704 Results Found

The risk-characterization of chemicals requires the determination of repeated-dose toxicity (RDT). This depends on two main outcomes: the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL). These endpoints a...

Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, used in fertilizers, wastewater treatment, and concrete admixtures, has limited toxicity data despite extensive industrial use. This study evaluated its repeated-dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity in Sprague Da...

The leaves and stems of the plant Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCMLS) are rich in vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals which have antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue and anti-cancer effects. However, RCMLS is not included in the K...

Gelidium elegans extract (GEE) is derived from a red alga from the Asia–Pacific region, which has antioxidant, anti-adipogenic, and anti-hyperglycemic effects. However, detailed studies of the toxicology of GEE have not been performed. We evaluated t...

Levamisole (LVM) is considered an immunomodulatory agent that has the potential to treat various cancer and inflammation diseases. However, there is still much debate surrounding the toxicokinetic and toxicological information of LVM. Therefore, it i...

Background: Slow transit constipation (STC) represents a refractory gastrointestinal disorder with limited therapeutic options. Deglycosylated azithromycin (Deg-AZM) is a small molecule Transgelin agonist effective against STC, which has been approve...

Background: Pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections pose severe threats to children’s health globally. This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a novel Sabin strain-based ad...

Carica papaya L. leaves have been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of fevers and cancers. Despite its benefits, very few studies on their potential toxicity have been described. The aim of the present study was to characterize the chemical com...

Tobacco smoking is the cause of 20% of Canadian deaths per year. Nicotine vaccines present a promising alternative to traditional smoking cessation products, but to date, no vaccine has been able to move through all phases of clinical trials. We have...

Due to a large number of mutations in the spike protein and immune escape, the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has become a predominant variant of concern (VOC) strain. To prevent the disease, we developed a candidate inactivated vaccine (Omicron COVID-1...

There is mounting evidence that shows the association between chronic exposure to air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous) and onset of various respiratory impairments. However, the corresponding toxicological mechanisms of mixed exposure are...

Butterbur (Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim) leaves are available to consumers in the marketplace, but there is no guarantee that they are safe for human consumption. Previously, we demonstrated that hot water extracts of P. japonicus...

Polyoxovanadates (POV) are a subgroup of polyoxometalates (POM), which are nanosized clusters with reported biological activities. This manuscript describes the first toxicity evaluation of a mixed-valence polyoxovanadate, pentadecavanadate, (Me4N)6[...

Evaluating potential adverse health impacts caused by pesticides is an important parameter in human toxicity. This study focuses on the importance of subchronic toxicity assessment of cymoxanil fungicide in rats with special reference to target bioch...

Curcumol, a natural product isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma curcumae, possesses various potential therapeutic values in many diseases. However, evidence of its toxicological profile is currently lacking. In this study, a repeat...

The Glycyrrhiza radix (Licorice) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in Asian countries, such as China, India, and Korea. It has been traditionally used to treat many diseases, including cough, cold, asthma, fatigue, gastritis, and resp...

Our previous study indicated that the combination of salvianolic acid B (SalB) and ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), the main components of Salvia miltiorrhizae and Panax notoginseng, improves myocardium structure and ventricular function in rats with ischemia/...

Chlorobutanol (CB) is used as a preservative in cosmetics and has antibacterial activity. This study investigated the single- and repeated-dose 28-day oral toxicity of a CB solvent in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. For the single-dose oral toxicity study,...

Nuclear bodies are membraneless, phase-separated compartments that concentrate specific proteins and RNAs in the nucleus. They are believed to serve as sites for the modification, sequestration, and storage of specific factors, and to act as organiza...

To evaluate the acute and chronic 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity of Guixiong Yimu San (GYS) in mice and rats, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the stachydrine hydrochloride in GYS as the quality control. In the...

Internal organs of discarded scallops are rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but it is not used as a food ingredient due to the presence of toxic substances. Recently, our research team prepared high-quality scallop oil (SCO) from the inter...

Background: Slow-transit constipation (STC) lacks durable and safe prokinetics. Deglycosylated-azithromycin (Deg-AZM), a novel small-molecule transgelin agonist that restores colonic motility in STC, has been approved for clinical trials in 2024. Obj...

Background/Objectives: Lauric acid (LA), a medium-chain fatty acid, is a promising drug for asthma treatment. This study evaluated the toxicity of repeated doses and the effect of LA on pulmonary ventilation and tracheal reactivity in asthmatic Wista...

Drosophila melanogaster usage has provided substantial insights into the pathogenesis of several nucleotide repeat expansion diseases (NREDs), a group of genetic diseases characterized by the abnormal expansion of DNA repeats. Leveraging the genetic...

Iron-tannic acid nanoparticles (Fe-TA NPs) presented MRI contrast enhancement in both liver cancer cells and preneoplastic rat livers, while also exhibiting an anti-proliferative effect via enhanced autophagic death of liver cancer cells. Hence, a to...

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing nano-based photosensitizers (PSs) offers promising cancer treatment potential but requires rigorous safety evaluation. Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) doped with porphyrins, such as platinum po...

Background: A quadrivalent HPV vaccine (BPV) has been developed to prevent diseases caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 for the first time in Iran. The BPV is composed of the papillomavirus major capsid protein L1, which serves as the primary targe...

Mumefural is a bioactive compound derived from the processed fruit of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc., a traditional health food; however, its safety has not been evaluated. We investigated the toxicity of mumefural through single and repeated oral admini...

Globally, the edible insect industry is emerging due to its potential contributions to food security and environmental sustainability. Edible insects are rapidly being integrated into the development of alternative foods and new pharmaceuticals. Silk...

Probiotics, as defined by the World Health Organization, are live microorganisms that, when consumed in sufficient quantities, provide health benefits to the host. Although some countries have approved specific probiotic species for use in food, safe...

Probiotics are extensively available to consumers; however, the use of probiotics may not always be safe, and there are few reports on their side effects, including those of Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus plantarum strain PS128TM isolated from spontane...

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain PS23 (PS23) exhibits some probiotic properties. In this study, a genomic analysis of PS23 revealed no genes related to virulence or antibiotic resistance. Moreover, ornithine decarboxylase activity was not detected...

Dried leaves of Lannea velutina A. Rich. and Sorindeia juglandifolia (A. Rich.) Planch. ex Oliv. (family Anacardiaceae) are used in African traditional medicine. Although these medicinal plants have widespread use in the treatment of inflammatory dis...

The use of smokeless tobacco (ST) is growing rapidly and globally. The consumption of ST is associated with an increased risk for developing chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and myocardial infarction, and has led to many publ...

Many specified impurities in vildagliptin’s finished product have been disclosed in the literature that are above their qualification threshold. We used the impurity B (amide impurity) as a case example to explore whether existing literature ca...

Pathologic expansions of DNA nucleotide tandem repeats may generate toxic RNA that triggers disease phenotypes. RNA toxicity is the hallmark of multiple expansion repeat disorders, including myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). To date, there are no avai...

Cirsium setidens is a wild perennial plant species found in Korea that may have anti-oxidative, anti-adipogenic, and hepatoprotective activities. However, details of the toxicology of C. setidens remain unknown. This study was performed to evaluate...

Okadaic acid (OA) and its analogues cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans, and risk assessments of these toxins require toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs), which represent the relative toxicities of analogues. However, no human death...

The systemic toxicity of different combinations of heavy metal mixtures (HMMs) was studied according to equivalent proportions of the eight most common detectable heavy metals found in fish consumption in the Ningbo area of China. The ion mass propor...

Tramadol and tapentadol, two structurally related synthetic opioid analgesics, are widely prescribed due to the enhanced therapeutic profiles resulting from the synergistic combination between μ-opioid receptor (MOR) activation and monoamine reupt...

A repeat expansion mutation in the C9orf72 gene is the most common known genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In this study, using multiple cell-based assay systems, we reveal both increased dipeptid...

Protein homeostasis is essential for neuron longevity, requiring a balanced regulation between protein synthesis and degradation. The clearance of misfolded and aggregated proteins, mediated by autophagy and the ubiquitin–proteasome systems, ma...

Phytoextraction of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is eco-friendly and cost-effective for remediating agricultural contaminated soils, but plants can only take up bioavailable forms of PTEs, thus meaning that bioavailability is the key for the feas...

The gut microbiome is vital to the health and development of an organism, specifically in determining the host response to a chemical (drug) administration. To understand this, we investigated the effects of six antibiotic (AB) treatments (Streptomyc...

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common muscular dystrophy affecting adults and children, is a multi-systemic disorder affecting skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles as well as neurologic, endocrine and other systems. This review is on the...

Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a CAG-repeat expansion mutation in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. It is characterized by progressive psychiatric and neurological symptoms in combination with a progressive movement disorder. Despite the ubiquitous...

RNA toxicity contributes to diseases caused by anomalous nucleotide repeat expansions. Recent work demonstrated RNA-based toxicity from repeat-associated, non-AUG-initiated translation (RAN translation). RAN translation occurs around long nucleotide...

The production, use, and waste of plastics increased worldwide, which resulted in environmental pollution and a growing public health problem. In particular, microplastics have the potential to accumulate in humans and mammals through the food chain....

The number of neurodegenerative diseases resulting from repeat expansion has increased extraordinarily in recent years. In several of these pathologies, the repeat can be transcribed in RNA from both DNA strands producing, at least, one toxic RNA rep...

Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a neuromuscular disease associated with toxic RNA containing expanded CUG repeats. The developing therapeutic approaches to DM1 target mutant RNA or correct early toxic events downstream of the mutant RNA. We have p...