Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and S. Paratyphi, namely typhoidal Salmonellae, are the cause of (para) typhoid fever, which is a devastating systemic infectious disease in humans. In addition, the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and...
The emergence and spread of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid in Karachi, Pakistan led to an outbreak response in Lyari Town, Karachi utilizing a mass immunization campaign with typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Typbar TCV®. The mass immuni...
Typhoid fever remains a significant health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, with incidence rates of >100 cases per 100,000 person-years of observation. Despite the prequalification of safe and effective typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCV), some uncerta...
Typhoid fever, measles, and rubella continue to contribute significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality in India. In line with WHO recommendations for co-administration of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) and measles–rubella (MR) vaccine a...
Enteric fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi (S. Paratyphi) A, B, and C. Globally, an estimated 11 to 21 million cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever occur annually, with approxim...
11 September 2021
Polysaccharides are often the most abundant antigens found on the extracellular surfaces of bacterial cells. These polysaccharides play key roles in interactions with the outside world, and for many bacterial pathogens, they represent what is present...
Background: Fowl typhoid (FT), a septicemic infection caused by Salmonella Gallinarum (SG), and H9N2 avian influenza are two economically important diseases that significantly affect the global poultry industry. Methods: We exploited the live attenua...
In this work, we formulate and mathematically study integer and fractional models of typhoid fever transmission dynamics. The models include vaccination as a control measure. After recalling some preliminary results for the integer model (determinati...
The live attenuated vaccine strain, SG9R, has been used against fowl typhoid worldwide, but it can revert to the pathogenic smooth strain owing to single nucleotide changes such as nonsense mutations in the rfaJ gene. As SG9R possesses an intact Salm...
Typhoid fever due to Salmonella Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infections caused by serovars Enteritidis (SE) and Typhimurium (STm) are major pediatric health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. Typhoid has high complication rates, and...
Salmonella is considered the major zoonotic and foodborne pathogen responsible for human infections. It includes the serovars causing typhoid fever (S. typhi and S. paratyphi) and the non-typhoidal salmonella (NTS) serovars (S. enteritidis and S. typ...
A lack of a universal adult immunization scheme in India poses a challenge to achieve universal health coverage. Healthcare disparity is one of the biggest challenges in low- and middle-income countries such as India. We aimed to estimate the dispari...
Non-typhoidal Salmonella are a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, as well as causing bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa with a high fatality rate. No vaccine is currently available for human use. Current vaccine development strategie...
Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major foodborne pathogen, with poultry products, especially eggs, being the primary source of human infections. Current serovar-specific poultry vaccines effectively reduce targeted Salmonella serovars...
We present a nonautonomous compartmental model that incorporates vaccination and accounts for the seasonal transmission of typhoid fever. The dynamics of the system are governed by the basic reproductive number R0. This demonstrates the global stabil...
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections in poultry, particularly in commercial-layer chickens, pose a critical risk to food safety and public health worldwide. NTS bacteria can remain undetected in poultry flocks, contaminating products and potenti...
Vi-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are efficacious against typhoid fever in children living in endemic settings, their recent deployment is a promising step in the control of typhoid fever. However, there is currently no accepted correlate of prote...
Typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCV) are effective in preventing enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Southeast Asia and Africa. To facilitate vaccination with the Vi capsular polysaccharide–tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine, Typba...
Even with the intensive efforts by public health programs to control and prevent it, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection remains an important public health challenge. It is responsible for approximately 150 million illnesses and 60,000 deaths wo...
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality caused by enteric pathogens worldwide in both children and adults, and vaccines are not yet available. The measurement of antigen-specific antibodies in the sera of vaccinate...
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars are significant health burden worldwide. Although much effort has been devoted to developing typhoid-based vaccines for humans, currently there is no NTS vaccine available. Presented here is the efficacy of a l...
A considerable number of travelers receive multiple travel vaccinations before going on holiday. Here, we present a case report of a 56-year-old male traveler. On day 1, he received vaccinations against influenza, Tdab (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphth...
Background/Objectives: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever together are responsible for millions of cases and thousands of deaths per year, most of which occur in children in South and Southeast Asia. While typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) are licensed, n...
Non-typhoidal salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a common fecal-oral disease characterized by mild gastrointestinal distress resulting in diarrhea, chills, fever, abdominal cramps, head and body aches, nausea, and vom...
Background/Objectives: Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi remains an important public health problem in Ghana. Understanding the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of S. Typhi is crucial to guide the treatm...
Despite major progress in the last several decades in reducing the public and animal health burden of infectious disease a number of issues remain to be resolved and which have thus far been regarded as intractable. These include (i) the persistent c...
Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers represent a global health burden, especially in Southern Asia, exacerbated by the increase in antimicrobial resistance. While vaccines against Salmonella Typhi have been successfully introduced, a vaccine ag...
Background: Co-administration of vaccines can impact the immune response and safety. We aim to systematically review the current scientific literature and find evidence regarding the immunogenicity and safety of pneumococcal vaccines co-administered...
Typhoid fever is a potentially severe and occasionally life-threatening bacteraemic illness caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). In Pakistan, an outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi cases began in November 2016. We...
Vaccination is the most successful application of immunological principles to human health. Vaccine efficacy needs to be reviewed from time to time and its safety is an overriding consideration. DNA vaccines offer simple yet effective means of induci...
In the 21st century, enteric fever is still causing a significant number of mortalities, especially in high-risk regions of the world. Genetic studies involving the genome and transcriptome have revealed a broad set of candidate genetic polymorphisms...
Salmonellosis is a bacterial zoonosis causing an array of health conditions. Non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) has a discrete adaptation to certain animals; in poultry, pullorum and fowl typhoid are its primary disease manifestations. The diseases ar...
8 November 2024
Salmonella has had a long and intimate relationship with humans and continues to raise concerns for human health, but this close bond also provides opportunities for new therapeutics and treatments. Although Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the p...
Women and men keeping chickens in Kenya aspire to have a source of income, feed their families healthy food, and grow their businesses. Managing animal diseases and minimizing input costs enable their success. This study uses qualitative methods to r...
Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system, and their immunogenicity is key in achieving protection against specific pathogens. Questions have been raised whether in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients they could induce disease exacerbation and whet...
Typhoid fever is an infectious disease that affects humanity worldwide; it is particularly dangerous in areas with communities of a lower socio-economic status, where many individuals are exposed to a dirty environment and unclean food. A mathematica...
Background: Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. typhi) continues to pose a significant risk to public health in developing countries, including Pakistan. This study investigated the epidemiological factors linked to suspecte...
22 October 2022
Vaccination is a very common topic, but it is rarely raised or discussed with respect to military members. Soldiers are one of the main professional groups to be immunized on a regular basis. The military actively participates in research on new vacc...
Vaccinating pregnant women in order to protect them, the fetus, and the child has become universal in no way at all. Prejudice in health professionals add to fears of women and their families. Both these feelings are not supported by even the smalles...
Background: While all European countries implement vaccination programs for children, there are gaps in terms of vaccination programs for adults. Methods: We studied the 2019 vaccination policies for adults in 42 European countries. Results: Vaccinat...
Salmonella is a significant zoonotic foodborne pathogen, and the global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains poses substantial challenges, necessitating alternatives to antibiotics. Among these alternatives, vaccines protect the community agai...
The aqueous extract of Swertia chirata Buch Ham. Root (ASC) (Family: Gentianaceae) was evaluated for its antipyretic potential on Brewer’s yeastinduced pyrexia in albino rats and Typhoid-Paratyphoid A, B vaccine induced Hyperexia in rabbits. In both...
Worldwide, poultry infections by Salmonella are the cause of significant economic losses, not only due to reduced production (due to fowl typhoid disease), but also considering the efforts and control measures that must be constantly applied, especia...
Newborns are born with an immature immune system, making them susceptible to infections early in life. Human milk provides essential nutrients and immunological factors that support infant immunity. Maternal vaccination during lactation has the poten...
Background/Objectives: Over the past 50 years, developing new vaccines has been pivotal in responding to emerging and re-emerging diseases globally. However, despite substantial partner support, introducing new vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa remains...
In recent years, the advance in whole-genome sequencing technology has changed the study of infectious diseases. The emergence of genome sequencing has improved the understanding of infectious diseases, which has revamped many fields, such as molecul...
Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) represents the most prevalent cause of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease, and currently no licensed vaccine is available. In this work we characterized the long-term anti-bacterial immunity elicited by a ST...
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infection cause a significant global health and economic burden. This systematic review aims to investigate the reported economic burden of NTS and iNTS infection,...
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of gastroenteritis and is responsible for approximately 93 million cases annually. In healthy individuals, gastroenteritis caused by NTS is usually self-limiting, however, NTS can cause severe invasive...
Non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) represents one of the major causes of foodborne diseases, which are made worse by the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance. Thus, NTS are a significant and common public health concern. The purpose of this study...
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