4,043 Results Found

Pancreatic cancer is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, and the overall 5 year survival rate is still only around 10%. Pancreatic cancer exhibits a remarkable resistance to established therapeutic options such a...

Micro-drilled aluminum surfaces containing micro-holes were anodized to produce nanopores over the machined and lapped surfaces. The anodized nanopores had an approximate diameter of 30–40 nm and a depth distribution of 20–30 μm from t...

This study evaluated the effect of clockwise reciprocation motion used in the original Optimum Torque Reverse kinematics, compared with clockwise continuous rotation, on the cyclic fatigue strength of nickel–titanium rotary instruments (NiTi) w...

Indirect reciprocity is one of the major mechanisms driving the evolution of cooperation in human societies. There are two types of indirect reciprocity: upstream and downstream reciprocity. Cooperation in downstream reciprocity follows the pattern &...

Network reciprocity has been successfully put forward (since M. A. Nowak and R. May’s, 1992, influential paper) as the simplest mechanism—requiring no strategical complexity—supporting the evolution of cooperation in biological and...

This paper discusses various reciprocalization strategies in Turkish, including lexical, pronominal, and verbal reciprocals, as well as the collective and discontinuous constructions that appear with symmetric predicates. We propose that there are tw...

Although the literature has shown that generalized reciprocity and negative reciprocity as exchange norms can significantly influence employees’ outcomes, knowledge about how and when the two types of norms influence employees’ well-being...

In order to create sustainable competitive advantages, organizations are embedded in dyadic exchange relationships, which depend on the coordination of the behavior of the actors involved. Often, coordinated behavior is explained by trust. Since trus...

The signless Laplacian reciprocal distance matrix for a simple connected graph G is defined as $RQ\left(G\right)=\mathrm{diag}\left(RH\right(G\left)\right)+RD\left(G\right)$. Here, $RD\left(G\right)$ is the Harary matrix (also called reciprocal distance matrix) while $\mathrm{diag}\left(RH\right(G\left)\right)$ represents the diagonal matrix of the...

The reciprocal distance Laplacian matrix of a connected graph G is defined as $R{D}^L\left(G\right)=RT\left(G\right)-RD\left(G\right)$, where $RT\left(G\right)$ is the diagonal matrix of reciprocal distance degrees and $RD\left(G\right)$ is the Harary matrix. Clearly, $R{D}^L\left(G\right)$ is a real symmetric matrix, and...

This paper departs from the standard profit-maximizing model of firm behavior by assuming that firms are motivated in part by personal animosity–or respect–towards their competitors. A reciprocal firm responds to unkind behavior of rivals with unkind...

The development of unconventional and hybrid unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) has gained significant momentum in recent years, with many designs utilizing small fans or rotary blades for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). However, these systems o...

I use data from a previous experiment for classifying subjects based on their behavior in the trust game. Prior literature defines a “reciprocity effect” as the tendency for Second Movers to return proportions increasing in the amounts that they rece...

Trust and reciprocity promote cooperation and are key elements of a successful social life. This study investigated the framing effects on trust and reciprocity behaviors. Using an iterated one-shot within-subjects design, this study explored how tru...

For a connected graph G on n vertices, recall that the reciprocal distance signless Laplacian matrix of G is defined to be $RQ\left(G\right)=RT\left(G\right)+RD\left(G\right)$, where $RD\left(G\right)$ is the reciprocal distance matrix, $RT\left(G\right)=diag(R{T}_1,R{T}_2,\cdots ,R{T}_n)$ and $R{T}_i$ is the reciprocal dis...

This paper establishes symmetric inequalities for the reciprocal sums of Fibonacci numbers. By using elementary methods, recurrence properties, Cassini’s identity, and the Fibonacci–Lucas connection, we deduce the precise bounds for these...

Despite the accumulation of research on indirect reciprocity over the past 30 years and the publication of over 100,000 related papers, there are still many issues to be addressed. Here, we look back on the research that has been done on indirect rec...

Oxytocin has been proposed to regulate human trust. Previous experiments supported this claim by demonstrating that exogenous and endogenous oxytocin is associated with trust (how much trust people place in strangers) and reciprocity (how much people...

In this study, we propose a groundbreaking hypothesis for the evolution of reciprocal altruism, suggesting its emergence from random encounters characterized by theft rather than the traditionally accepted cooperative reciprocation and intertemporal...

We study behavior in a moonlighting game with unequal initial endowments. In this game, predictions for second-mover behavior based on inequality aversion are in contrast to reciprocity. We find that inequality aversion explains only few observations...

Trust and reciprocity have paramount importance in cooperative relationships. The influence of psychological effects such as framing and anchoring on trust and reciprocity has been investigated; however, the impact of an order effect on them is still...

Mixed languages combine significant amounts of grammatical and lexical material from more than one source language in systematic ways. The Australian mixed language, Light Warlpiri, combines nominal morphology from Warlpiri with verbal morphology fro...

We study the scattering of polarized light by two equal corner stacked Au nanorods that exhibit strong electromagnetic coupling. In the far field, this plasmonic dimer manifests very prominent asymmetric scattering in the transverse direction. Calcul...

Reciprocal series are employed to systematically review convolution sums, orthogonality relations, recurrence relations and reciprocal formulae for several classical number sequences, such as binomial coefficients, Stirling numbers, Bernoulli numbers...

While 3D printing is increasingly used in most fields of engineering, its utilization for microfluidics has thus far been limited. To demonstrate future applications of 3D printing for microfluidic structures, we investigate the fluidic characteristi...

Reciprocal structures represent a category of spatial structural systems characterized by mutually supporting connections between components, which are primarily employed in roof systems and spatial frameworks. Insufficient stiffness is a critical ch...

This paper presents an overview of the distribution of reflexive-reciprocal syncretism in Eastern Bantu languages spoken in Tanzania. Most Bantu languages encode reflexive and reciprocal constructions by means of two distinct verbal affixes. However,...

Guided elastic wave (GEW) transducers for structural health monitoring (SHM) can act as transmitters (senders) and receivers (sensors). Their performance in both cases depends on the structure to which they are coupled. Therefore, they must be charac...

Several types of contaminants are anthropogenically introduced into natural aquatic ecosystems and interact with other chemicals and/or with living organisms. Although metal toxicity alone has been relatively well studied, the toxic metal ion effects...

This study investigates the moderating effects of positive and negative reciprocity on the relationship between institutional environment dimensions—cognitive and normative institutions—and innovativeness on early-stage entrepreneurial ac...

Relation-specific investments are usually associated with great risk. Investors, afraid of being held up, are likely to invest too little, endangering both financial and organizational sustainability. Theory suggests that relation-specific investment...

We propose a teaching activity aimed at promoting social values, such as trust and reciprocity, among undergraduate students in economics and related degrees. We present our pilot experience of what we call RED–‘Reading–Experiment&n...

In selective chromatography and electromigration methods, supramolecular recognition of selectands and selectors is due to the fast and reversible formation of association complexes governed by thermodynamics. Whereas the selectand molecules to be se...

The use of online social networks has become a standard medium of social interactions and information spreading. Due to the significant amount of data available online, social network analysis has become apropos to the researchers of diverse domains...

This article develops a reciprocity ethics of the environment through a discussion of ethnobotanical medicines used in the treatment of cancer. The moral virtue of reciprocity, defined as the returning of good when good is received or anticipated, is...

Languages vary in expressing reflexivity and reciprocity. In some languages, reflexive and reciprocal constructions are formally identical, while in some other languages, they are distinct. The third group comprises languages that have non-reflexive...

In atmosphere free-space optical communication (FSO) systems, the scintillation effect produced by turbulence effects increases the bit error rate (BER) of the communication system and reduces the system’s performance. However, a high correlati...

This work is embedded in a larger qualitative study and uses grounded theory techniques to explore the reciprocal nature of familial relationships for racially and ethnically minoritized students and, in turn, how these relationships impact students&...

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple connected graph with vertex set V and edge set E, respectively. The term “anti-reciprocal eigenvalue property“ refers to a non-singular graph G for which, $-\frac{1}{\lambda }\in \sigma \left(G\right)$, whenever $\lambda \in \mathrm{\&s}$...

Nowadays, students are more aware of the impact of companies on their stakeholders and the need for properly handling their expectations to operationalize corporate social responsibility. Nevertheless, little is known about how certain individual tra...

The Kelvin relation, relating the Seebeck coefficient and the Peltier coefficient, is a theoretical basis of thermoelectricity. It was first derived by Kelvin using a quasi-thermodynamic approach. However, Kelvin’s approach was subjected to muc...

Social preference models emphasize that perceived intentions motivate reciprocity. However, laboratory tests of this theory typically manipulate perceived intentions through changes in wealth resulting from a sacrifice in pay by another. There is lit...

An irreversible Maisotsenko reciprocating Brayton cycle (MRBC) model is established using the finite time thermodynamic (FTT) theory and taking the heat transfer loss (HTL), piston friction loss (PFL), and internal irreversible losses (IILs) into con...

Operating condition detection and fault diagnosis are very important for reliable operation of reciprocating compressors. Machine learning is one of the most powerful tools in this field. However, there are very few comprehensive reviews which summar...

The reciprocating shear mechanical properties and strength deterioration mechanisms of rockfill materials are of great research significance for high-fill slope stability analysis. To study the shear strength characteristics of argillaceous siltstone...

Based on the sealing mechanism of the reciprocating seal, the inverse-hydrodynamic-lubrication (IHL) method was adopted in this study to solve the Reynolds equation, and a multi-field coupled reciprocating seal mixed lubrication numerical model was e...

Recently Panda et al. obtained some identities for the reciprocal sums of balancing and Lucas-balancing numbers. In this paper, we derive general identities related to reciprocal sums of products of two balancing numbers, products of two Lucas-balanc...

We study reciprocity relations between fluctuations of the probability distributions corresponding to position and momentum, and other observables, in quantum theory. These kinds of relations have been previously studied in terms of quantifiers based...

The present paper comprises the study of certain functions which are analytic and defined in terms of reciprocal function. The reciprocal classes of close-to-convex functions and quasi-convex functions are defined and studied. Various interesting pro...

As an essential mechanical device in many industrial applications, reciprocating compressors have a high demand for operating efficiency and availability. Because the temperature of each part of a reciprocating compressor depends considerably on oper...