Applied Sciences, Volume 15, Issue 17

The vehicle lateral position within a lane is critical in road safety, particularly on curved sections, where excessive deviations are often associated with crashes. This study analyses the effect of three traffic-calming measures on the lateral posi...

Traditional non-destructive measurement of surface roughness exploits complete data of bidirectional reflective distribution function (BRDF). The instrument is normally bulky and the process should be conducted off-line, hence it is time-consuming. I...

Meteorological and climatological trends are surely changing the way urban infrastructure systems need to be operated and maintained. Urban road traffic fluctuates more significantly under the interference of strong wind–rain weather, especiall...

The use of vertically stacked architectures in three-dimensional integrated circuits (3DICs) offers a transformative path for advancing Moore’s Law by significantly boosting computational density. A key obstacle arises from the integration of h...

In response to the lubrication failure problem during spacecraft operation, new requirements have been put forward for micro, precise, and dynamically adjustable lubrication and oil-supply technology for its key moving components. This article charts...

Digital twin (DT) technology, integrated with building information modeling (BIM), enables real-time feedback and predictive analytics in construction. This study presents a BIM-enabled DT framework to optimize in situ production and yard-stock manag...

Hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a promising clean energy technology for automotive applications owing to their high efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristics. Efficient hydrogen recirculation is critical for su...

Topology optimization serves as a critical method for promoting lightweight structural design. Traditional methods predominantly focus on mechanical performance evaluation, often neglecting the critical correlation between modal characteristics and s...

This study investigates the effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)-manufactured Hastelloy H. This research evaluates the trade-offs between defect...

The enzymatic coagulation of milk, crucial in cheese production, entails the hydrolysis of κ-casein and subsequent micelle aggregation. Conventional assessment standards, such as the Berridge method, depend on visual inspection and are suscepti...

The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) is widely used to evaluate upper limb motor performance after stroke. However, conventional approaches may overlook domain-specific neuromuscular and kinematic differences during task execution. This study classifi...

The Distributed No-Wait Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (DNWFSP) arises in various manufacturing contexts, such as chemical production and electronic assembly, where strict no-wait constraints and multi-factory coordination are required. Solving the DNW...

Compositional Zero-Shot Learning (CZSL) seeks to enable machines to recognize objects and attributes (i.e., primitives),learn their associations, and generalize to novel compositions, enabling systems to exhibit a human-like ability to infer and gene...

Data Spaces appear to offer a solution to data sovereignty concerns in public cloud environments, which are managed by third parties and must therefore be considered potentially untrusted. The IDS Connector, a key component of Data Space architecture...

On-machine measurement is a highly effective approach for enhancing machining accuracy and efficiency. A critical factor influencing the accuracy of on-machine measurements is the straightness error of the linear guideway. However, this error is sign...

A systematic and highly efficient current commands generator for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) in electric vehicles is proposed. This paper integrates maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), maximum power control (MPC), and maximum...

Numerical simulation and machine learning-based methods are frequently adopted when performing ground movement probabilistic analyses, considering the various uncertainties during shield tunnelling. However, numerical simulation takes time, while mac...

Remanufacturing, a key element of the circular economy, enables products and parts to have new life cycles through a systematic process. Initially, used products (cores) are visually inspected and categorized according to their manufacturer and varia...

This article explores the impact of weather and environment on shared bicycles. Using a random forest model combined with explanatory machine learning methods, the relationship, threshold effect, and interaction effect between weather factors and the...

The increasing sophistication of malware and the use of evasive techniques such as obfuscation pose significant challenges to traditional detection methods. This paper presents a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) framework that integrates stati...

Understanding the interaction between submerged water jets and cohesive deep-sea sediment is critical for optimizing deep-sea polymetallic nodule hydraulic mining techniques. This research investigated the distinct erosion behavior of cohesive sedime...

Colorectal cancer is a significant health concern that can often be prevented through early detection of precancerous polyps during routine screenings. Although artificial intelligence (AI) methods have shown potential in reducing polyp miss rates, c...

Investigating rainfall infiltration mechanisms and slope stability dynamics under varying vegetation cover conditions is essential for advancing ecological slope protection methodologies. This research focuses on large-scale outdoor slope models, wit...

A fundamental aspect in the evaluation of mining projects is the classification of mineral resources, as it directly influences the definition of mineral reserves and affects both the planning and operational phases of the mine. Traditional methods e...

This systematic review investigates the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and information and communication technologies (ICT) in physical education across all educational levels. Physical education is uniquely centered on motor skill devel...

High-speed propulsion systems require supersonic inlets for operation; however, these inlets lose efficiency when the flight speed range is wide. Fixed-geometry inlets designed for particular conditions encounter operational difficulties when running...

This paper proposes a calibration method for redundant robot arms with highly elastic joints. The method uses the second-order Chebyshev polynomial to characterize the variation in the error with the poses of all joints. This error model is consisten...

The identification of lithium (Li) geochemical anomalies is crucial for the exploration of Li mineral resources. However, variations in lithological backgrounds in lithologically complex regions often hinder the accurate identification of these anoma...

The structure of betulin enables the formation of conjugates that offer improved activity, selectivity, or pharmacokinetic parameters. It was assumed that combining betulin with hippuric acid could produce a product with favorable biological properti...

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) fracturing and acid treatment are currently considered promising approaches to overcome the challenge of excessively high initiation pressure during conventional hydraulic fracturing in tight sandstone gas reservoirs. However, th...

Pneumonia remains a major global health concern, leading to significant mortality and morbidity. The identification of pneumonia by chest X-rays can be difficult due to its similarity to other lung disorders. In this paper, Natural Gradiant Boost (NG...

This study is the first to directly compare natural dynamic penumbra shadows with experimentally replicated constant-intensity shadows on photovoltaic modules, providing new insights into the limitations of conventional shadow approximations found in...

Road traffic accidents are the eighth leading cause of human deaths. In order to study two-vehicle accidents, this paper extracted data from 493 two-vehicle accidents from the CIDAS database from 2011 to 2022, used machine learning methods to analyze...

The indirect evaporative cooling system, which exploits the water evaporation process to generate cooling loads without introducing additional moisture, has been recognised as a viable alternative to conventional air-conditioning systems. This acknow...

New energy vehicles (NEVs) rely heavily on Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) to perform frequent battery voltage conversions for operations such as acceleration, deceleration, and hill climbing. Consequently, effective thermal management of...

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) aims to predict subjective human emotions by leveraging multimodal information. However, existing research inadequately utilizes explicit sentiment semantic information at the lexical level in text and overlooks no...

The study of the material composition, textural, and structural features of skarns and magnetite ores is of great importance for increasing the efficiency of iron ore mining and its subsequent processing and enrichment. In the northwestern Balkhash r...

To address the limitations of CNNs and RNNs in handling complex operating conditions, multi-scale degradation patterns, and long-term dependencies—with attention mechanisms often failing to highlight key degradation features—this paper pr...

Sustainable irrigation in water-limited regions requires timely, field-scale estimates of soil water content (SWC). Yet, field-scale SWC studies leveraging near-daily satellite imagery of regenerative systems—particularly cotton under Mediterra...

Pentagonal two-dimensional allotropes—penta-graphene (PG) and penta-SiC₂—are promising but experimentally elusive materials whose identification requires spectroscopic fingerprints that extend beyond ground-state descriptors. Using densit...

Cadmium {Cd (II)} poses a high risk to ecological security and human health due to its high toxicity, easy migration and difficult degradation. Using waste rubber seed shell biochar (RSSB) as the carrier material of nZVI may inhibit the caking oxidat...

Sparse Matrix–Vector Multiplication (SpMV) is a critical computational kernel in high-performance computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence (AI). However, its irregular memory access patterns lead to frequent cache misses on multi-level cache...

Substantial time-dependent deformation and support failure in deep tunnels through water-rich red-bed soft rock present critical engineering challenges, yet the underlying mechanisms under hydro-mechanical coupling remain inadequately quantified. Thi...

Accurate re-identification of individual cows is crucial for effective herd management in precision cattle farming. However, this task is challenging in real-world scenarios due to variability in cow appearances and environmental conditions as well a...

This paper proposes a new local thresholding method to further explore the relationship between gradients and image patterns. In most studies, the image gradient histogram is simply divided into K bins that have the same intervals in angular space. T...

This paper investigates modulation recognition technology for high-order modulated signals. Addressing the issue that existing deep learning-based modulation recognition methods struggle to effectively capture the features of long sequence signals in...

Multi-core fiber (MCF) has drawn increasing attention for its potential application in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) due to the compact optical structure of integrating several fiber cores in the same cladding, which indicates an intrinsic space...

Block caving is a cost-effective mining method that enables the highly efficient mining of thick and large ore bodies. During ore extraction in block caving operations, the ore-drawing roadways require especially high safety standards. However, the c...

UAV delivery and ground transfer scheduling in emergency scenarios represent critical technological systems for enhancing disaster response capabilities and safeguarding lives and property. This study systematically reviews recent advances across eig...

The increasing demand for sustainable alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals underscores the need for novel, naturally derived plant growth regulators (PGRs) with high specificity and minimal environmental impact. In this study, we propose agavenin...