The underwater internet of things (UIoT) has emerged as a booming technology in today’s digital world due to the enhancement of a wide range of underwater applications concerning ocean exploration, deep-sea monitoring, underwater surveillance,...
The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) holds significant promise for developing a smart ocean. In recent years, there has been swift progress in data collection methods using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) within underwater acoustic sensor n...
The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is an evolving class of Internet of Things and it is considered the basic unit for the development of smart cities. To support the idea of IoUT, an Underwater Sensor Network (USN) has emerged as a potential te...
This paper introduces a novel energy-efficient lightweight, void hole avoidance, localization, and trust-based scheme, termed as Energy-Efficient and Trust-based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (EETAUV) protocol designed for 6G-enabled underwater acous...
As critical platforms for long-endurance ocean exploration, unmanned underwater vehicles (AUVs) play an increasingly vital role in marine surveying and resident observation. However, in extreme deep-sea environments, their energy systems face severe...
The global demand for innovative underwater applications is increasing, encompassing scientific research, commercial endeavors, and defense operations. A significant challenge these applications face is fulfilling the energy requirements of underwate...
This review paper discusses the complete evolution of free-space optical (FSO) communication, also known as unguided optical communication (UOC) technologies, all the way back to ancient man’s fire to today’s machine-learning-supported UO...
This paper discusses the method for extending the range of Magnetic Induction (MI) and its application in underwater networks for the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT). In underwater communication, this technology would provide a wider frequency b...
With the rapid advancement of underwater communication and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies, the potential applications of cross-medium communication in environmental monitoring, maritime Internet of Things (IoTs), and rescue operations, in...
A full design of the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) with a high data rate is one of the greatest underwater communication difficulties due to the unavailability of a sustainable power source for the battery supplies of sensor nodes, electromagn...
The knowledge of environmental depth is essential in multiple robotics and computer vision tasks for both terrestrial and underwater scenarios. Moreover, the hardware on which this technology runs, generally IoT and embedded devices, are limited in t...
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) play a central role in marine observation, inspection, and monitoring missions, where effective trajectory planning is essential for ensuring safe operation, reliable sensing, and efficient data transfer. In real...
Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth’s surface. For various reasons, almost 95% of these areas remain unexplored. Underwater wireless communication (UWC) has widespread applications, including real-time aquatic data collection, naval surveil...
The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is an emerging area in marine science and engineering. It has witnessed significant research and development attention from both academia and industries due to its growing underwater use cases in oceanographic...
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered a promising multiple access technique for fifth generation (5G) mobile networks and tactical internet due to its high spectral efficiency. Thanks to the high spectral efficiency of NOMA, it can be a...
With the advancements in wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have attracted much attention, which has also been widely used in marine engineering exploration and disaster...
Nowadays, the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) provides many marine 5G applications. However, it has some issues with energy efficiency and network lifetime. The network clustering approach is efficient for optimizing energy consumption, especial...
This research introduces a hybrid approach combining bio- and nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms to enhance scheduling efficiency and minimize energy consumption in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs). Five hybridized algorithms are des...
Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) are key enabling technology for the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), supporting environmental monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster warning and surveillance. Existing routing approaches include de...
A spatial modulation (SM) scheme has been developed as a hopeful candidate for spectral and energy-efficient wireless communication systems, as it provides a great judgment for the system performance, data transmission rate, receiver complexity, and...
With the continuous advancement of ocean exploration and development, energy supply for underwater electronic equipment has become a key bottleneck restricting long-term operation. Traditional wired power supply and battery-powered operation suffer f...
With the advent of the Internet of Underwater Things, smart things are deployed in the ocean space and establish underwater wireless sensor networks for the monitoring of vast and dynamic underwater environments. When events are found to have possibl...
With the booming development of marine exploration technology, new studies such as the oceanix city, smart coastal city, and underwater smart cities have been proposed, and the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) has received a lot of attention. Dat...
Nowadays, the Internet of Things enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (IoT-UWSN) is suffering from serious performance restrictions, i.e., high End to End (E2E) delay, low energy efficiency, low data reliability, etc. The necessity of efficient...
This review examines the integration of blockchain technology with the IoT in the Marine Internet of Things (MIoT) and Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), with applications in areas such as oceanographic monitoring and naval defense. These environm...
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology in underwater communication because of its potential to monitor underwater activities. IoT devices enable a variety of applications such as submarine and navy defense systems, pre-disaster preven...
Conventional underwater technologies were not able to provide authentication and proper visualization of unexplored ocean areas to accommodate a wide range of applications. The aforesaid technologies face several challenges including decentralization...
Nowadays, there is a growing trend in smart cities. Therefore, Terrestrial and Internet of Things (IoT) enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (TWSNs and IoT-UWSNs) are mostly used for observing and communicating via smart technologies. For the...
To enable long-term, large-scale, dense underwater sensor networks or Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) this research investigates new novel waveforms and experimental prototypes for robust communications on ultra-low-cost and ultra-low-power, min...
The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has made it possible to explore different types of communication, such as underwater IoT (UIoT). This new paradigm allows the interconnection of ships, boats, coasts, objects in the sea, cameras, and animals t...
Nowadays, there is a growing trend in smart cities. Therefore, the Internet of Things (IoT) enabled Underwater and Wireless Sensor Networks (I-UWSN) are mostly used for monitoring and exploring the environment with the help of smart technology, such...
Visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology for wireless communication due to its advantages of the vast optical spectrum, high energy efficiency, and no electromagnetic interference radiation. With the widespread adoption...
One of the major issues facing the world is the resource of safe water, which is decreasing rapidly due to climatic changes, contamination, and pollution. The most affected living beings are underwater life forms as they eventually take these toxins...
Due to the limited availability of battery power of the acoustic node, an efficient utilization is desired. Additionally, the aquatic environment is harsh; therefore, the battery cannot be replaced, which leaves the network prone to sudden failures....
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have taken a giant leap in scale, expanding their applicability to a large variety of technological domains and applications, ranging from the Internet of things (IoT) for smart cities and smart homes to wearable techn...
The growing world population necessitates more efficient food production, particularly in agriculture. Traditional irrigation techniques usually result in overwatering or underwatering, which wastes energy and water and reduces agricultural productiv...
Effective operation and maintenance (O&M) of deep-sea observation networks are challenged by complex environments and energy limitations. While digital twin (DT) technology offers promising solutions, existing frameworks struggle with high-fideli...
Measuring biodiversity simultaneously in different locations, at different temporal scales, and over wide spatial scales is of strategic importance for the improvement of our understanding of the functioning of marine ecosystems and for the conservat...
Passive acoustic monitoring of ocean surface wind speed and rainfall faces severe degradation in shallow waters due to multipath propagation and non-meteorological noise interference. To address these challenges within the Internet of Underwater Thin...
This research paper provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and potential solutions related to enabling haptic communication over the Tactile Internet in the context of 6G networks. The increasing demand for multimedia services and device...