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Applied Sciences, Volume 15, Issue 17

September-1 2025 - 625 articles

Cover Story: This study analyzes greenhouse gas emissions from ships visiting European ports between 2020 and 2023, utilizing data from the EU Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (EU-MRV) system. It examines the impact of the FuelEU Maritime Regulation on four types of ships during this period. It discusses updates to MARPOL Annex VI, including the Global Fuel Standard (GFS) designed to reduce emissions. A line contour method is employed to estimate emissions, focusing on tankers, bulk carriers, general cargo ships, and container ships while adhering to European regulations. This method models operational variables such as deadweight and ship age to categorize vessels based on their energy efficiency. View this paper
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Articles (625)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,034 Views
28 Pages

8 September 2025

The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) is widely used to evaluate upper limb motor performance after stroke. However, conventional approaches may overlook domain-specific neuromuscular and kinematic differences during task execution. This study classifi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
634 Views
22 Pages

8 September 2025

The Distributed No-Wait Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (DNWFSP) arises in various manufacturing contexts, such as chemical production and electronic assembly, where strict no-wait constraints and multi-factory coordination are required. Solving the DNW...

  • Article
  • Open Access
712 Views
15 Pages

8 September 2025

Compositional Zero-Shot Learning (CZSL) seeks to enable machines to recognize objects and attributes (i.e., primitives),learn their associations, and generalize to novel compositions, enabling systems to exhibit a human-like ability to infer and gene...

  • Article
  • Open Access
962 Views
17 Pages

Evaluating the Performance Impact of Data Sovereignty Features on Data Spaces

  • Stanisław Galij,
  • Grzegorz Pawlak and
  • Sławomir Grzyb

8 September 2025

Data Spaces appear to offer a solution to data sovereignty concerns in public cloud environments, which are managed by third parties and must therefore be considered potentially untrusted. The IDS Connector, a key component of Data Space architecture...

  • Article
  • Open Access
766 Views
15 Pages

8 September 2025

On-machine measurement is a highly effective approach for enhancing machining accuracy and efficiency. A critical factor influencing the accuracy of on-machine measurements is the straightness error of the linear guideway. However, this error is sign...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,060 Views
20 Pages

8 September 2025

A systematic and highly efficient current commands generator for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) in electric vehicles is proposed. This paper integrates maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), maximum power control (MPC), and maximum...

  • Article
  • Open Access
667 Views
17 Pages

8 September 2025

Numerical simulation and machine learning-based methods are frequently adopted when performing ground movement probabilistic analyses, considering the various uncertainties during shield tunnelling. However, numerical simulation takes time, while mac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
905 Views
31 Pages

Alleviate Data Scarcity in Remanufacturing: Classifying the Reusability of Parts with Data-Efficient Generative Adversarial Networks (DE-GANs)

  • Maximilian Herold,
  • Engjëll Ahmeti,
  • Naga Sai Teja Kolakaleti,
  • Cagatay Odabasi,
  • Jan Koller and
  • Frank Döpper

8 September 2025

Remanufacturing, a key element of the circular economy, enables products and parts to have new life cycles through a systematic process. Initially, used products (cores) are visually inspected and categorized according to their manufacturer and varia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,622 Views
22 Pages

The Impact of Weather on Shared Bikes

  • Peng Liu,
  • Zhicheng Pan,
  • Zhenlong Fan and
  • Xiaoxia Wang

8 September 2025

This article explores the impact of weather and environment on shared bicycles. Using a random forest model combined with explanatory machine learning methods, the relationship, threshold effect, and interaction effect between weather factors and the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,147 Views
32 Pages

Static and Dynamic Malware Analysis Using CycleGAN Data Augmentation and Deep Learning Techniques

  • Moses Ashawa,
  • Robert McGregor,
  • Nsikak Pius Owoh,
  • Jude Osamor and
  • John Adejoh

8 September 2025

The increasing sophistication of malware and the use of evasive techniques such as obfuscation pose significant challenges to traditional detection methods. This paper presents a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) framework that integrates stati...

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Appl. Sci. - ISSN 2076-3417