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Applied Sciences, Volume 15, Issue 17

September-1 2025 - 625 articles

Cover Story: This study analyzes greenhouse gas emissions from ships visiting European ports between 2020 and 2023, utilizing data from the EU Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (EU-MRV) system. It examines the impact of the FuelEU Maritime Regulation on four types of ships during this period. It discusses updates to MARPOL Annex VI, including the Global Fuel Standard (GFS) designed to reduce emissions. A line contour method is employed to estimate emissions, focusing on tankers, bulk carriers, general cargo ships, and container ships while adhering to European regulations. This method models operational variables such as deadweight and ship age to categorize vessels based on their energy efficiency. View this paper
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Articles (625)

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,040 Views
23 Pages

Analysis of Vehicle Lateral Position in Curves Using a Driving Simulator: Road Markings, Human Factors and Road Features

  • Santiago Martin-Castresana,
  • Miriam Martinez-Garcia,
  • Rafael Enriquez and
  • Maria Castro

8 September 2025

The vehicle lateral position within a lane is critical in road safety, particularly on curved sections, where excessive deviations are often associated with crashes. This study analyses the effect of three traffic-calming measures on the lateral posi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,811 Views
14 Pages

Evaluation of Surface Roughness with Reduced Data of BRDF Pattern

  • Jui-Hsiang Yen,
  • Zih-Ying Fang and
  • Cheng-Huan Chen

8 September 2025

Traditional non-destructive measurement of surface roughness exploits complete data of bidirectional reflective distribution function (BRDF). The instrument is normally bulky and the process should be conducted off-line, hence it is time-consuming. I...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,808 Views
21 Pages

8 September 2025

Meteorological and climatological trends are surely changing the way urban infrastructure systems need to be operated and maintained. Urban road traffic fluctuates more significantly under the interference of strong wind–rain weather, especiall...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,337 Views
13 Pages

8 September 2025

The use of vertically stacked architectures in three-dimensional integrated circuits (3DICs) offers a transformative path for advancing Moore’s Law by significantly boosting computational density. A key obstacle arises from the integration of h...

  • Article
  • Open Access
708 Views
17 Pages

Design and Vibration Characteristic Analysis of Piezoelectric Micro Oil-Supply Device

  • Zhaoliang Dou,
  • Jianfang Da,
  • Gang Zhou,
  • Shaohua Zhang,
  • Lu Gao and
  • Fengbin Liu

8 September 2025

In response to the lubrication failure problem during spacecraft operation, new requirements have been put forward for micro, precise, and dynamically adjustable lubrication and oil-supply technology for its key moving components. This article charts...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,332 Views
29 Pages

8 September 2025

Digital twin (DT) technology, integrated with building information modeling (BIM), enables real-time feedback and predictive analytics in construction. This study presents a BIM-enabled DT framework to optimize in situ production and yard-stock manag...

  • Article
  • Open Access
604 Views
16 Pages

8 September 2025

Hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a promising clean energy technology for automotive applications owing to their high efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristics. Efficient hydrogen recirculation is critical for su...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
875 Views
23 Pages

8 September 2025

Topology optimization serves as a critical method for promoting lightweight structural design. Traditional methods predominantly focus on mechanical performance evaluation, often neglecting the critical correlation between modal characteristics and s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,151 Views
15 Pages

8 September 2025

This study investigates the effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)-manufactured Hastelloy H. This research evaluates the trade-offs between defect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
899 Views
14 Pages

Novel Machine Learning-Based Approach for Determining Milk Clotting Time Using Sheep Milk

  • João Dias,
  • Sandra Gomes,
  • Karina S. Silvério,
  • Daniela Freitas,
  • Jaime Fernandes,
  • João Martins,
  • José Jasnau Caeiro,
  • Manuela Lageiro and
  • Nuno Alvarenga

8 September 2025

The enzymatic coagulation of milk, crucial in cheese production, entails the hydrolysis of κ-casein and subsequent micelle aggregation. Conventional assessment standards, such as the Berridge method, depend on visual inspection and are suscepti...

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Appl. Sci. - ISSN 2076-3417