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Article

Design of a Compact IPT System for Medium Distance-to-Diameter Ratio AGV Applications with Enhanced Misalignment Tolerance

1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
2
Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(17), 9799; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179799 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 8 August 2025 / Revised: 1 September 2025 / Accepted: 4 September 2025 / Published: 6 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control Systems for Next Generation Electric Applications)

Abstract

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) operating in uneven environments are typically designed with an elevated chassis to enhance obstacle-crossing. In inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for such AGVs, a long transmission distance along with limited installation space for coils leads to a medium distance-to-diameter ratio (DDR) (1 < DDR ≤ 2), which reduces coupling efficiency and degrades misalignment tolerance. To address this issue, this paper proposes a compact dual-receiver IPT system for medium DDR conditions. The system adopts a flat U-shaped solenoid (FUS) coil as both the transmitter and the primary receiver, and a square solenoid (SS) coil as the secondary receiver, forming the FUSS dual-receiver structure. The FUS coil is optimized through finite element analysis to improve coupling, while the SS coil captures vertical flux to compensate for misalignment losses, thereby enhancing misalignment tolerance. A hybrid rectifier integrating a full-bridge and voltage doubler topology is used to suppress output voltage fluctuation, reduce the number of receiver coil turns, and minimize system volume. A 300 W/100 kHz prototype with a coupler size of 183 × 126 × 838 mm3 achieves 83.51% efficiency under medium DDR and a 185 mm air gap. Voltage fluctuation remains within 5% under ±51.4% X-axis and ±51.7% Y-axis misalignment, confirming the stable power delivery and improved misalignment tolerance of the system.
Keywords: inductive power transfer (IPT); medium distance-to-diameter ratio (DDR); suppress output voltage fluctuation; improved misalignment tolerance inductive power transfer (IPT); medium distance-to-diameter ratio (DDR); suppress output voltage fluctuation; improved misalignment tolerance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xie, J.; Li, G.; Yang, Z.; Jo, S.; Kim, D.-H. Design of a Compact IPT System for Medium Distance-to-Diameter Ratio AGV Applications with Enhanced Misalignment Tolerance. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 9799. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179799

AMA Style

Xie J, Li G, Yang Z, Jo S, Kim D-H. Design of a Compact IPT System for Medium Distance-to-Diameter Ratio AGV Applications with Enhanced Misalignment Tolerance. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(17):9799. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179799

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xie, Junchen, Guangyao Li, Zhiliang Yang, Seungjin Jo, and Dong-Hee Kim. 2025. "Design of a Compact IPT System for Medium Distance-to-Diameter Ratio AGV Applications with Enhanced Misalignment Tolerance" Applied Sciences 15, no. 17: 9799. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179799

APA Style

Xie, J., Li, G., Yang, Z., Jo, S., & Kim, D.-H. (2025). Design of a Compact IPT System for Medium Distance-to-Diameter Ratio AGV Applications with Enhanced Misalignment Tolerance. Applied Sciences, 15(17), 9799. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179799

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