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Trends and Prospects in Retinal and Corneal Diseases

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 January 2026 | Viewed by 768

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: neuroanatomy; neuromorphology; molecular biology; diabetic retinopathy; neurodegenerative disease; neuropetides
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Retinal and corneal diseases represent the major causes of visual impairment worldwide. In the last decade, many advances in the diagnosis and treatment of these ocular pathologies have been made.

Gene therapy and stem cell-based regenerative treatments are offering new hope for inherited retinal diseases. Instead, in corneal diseases, corneal transplantation remains the gold standard treatment for severe cases, but innovations like bioengineered corneas and regenerative medicine are paving the way for more accessible solutions.

In the present Special Issue, we want to explore the key trends and future directions in retinal and corneal disease management.

Original research articles and reviews on any aspects of the physiopathology, diagnosis, and treatment of retinal and corneal diseases are welcome.

Dr. Grazia Maugeri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • retinal diseases
  • corneal diseases
  • gene therapy
  • bioengineering
  • regeneration

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

34 pages, 558 KiB  
Review
Emerging Trends and Management for Sjögren Syndrome-Related Dry Eye Corneal Alterations
by Maria Letizia Salvetat, Francesco Pellegrini, Fabiana D’Esposito, Mutali Musa, Daniele Tognetto, Rosa Giglio, Roberta Foti, Caterina Gagliano and Marco Zeppieri
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 5076; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095076 - 2 May 2025
Viewed by 551
Abstract
Background: Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune condition marked by significant dry eye disease (DED), leading to considerable corneal changes. These modifications, encompassing punctate epithelial erosions, chronic epithelial abnormalities, and corneal ulcers, significantly impact eyesight and quality of life. Progress in comprehending [...] Read more.
Background: Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune condition marked by significant dry eye disease (DED), leading to considerable corneal changes. These modifications, encompassing punctate epithelial erosions, chronic epithelial abnormalities, and corneal ulcers, significantly impact eyesight and quality of life. Progress in comprehending the corneal pathophysiology associated with SS has prompted innovative diagnostic and treatment approaches. Aim: This narrative review aims to examine developing trends in the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for Sjögren’s syndrome-associated corneal changes. Methods: The study was based on a narrative review of the current literature available on PubMed and Cochrane from Jan 2000 to December 2024. Results: Corneal changes associated with Sjögren’s syndrome result from a multifactorial interaction of ocular surface inflammation, tear film instability, and epithelium degradation. Recent research underscores the significance of immune-mediated pathways, such as T-cell-induced inflammation and cytokine dysregulation, as crucial factors in corneal disease. Innovations in diagnostic instruments, including in vivo confocal microscopy and tear proteomics, provide earlier and more accurate identification of subclinical alterations in the corneal epithelium and stroma. Therapeutic developments concentrate on meeting the specific requirements of SS-related DED. Biological treatments, especially tailored inhibitors of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, show potential in mitigating inflammation and facilitating epithelial repair. Moreover, regenerative approaches, such as autologous serum tears and mesenchymal stem cell therapies, provide innovative methods to repair ocular surface integrity. Advanced drug delivery technologies, including nanoparticle-loaded eye drops, enhance bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion: Recent developments in comprehending SS-related corneal changes have transformed the management approach to precision medicine. The combination of improved diagnostics and innovative therapy approaches offers potential for reducing disease progression, maintaining corneal health, and enhancing patient outcomes. Subsequent investigations ought to concentrate on enhancing these tactics and examining their long-term safety and effectiveness. Clinicians and researchers must adopt these developments to successfully tackle the difficulties of SS-related corneal illness, providing hope for improved care and higher quality of life for those affected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends and Prospects in Retinal and Corneal Diseases)
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