The Great Wall is a world-renowned cultural heritage site and a national key protected cultural relic in China. The plants on the top surface of the Great Wall heritage site are one of the factors leading to the occurrence and continuous deterioratio...
The cultural, architectural, and historical heritage value of the Great Wall of China drives the need to maintain, rehabilitate, and restore its structural integrity from artificial and natural damage. In this study, a hybrid architectural visualizat...
The Jinshanling Great Wall was constructed during the Ming Dynasty. It has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List and is also designated as a Major National Historical and Cultural Site, as ratified and announced by the State Council. This...
The Great Wall of China, one of the nation’s most remarkable military defense structures, possesses a history spanning several millennia and is associated with numerous heritage sites. Today, it stands as a world-renowned cultural heritage asse...
The Great Wall’s heritage, as an iconic symbol of traditional Chinese culture, has fostered prosperous development of the surrounding tourism industry. As a representative of linear cultural heritage, the Great Wall traverses mountainous region...
The Great Wall of China constitutes a significant cultural treasure of the Chinese nation and a valuable piece of heritage of world civilization. Owing to both natural and anthropogenic factors, the Great Wall is undergoing gradual deformation, there...
Hollow Enemy Towers, as iconic structures of the Ming Great Wall, are renowned for their roles in defense surveillance, weapon storage, and firearm operation. Recent studies have indicated that certain Hollow Enemy Towers along the Ji Town section of...
The settlements of the Great Wall are the product of the overlap of ancient Chinese agricultural civilization and non-agricultural civilization. The structure of the settlement system is of great value for understanding the law of defense engineering...
The Great Wall, as a globally important large-scale linear cultural heritage asset, is an example of the integration of architecture and landscape, demonstrating the interaction and feedback between heritage and the environment. In the context of adv...
The problem of allocating multiple UAV tasks is a complex combinatorial optimization challenge, involving various constraints. This paper presents an autonomous multi-UAV cooperative task allocation method based on an improved Great Wall Construction...
The Great Wall is a world-famous World Heritage Site facing serious environmental and structural fragmentation problems. This study considered the watershed an essential basis for delineating the Great Wall cultural zone boundary. The relevant waters...
The Great Wall of China is a cultural monument of profound historical significance and a testament to the evolution of various historical periods. As a living heritage, it holds exceptional value. However, due to inadequate protection measures in rec...
Exploring the spatial structure of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and constructing heritage corridors are conducive to the adaptive reuse of heritage and the improvement of the surviving environment, which is of great significance to the living i...
The region along the Great Wall is a typical dryland agricultural zone, serving as both a potential area for staple grain production and a key region for specialty crops like coarse grains and cool-climate vegetables. Studying the characteristics of...
The development of the Great Wall National Cultural Park has unleashed the potential for integrating cultural and tourism development along the Great Wall. However, ICH along the Great Wall, a key part of its cultural identity, suffers from low recog...
The Great Wall is an example of linear cultural Heritage (LCH) subjected to a fragile ecological environment and unbalanced economic development. However, no studies have been conducted to assess the sustainable development suitability (SDS) of the G...
Investigation of the composition range of the rammed earth from the Shanhaiguan Great Wall is of great significance for the conservation of cultural heritage. Based on the basic physical properties, shear strength parameters, and the results of XRD,...
The earthen border wall (Great Wall) built by the Ming is largely made of wind-blown loess. However, does the composition of this loess change along the length of the wall in response to variations in regional sediment transport pathways and impactin...
Following the completion of the Great Wall Resource Survey in 2012, numerous landscape heritage resources along the Great Wall remained undiscovered, highlighting the limitations of conventional survey methods. This study aimed to conduct in-depth in...
Hiking is now one of the most popular activities amongst adventure travelers. Although recent studies have highlighted the differences between Chinese adventure tourists and their international counterparts, few studies have comprehensively explored...
The sustainable protection of cultural heritage is essential for the intergenerational transmission of cultural diversity and represents a central theme in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on “heritage resilience governan...
Great Wall villages are living cultural landscapes within a linear heritage corridor, yet they face growing pressures from population decline, rural hollowing, uneven development, and tourism-related transformation. This study evaluates the cultural...
The Qi Great Wall is one of China’s earliest surviving linear cultural heritage corridors, and its surrounding rural areas play a dual role in heritage conservation and tourism development. However, the corridor has received limited attention i...
To elucidate the compositional characteristics and sources of heavy metals in aerosols at China’s Great Wall Station in Antarctica, high-volume aerosol sampling was conducted from 4 January to 26 December 2022, on Fildes Peninsula, King George...
The surface of the Great Wall harbors a large number of non-vascular plants dominated by cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses as well as microorganisms, and form biocrusts by cementing with the soils and greatly alters the pore structure of the soil and...
Military settlements along the Ming Great Wall are typical representatives of the construction of the ancient Chinese military defense system. The location of the military fortification is complex, and the settlements are scattered and affected by mu...
To support the long-term monitoring and preventive conservation of linear cultural heritage, this study proposes a UAV-LiDAR DEM-constrained SBAS-InSAR long-term time-series monitoring method to identify the spatiotemporal deformation patterns and ri...
The Great Wall of China is more than a wall: it is an extensive cultural route. Pass cities, which are usually large defensive fortresses overseeing an entire fortified area, are an essential part of this heritage and are at the core of the Great Wal...
The Great Green Wall (GGW) initiative, which started in 2007 and is still in development as of 2024, aims to combat desertification and enhance sustainability over 8000 km across Africa’s Sahel-Sahara region, encompassing 11 key countries and 7...
The Sahelian Great Green Wall (SGGW) is an influential project to combat desertification and promote sustainable land management on a large scale, involving 11 countries in the Sahel region of Africa. The UNCCD’s 2020 progress report showed a m...
The Han Dynasty Great Wall (GH), one of the largest and most significant ancient defense projects in the whole of northern China, has been studied increasingly not only because it provides important information about the diplomatic and military strat...
Visitor access in linear defensive built heritage landscapes needs to balance historical interpretation, route accessibility, and current protection constraints. This issue is evident in the Laoniuwan section of the Ming Great Wall in Shanxi Province...
The Ming Great Wall (M-GW) is the most representative large linear heritage in China, and faces the problem of landscape fragmentation caused by traditional monument-based protection and disorderly tourism development. We propose to utilise character...
4 November 2021
Ecological risk assessment is an important part of the sustainable development of World Heritage. The Ming Great Wall Heritage (MGWH) plays an important role in World Heritage conservation as a representative of large linear heritage, yet its ecologi...
Complex global optimization problems are widely encountered in wireless sensor network deployment, engineering design, energy scheduling, structural optimization, and intelligent parameter optimization. Due to their gradient-free search mechanism, st...
As sustainable tourism gains global momentum, extended reality (XR) technologies have emerged as important tools for enhancing visitor experiences at overburdened World Heritage Sites while mitigating physical deterioration through non-consumptive en...
The Great Wall, a pivotal part of Chinese cultural heritage listed on the World Heritage List since 1987, confronts challenges stemming from both natural deterioration and anthropogenic damage. Traditional conservation strategies are impeded by the W...
The Jinshanling Great Wall is an important part of the Ming Great Wall, the most important material cultural heritage of China, and is currently facing a significant threat of microbial degradation due to the widespread biological weathering of open-...
The stability of the Great Wall is mainly affected by traffic vibrations and natural hazards, such as strong winds, heavy rainfall, and thunderstorms, which are extremely harmful to the safety of the Great Wall. To determine the impact of the above f...
The ancient Great Wall of China has long suffered from damage due to natural factors and human activities. A small low-cost unmanned helicopter system with a laser scanner and a digital camera is developed to efficiently visualize the status of the h...
Sapping caused by prevailing wind erosion is one of the most significant factors in the deterioration of earthen sites located in Datong County, Qinghai Province, China. Long-term effects of wind may cause surface erosion, or even serious damage to t...
The Great Green Wall (GGW) has been advocated as a means of reducing desertification in the Sahel through the planting of a broad continuous band of trees from Senegal to Djibouti. Initially proposed in the 1980s, the plan has received renewed impetu...
Military settlements are an integral part of the military defense system of the Ming Great Wall, and the spatial layout of their constituent elements embodies the wisdom of ancient military geography. However, existing studies have predominantly focu...
Coal wall rib-spalling is regarded as a key technical problem influencing safe and efficient mining of fully mechanized working face with great mining height (FGH) while the coal wall stability is influenced by the strength of the coal body, of which...
This study proposes an innovative method that integrates multi-source remote sensing technologies and artificial intelligence to meet the urgent needs of deformation monitoring and ecohydrological environment analysis in Great Wall heritage protectio...
The Great Green Wall Initiative (GGWI) is a pan-African program launched in 2007 to combat land degradation and bring about both ecological and socio-economic benefits in the Sahel. With projects in place on only one-fifth of the targeted land and un...
Shrikes (Lanius spp.) are predatory passerines with a diverse diet that often includes lizards, yet their feeding ecology in Greece remains poorly documented. Here, we report the first case of the great grey shrike Lanius excubitor Linnaeus, 1758 pre...
The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of hydrothermal conditions during the spring sowing period profoundly shapes cropping layouts and sowing strategies. Using NASA’s GLDAS remote sensing reanalysis, we developed a continuous agricultural climate r...
Heritage rammed earth is a special soil material formed by manually selecting and ramming locally available Quaternary surface deposits layer by layer. However, the quantitative influence of material sourcing and rammed technology on the compressive...
Automated damage evaluation is of great importance in the maintenance and preservation of heritage structures. Damage investigation of large cultural buildings is time-consuming and labor-intensive, meaning that many buildings are not repaired in a t...
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