotransformation, and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
913 Views
11 Pages

21 October 2025

Although the elitist genetic algorithm (EGA) is an approach for the optimal design of pixelated metasurfaces, it is necessary to convert a two-dimensional (2D) metasurface to a one-dimensional array. This ignores the effects of the mutation on neighb...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,401 Views
16 Pages

21 October 2025

In recent years, underwater image super-resolution (SR) reconstruction has increasingly become a core focus of underwater machine vision. Light scattering and refraction in underwater environments result in images with blurred details, low contrast,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Civil Structural Health Monitoring: Techniques, Systems and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
846 Views
13 Pages

Development and Pilot-Scale Testing of Vibro-Briquetting Technology for Fine Chromite Raw Materials

  • Maral Almagambetov,
  • Yerlan Zhumagaliyev,
  • Murat Dosekenov,
  • Yerbol Shabanov and ,
  • Azamat Kuldybaev and
  • Aigerim Abilberikova
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

21 October 2025

The processing of fine and technogenic chromite-bearing raw materials accumulated in tailings and sludge storage facilities is a key challenge for sustainable metallurgical development. This paper presents the results of laboratory and pilot-scale st...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,331 Views
21 Pages

Enhancing Pork Patties with Cricket (Acheta domesticus) Powder: A Feasibility Study on Quality Attributes

  • Judith Rodríguez-Párraga,
  • Carmen María Botella-Martínez,
  • Manuel Viuda-Martos,
  • Eva María Santos and ,
  • José Ángel Pérez-Álvarez,
  • Raquel Lucas-González and
  • Juana Fernández-López
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

21 October 2025

Edible insects represent an emerging and sustainable alternative in human nutrition, characterized by their high protein and fiber content, along with a lipid profile rich in unsaturated fatty acids. This study evaluated the technological feasibility...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Quality and Characterization of Animal-Based, Plant-Based and Hybrid Products)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,021 Views
23 Pages

21 October 2025

Tunneling through weak rock masses under shallow urban overburdens is critically constrained by stand-up time. Conventional models for hydraulic impact hammers prioritize the excavation rate (Net Breaking Rate—NBR) but overlook a key operational bott...

(This article belongs to the Section Earth Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,073 Views
28 Pages

21 October 2025

Early software defect prediction research primarily relied on software metric features. However, such features struggle to fully capture semantic information in source code. Consequently, methods based on semantic features have gradually become mains...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,144 Views
15 Pages

21 October 2025

In order to study the impact on the shock effect when a high-speed train passes over a concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) tied-arch bridge, a dynamic load test was carried out in the background of the Qinjiang River Bridge in Qinzhou, Guangxi Province...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,308 Views
18 Pages

21 October 2025

In suspension bridges employing spatial cables, the main cables undergo torsion during the construction process. Clarifying the distribution pattern of the main cable torsional angle can guide the positioning and installation of cable clamps and miti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,599 Views
21 Pages

Application Possibilities and Expected Effects of Dissolved Air Flotation in Groundwater Treatment for Removing TOC, Color and As

  • Zorana Z. Radibratović,
  • Biljana B. Cakić,
  • Mirjana Lj. Kijevčanin,
  • Ivona R. Radović and
  • David M. Mitrinović

21 October 2025

The design of a water treatment plant requires thorough analysis of water quality, capacity, location, and reliable technologies. Groundwater sources with elevated levels of organic matter, color, arsenic, and dissolved gases represent a particular c...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue River and Lake Catchments: Ecological Challenges, Hydrological Changes, Environmental Problems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,814 Views
17 Pages

Exploration of Stability Judgments: Assessing Multimodal LLMs in Game-Inspired Physical Reasoning Tasks

  • Mury Fajar Dewantoro,
  • Febri Abdullah,
  • Yi Xia,
  • Ibrahim Khan and ,
  • Ruck Thawonmas,
  • Wenwen Ouyang and
  • Fitra Abdurrachman Bachtiar
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

21 October 2025

This study extends our previous investigation into whether multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can reason about physical reasoning, using a game environment as the testbed. Stability served as a foundational scenario to probe model understanding...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,285 Views
21 Pages

21 October 2025

Accurate traffic flow prediction is pivotal for intelligent transportation systems; yet, existing spatial-temporal graph neural networks (STGNNs) struggle to jointly capture the long-term structural stability, short-term dynamics, and multi-scale tem...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Safety and Traffic Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,068 Views
23 Pages

21 October 2025

Existing long-form video recommendation systems primarily rely on rating prediction or click-through rate estimation. However, the former is constrained by data sparsity, while the latter fails to capture actual viewing experiences. The accumulation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,651 Views
15 Pages

21 October 2025

Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have significant potential for renewable energy generation, yet their operational efficiency is often limited by reduced aerodynamic performance and difficulties during start-up. This study investigates the effect...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper Collection in the Section ‘Energy Science and Technology’)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,771 Views
28 Pages

21 October 2025

Pavement performance prediction serves as a core basis for maintenance decision-making. Although numerous studies have been conducted, most focus on road segments and aggregate indicators such as IRI and PCI, with limited attention to the daily deter...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technology for Road Surface Detection, 2nd Edition)

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Appl. Sci. - ISSN 2076-3417