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135 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,579 Views
13 Pages

27 December 2021

Our previous study isolated a novel Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4, which exhibited a potent capability of reducing citric acid. In the current study, I. terricola WJL-G4 was applied to decrease the content of citric acid in red raspberry juice, follo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,264 Views
18 Pages

18 November 2024

Fresh raspberries are highly perishable, but lactic acid bacteria fermentation offers a favourable method for developing healthy products. This study investigated the effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei fermentation on the nutrients and phytochem...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,592 Views
16 Pages

Comprehensive Evaluation of 24 Red Raspberry Varieties in Northeast China Based on Nutrition and Taste

  • Yiping Yu,
  • Guang Yang,
  • Lanying Sun,
  • Xingshun Song,
  • Yihong Bao,
  • Ting Luo and
  • Jinling Wang

16 October 2022

Red raspberry is a kind of fruit with high nutritional values. To evaluate the comprehensive quality of 24 red raspberry varieties in Northeast China, physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds and sensory characteristics were measured, followed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,024 Views
20 Pages

30 January 2025

The raspberry-red grossular, discovered in the Sierra de Cruces in Coahuila, Mexico, is characterized by its zoned coloration, featuring a pink rim and a black mantle with a sharp color transition at the border. However, there is a notable lack of de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,580 Views
17 Pages

13 April 2024

This study demonstrated the feasibility of fermenting and distilling low-commercial-value red fruits such as red raspberries, blueberries, and strawberries to produce high-value red fruit spirits. The fermentation process was efficient, with all red...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
973 Views
25 Pages

Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Nitrogen-Mediated Delay of Premature Leaf Senescence in Red Raspberry Leaves

  • Qiang Huo,
  • Feiyang Chang,
  • Peng Jia,
  • Ziqian Fu,
  • Jiaqi Zhao,
  • Yiwen Gao,
  • Haoan Luan,
  • Ying Wang,
  • Qinglong Dong and
  • Xuemei Zhang
  • + 1 author

2 August 2025

The premature senescence of red raspberry leaves severely affects plant growth. In this study, the double-season red raspberry cultivar ‘Polka’ was used, with N150 (0.10 g N·kg−1) selected as the treatment group (T150) and N0...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,209 Views
24 Pages

In order to achieve accurate and rapid identification of red raspberry fruits in the complex environments of fields and greenhouses, this study proposes a new red raspberry maturity detection model based on YOLOv11n. First, the proposed hybrid attent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,619 Views
27 Pages

Raspberries-LITRP Database: RGB Images Database for the Industrial Applications of Red Raspberries’ Automatic Quality Estimation

  • Antonio Quintero Rincón,
  • Marco Mora,
  • Jose Naranjo-Torres,
  • Claudio Fredes and
  • Andrés Valenzuela

15 November 2022

This work presents a free new database designed from a real industrial process to recognize, identify, and classify the quality of the red raspberry accurately, automatically, and in real time. Raspberry trays with recently harvested fresh fruit ente...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,251 Views
17 Pages

18 May 2024

The loss of distinctive aromas due to sterilization significantly hinders efforts to enhance the sensory quality of fruit and vegetable juices. This study aimed to elucidate the impacts of high-hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and high-temperature short-ti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,620 Views
22 Pages

Polyglycerol Ester-Based Low Energy Nanoemulsions with Red Raspberry Seed Oil and Fruit Extracts: Formulation Development toward Effective In Vitro/In Vivo Bioperformance

  • Ana Gledovic,
  • Aleksandra Janosevic Lezaic,
  • Ines Nikolic,
  • Marija Tasic-Kostov,
  • Jelena Antic-Stankovic,
  • Veljko Krstonosic,
  • Danijela Randjelovic,
  • Dragana Bozic,
  • Dusan Ilic and
  • Snezana Savic
  • + 1 author

15 January 2021

This study focuses on the development of biocompatible oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions based on polyglycerol esters, as promising carriers for natural actives: red raspberry seed oil—RO and hydro-glycolic fruit extracts from red raspberry&mdas...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
3,775 Views
16 Pages

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure and Pulsed Electric Fields Processes on Microbial Safety and Quality of Black/Red Raspberry Juice

  • Génesis V. Buitimea-Cantúa,
  • Iván Alejandro Rico-Alderete,
  • Magdalena de Jesús Rostro-Alanís,
  • Jorge Welti-Chanes,
  • Zamantha J. Escobedo-Avellaneda and
  • Mayra Cristina Soto-Caballero

5 August 2022

Black and red raspberries are fruits with a high phenolic and vitamin C content but are highly susceptible to deterioration. The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP 400–600 MPa/CUT-10 min) and pulsed electric fields (PEF, frequency 100&nda...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,264 Views
11 Pages

Differential Effects of Whole Red Raspberry Polyphenols and Their Gut Metabolite Urolithin A on Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia

  • Ashley Mulcahy Toney,
  • Mahaa Albusharif,
  • Duncan Works,
  • Luke Polenz,
  • Stacie Schlange,
  • Virginia Chaidez,
  • Amanda E. Ramer-Tait and
  • Soonkyu Chung

Whole red raspberry polyphenols (RRW), including ellagic acid, and their gut-derived metabolite, urolithin A (UroA), attenuate inflammation and confer health benefits. Although results from recent studies indicate that polyphenols and UroA also provi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,259 Views
15 Pages

17 October 2020

Red raspberries (RRB) are high in anthocyanin- and ellagitannin- type (poly)phenols. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 4-week RRB supplementation on (poly)phenolic metabolism in adults with prediabetes and insulin-resistance (PreDM-IR); a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
28 Citations
9,260 Views
20 Pages

Effects of Dietary Red Raspberry Consumption on Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Parameters

  • Stefani A. Derrick,
  • Aleksandra S. Kristo,
  • Scott K. Reaves and
  • Angelos K. Sikalidis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by glucose clearance abnormalities and insufficient insulin response. Left uncontrolled, T2DM can result in serious complications and death. With no cure available current...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,034 Views
19 Pages

A High-Throughput Metabolic Microarray Assay Reveals Antibacterial Effects of Black and Red Raspberries and Blackberries against Helicobacter pylori Infection

  • Candace Goodman,
  • Katrina N. Lyon,
  • Aitana Scotto,
  • Cyra Smith,
  • Thomas A. Sebrell,
  • Andrew B. Gentry,
  • Ganesh Bala,
  • Gary D. Stoner and
  • Diane Bimczok

Helicobacter pylori infection is commonly treated with a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. However, since H. pylori is becoming increasingly resistant to standard antibiotic regimens, novel treatment strategies are needed. Previo...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,508 Views
16 Pages

Can Chitosan Applications in Pre- and Post-Harvest Affect the Quality and Antioxidant Contents of Red Raspberries?

  • Ermes Lo Piccolo,
  • Piera Quattrocelli,
  • Michelangelo Becagli,
  • Roberto Cardelli,
  • Hafsa El Horri,
  • Lucia Guidi,
  • Marco Landi and
  • Susanna Pecchia

Red raspberry fruit production is increasing worldwide due to the growing consumer interest in foods with high antioxidant properties. However, raspberries are very perishable fruit with a short shelf life. Chitosan applications have shown promising...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,112 Views
23 Pages

The Influence of Film and Storage on the Phenolic and Antioxidant Properties of Red Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) cv. Erika

  • Angelo Maria Giuffrè,
  • Lamia Louadj,
  • Paola Rizzo,
  • Emanuela De Salvo and
  • Vincenzo Sicari

In this paper, the effect of the packaging material and storage method on red raspberries produced at Reggio Calabria (Italy) was studied. For this purpose, the fruits were stored immediately after harvest in different conditions: in the fridge at 1...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,863 Views
18 Pages

Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and UV-C Irradiation on Postharvest Quality of Red Raspberries

  • David Gimeno,
  • Jaime Gonzalez-Buesa,
  • Rosa Oria,
  • Maria Eugenia Venturini and
  • Esther Arias

Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) are highly appreciated by consumers. However, their postharvest shelf life scarcely exceeds 5 d under the refrigeration temperatures usually applied during commercialization, due to their high susceptibility to dehyd...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,740 Views
13 Pages

Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates Maintained Raspberry Growth in an Established Field

  • Qianwen Lu,
  • Carol Miles,
  • Haiying Tao and
  • Lisa Wasko DeVetter

10 March 2022

Optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates maintains good red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production while alleviating environmental risks. Although raspberry growers in Washington are using the caneberry nutrient management guides derived from western...

  • Review
  • Open Access
51 Citations
11,589 Views
10 Pages

Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Seed Oil: A Review

  • Audronė Ispiryan,
  • Jonas Viškelis and
  • Pranas Viškelis

9 May 2021

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed oil (RSO) is considered as a source of high value bioactive compounds as fatty acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotenoids, flavonoids, phytosterols, antioxidants, monoterpenes and many other chemical constituents....

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,542 Views
24 Pages

Effects of Light Spectral Quality on the Micropropagated Raspberry Plants during Ex Vitro Adaptation

  • Ivan G. Tarakanov,
  • Anatoly A. Kosobryukhov,
  • Daria A. Tovstyko,
  • Alexander A. Anisimov,
  • Alla A. Shulgina,
  • Nikolay N. Sleptsov,
  • Elena A. Kalashnikova,
  • Andon V. Vassilev and
  • Rima N. Kirakosyan

30 September 2021

This work focuses on developing light environments for the effective regulation of morphogenesis and ex vitro conditions adaptation in micropropagated raspberry plants on the basis of photomorphogenetic control of physiological processes using light-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,892 Views
13 Pages

Evaluation of Growth and Photosynthetic Rate of Cucumber Seedlings Affected by Far-Red Light Using a Semi-Open Chamber and Imaging System

  • Yu Hyun Moon,
  • Myongkyoon Yang,
  • Ui Jeong Woo,
  • Ha Seon Sim,
  • Tae Yeon Lee,
  • Ha Rang Shin,
  • Jung Su Jo and
  • Sung Kyeom Kim

Far-red light was excluded in photosynthetic photon flux; however, recent studies have shown that it increases photosynthetic capacity. In addition, there were few studies on the whole canopy photosynthetic rate and continuous changes of morphology o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,757 Views
15 Pages

Compositional Features of the “Kweli” Red Raspberry and Its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

  • Ana Luísa Vara,
  • José Pinela,
  • Maria Inês Dias,
  • Jovana Petrović,
  • António Nogueira,
  • Marina Soković,
  • Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira and
  • Lillian Barros

23 October 2020

Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) are increasingly popular foods in contemporary diets due to their freshness, nutritional value and health claims. Among the existing cultivars, “Kweli” is one of the most productive and widely cultivated....

  • Article
  • Open Access
78 Citations
9,951 Views
22 Pages

Screening of Phenolic Compounds in Australian Grown Berries by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and Determination of Their Antioxidant Potential

  • Vigasini Subbiah,
  • Biming Zhong,
  • Malik A. Nawaz,
  • Colin J. Barrow,
  • Frank R. Dunshea and
  • Hafiz A. R. Suleria

29 December 2020

Berries are grown worldwide with the most consumed berries being blackberries (Rubus spp.), blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum), red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) and strawberries (Fragaria spp.). Berries are either consumed fresh, frozen, or processed i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
6,278 Views
16 Pages

Genetic Differentiation in Anthocyanin Content among Berry Fruits

  • Alicja Ponder,
  • Ewelina Hallmann,
  • Martyna Kwolek,
  • Dominika Średnicka-Tober and
  • Renata Kazimierczak

Anthocyanins are widely distributed secondary metabolites that play an essential role in skin pigmentation of many plant organs and microorganisms. Anthocyanins have been associated with a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. They...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,335 Views
13 Pages

Chemical Composition of Healthy and Raspberry Leaf Blotch Emaravirus-Infected Red Raspberry ‘Willamette’ Fruits

  • Nemanja Miletić,
  • Milan Mitić,
  • Branko Popović,
  • Marko Petković,
  • Bojana Vasilijević,
  • Vera Katanić and
  • Darko Jevremović

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in chemical composition of fresh red raspberry ‘Willamette’ fruits caused by the presence of raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus (RLBV). In three experimental orchards of ‘Willamette&r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
2,766 Views
11 Pages

21 October 2021

The triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of blackberry, red raspberry, black raspberry, blueberry and cranberry seed oils were examined using ultra-performance convergence chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPC2-QTOF MS). A tot...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,422 Views
14 Pages

Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Antimicrobial Properties of Rubus idaeus Seed Powder

  • Giuseppe Mannino,
  • Graziella Serio,
  • Raimondo Gaglio,
  • Gabriele Busetta,
  • Lorenza La Rosa,
  • Antonino Lauria,
  • Luca Settanni and
  • Carla Gentile

27 August 2022

In the context of the contemporary research on sustainable development and circular economy, the quest for effective strategies aimed at revaluation of waste and by-products generated in industrial and agricultural production becomes important. In th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,121 Views
14 Pages

In order to achieve differentiated utilization of red raspberry fruit pulp, a widely targeted metabolomics analysis of pulp from two regions was performed to explore the effect of plateau environment on the accumulation of secondary metabolites of re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,571 Views
19 Pages

In Vitro Antioxidant and Prooxidant Activities of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Stem Extracts

  • Rasa Garjonyte,
  • Jurga Budiene,
  • Linas Labanauskas and
  • Asta Judzentiene

24 June 2022

Leaves and stems of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) are used in Lithuanian folk medicine. Healing properties of raspberry are related to the content of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols. Extracts of raspberry leaves contained higher total phenolic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,281 Views
21 Pages

17 August 2022

The present study evaluated the effect of gum arabic (GA) edible coating pretreatment on the quality of dried red raspberries. Red raspberries were independently pretreated with varied concentrations of GA (3, 5, and 10% (w/v) by dipping for 2 min be...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,229 Views
18 Pages

2 December 2020

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is a globally commercialized specialty crop with growing demand worldwide. The presence of prickles on the stems, petioles and undersides of the leaves complicates both the field management and harvesting of raspberrie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
9,604 Views
19 Pages

Extraction of Anthocyanins from Red Raspberry for Natural Food Colorants Development: Processes Optimization and In Vitro Bioactivity

  • Rosiane Rocha,
  • José Pinela,
  • Rui M.V. Abreu,
  • Mikel Añibarro-Ortega,
  • Tânia C.S.P. Pires,
  • Ana Luísa Saldanha,
  • Maria José Alves,
  • António Nogueira,
  • Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira and
  • Lillian Barros

11 November 2020

Heat (HAE)- and ultrasound (UAE)-assisted extraction methods were implemented to recover anthocyanins from red raspberry. Processing time, ethanol concentration, and temperature or ultrasonic power were the independent variables combined in five-leve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,171 Views
14 Pages

24 December 2020

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an expanding high-value berry crop worldwide. The presence of prickles, outgrowths of epidermal tissues lacking vasculature, on the canes, petioles, and undersides of leaves complicates both field management and har...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,350 Views
15 Pages

Changes in the Polyphenol Content of Red Raspberry Fruits during Ripening

  • Ryo Kobori,
  • Syuichi Yakami,
  • Takashi Kawasaki and
  • Akiko Saito

Berry fruits that contain large amounts of polyphenol compounds are expected to exhibit health and anti-aging effects due to the antioxidant activities of these components. Among the various polyphenols, flavan-3-ol derivatives are known to have a pa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,300 Views
16 Pages

19 June 2022

The main objective of this study was to extend the shelf life of fresh red raspberry (Rubus idaeus. L. cv. ‘Kweli’) by using active film-pads inside commercial compostable packages. The pads were produced with chitosan (Ch) with the incor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
10,679 Views
17 Pages

Cosmeceutical Properties of Two Cultivars of Red Raspberry Grown under Different Conditions

  • Maria Papaioanou,
  • Evangelia G. Chronopoulou,
  • Gheorghii Ciobotari,
  • Rodica C. Efrose,
  • Liliana Sfichi-Duke,
  • Marianna Chatzikonstantinou,
  • Evangelia Pappa,
  • Ioannis Ganopoulos,
  • Panagiotis Madesis and
  • Nikolaos E. Labrou
  • + 2 authors

28 February 2018

Plant selection, input, and field management are proven strategies that produce high yields of crops bearing selected desirable characteristics for the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industry. This study reports on the effect of substrate and light...

  • Article
  • Open Access
760 Views
24 Pages

Detection of Red, Yellow, and Purple Raspberry Fruits Using YOLO Models

  • Kamil Buczyński,
  • Magdalena Kapłan and
  • Zbigniew Jarosz

6 December 2025

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of recent YOLO architectures, YOLOv8s, YOLOv9s, YOLOv10s, YOLO11s, and YOLO12s, for the detection of red, yellow, and purple raspberry fruits under field conditions. Images were collected using an smartp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,712 Views
14 Pages

17 April 2021

‘Crumbly’ fruit is a developmental disorder in raspberry that results in malformed and unsaleable fruits. For the first time, we define two distinct crumbly phenotypes as part of this work. A consistent crumbly fruit phenotype affecting the majority...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,202 Views
16 Pages

25 September 2022

The aim of this study was to assess and improve the oxidative stability of red raspberry seed oil–RO, a potential topical ingredient derived from food industry by-products, on its own and when incorporated in low energy nanoemulsion (NE). The R...

  • Article
  • Open Access
164 Citations
14,686 Views
19 Pages

Glycation is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where it potentiates the aggregation and toxicity of proteins such as β-amyloid (Aβ). Published studies support the anti-glycation and neuroprotecti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,705 Views
16 Pages

Variation in Chemical, Textural and Sensorial Traits Among Remontant Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Cultivars Maintained in a Double-Cropping System

  • Slavica Spasojević,
  • Vuk Maksimović,
  • Dragica Milosavljević,
  • Ilija Djekić,
  • Dragan Radivojević,
  • Ana Sredojević and
  • Jasminka Milivojević

1 December 2024

Remontant raspberry cultivars originally produce fruit in the upper part of primocanes in the fall, but if retained over winter, they can produce a second crop in the lower part of the floricanes the following spring. Maintaining remontant cultivars...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,943 Views
22 Pages

8 November 2022

The importance of renewable energies and energy storage system forming a micro-grid and integrating it to the electrical grid is widely spread. A supervisory system plays a crucial role in controlling, managing, and planning the micro-grid. This pape...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
5,391 Views
19 Pages

Functional Deficits in Gut Microbiome of Young and Middle-Aged Adults with Prediabetes Apparent in Metabolizing Bioactive (Poly)phenols

  • Xuhuiqun Zhang,
  • Anqi Zhao,
  • Amandeep K. Sandhu,
  • Indika Edirisinghe and
  • Britt M. Burton-Freeman

23 November 2020

Background: Gut microbiota metabolize select dietary (poly)phenols to absorbable metabolites that exert biological effects important in metabolic health. Microbiota composition associated with health/disease status may affect its functional capacity...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2,892 Views
2 Pages

Study of the Phenolic Content and the Antioxidant Capacity of Rubus idaeus L. Genotypes within the Development of a National Cultivar

  • Rita Cornamusaz,
  • Francisco Luz,
  • Pedro Brás de Oliveira,
  • Margarida Moncada and
  • Madalena Bettencourt da Câmara

The production of raspberries in Portugal has increased considerably in the last two decades, assuming a great economic interest today. Here, we studied the phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of selected genotypes within a breeding program...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
8,099 Views
44 Pages

28 August 2021

Poland is the largest European Union producer of Rubus idaeus. This species provides insects with nectar and pollen from June to September. The rationale behind the present research is the increasing commercial production and the use of food attracta...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
4,563 Views
47 Pages

A Novel Smart Energy Management as a Service over a Cloud Computing Platform for Nanogrid Appliances

  • Bilal Naji Alhasnawi,
  • Basil H. Jasim,
  • Maria Dolores Esteban and
  • Josep M. Guerrero

20 November 2020

There will be a dearth of electrical energy in the world in the future due to exponential increase in electrical energy demand of rapidly growing world population. With the development of Internet of Things (IoT), more smart appliances will be integr...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1,740 Views
6 Pages

10 February 2022

Experimental chambers play an important role in plant science and agronomy by maintaining and providing ideal conditions so that experimental data can be collected under specific and controlled conditions. To ensure that the environmental parameters...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,791 Views
17 Pages

Raspberry Production Opportunity to Develop an Agricultural Business in the Context of the Circular Economy: Case Study in South-West Romania

  • Roxana-Gabriela Popa,
  • Emil Cătălin Șchiopu,
  • Aurelia Pătrașcu,
  • Aniela Bălăcescu and
  • Florentina Alina Toader

16 October 2024

This paper presents a study on the establishment and the capitalization of a remontant red raspberry crop, the Polka variety, on a privately agricultural land area of 0.2 ha in a crop with a support system in V using a geotextile membrane for soil mu...

  • Review
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,959 Views
23 Pages

Known and Potential Invertebrate Vectors of Raspberry Viruses

  • Jiunn Luh Tan,
  • Nina Trandem,
  • Jana Fránová,
  • Zhibo Hamborg,
  • Dag-Ragnar Blystad and
  • Rostislav Zemek

10 March 2022

The estimated global production of raspberry from year 2016 to 2020 averaged 846,515 tons. The most common cultivated Rubus spp. is European red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. subsp. idaeus). Often cultivated for its high nutritional value, the red raspb...

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