Pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, plays a major role in cell metabolism. Produced in the cytosol, it is oxidized in the mitochondria where it fuels the citric acid cycle and boosts oxidative phosphorylation. Its sole entry point into mitochond...
The phosphoenol pyruvate–oxaloacetate–pyruvate-derived amino acids (POP-AAs) comprise native intermediates in cellular metabolism, within which the phosphoenol pyruvate–oxaloacetate–pyruvate (POP) node is the switch point amon...
Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC encoded by pdc) is a thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-containing enzyme responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde in many mesophilic organisms. However, no pdc/PDC homolog has yet been found in fully sequenced...
Some of the most commonly occurring but difficult to isolate halophilic prokaryotes, Archaea as well as Bacteria, require or prefer pyruvate as carbon and energy source. The most efficient media for the enumeration and isolation of heterotrophic prok...
Sucrose is an abundant, cheap, and renewable carbohydrate which makes it an attractive feedstock for the biotechnological production of chemicals. Escherichia coli W, one of the few safe E. coli strains able to metabolize sucrose, was examined for th...
The mitochondrial pyruvate carriers mediate pyruvate import into the mitochondria, which is key to the sustenance of the tricarboxylic cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. However, inhibition of mitochondria pyruvate carrier-mediated pyruvate transpo...
During seizure activity, glucose and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels are significantly decreased in the brain, which is a contributing factor to seizure-induced neuronal death. Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) has been shown to prevent cell death. DCA i...
Pyruvic acid has numerous applications in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. The high costs of chemical synthesis have prevented the extensive use of pyruvate for many applications. Metabolic engineering and traditional strategies for...
Pyruvate occupies a central metabolic node by virtue of its position at the crossroads of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and its production and fate being governed by numerous cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The former includ...
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) transports pyruvate from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix to participate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which further generates the energy for the physiological activities of cells. Two interact...
Pyruvate is a central metabolite that connects many metabolic pathways in living organisms. To meet the cellular pyruvate requirements, the enterobacterium Escherichia coli has at least three pyruvate uptake systems—the H+/pyruvate symporter Bt...
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes seasonal epidemics annually and pandemics every few decades. Most antiviral treatments used for IAV are only effective if administered during the first 48 h of infection and antiviral resistance is possible. Therapies t...
Pyruvate is a hub of various endogenous metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, TCA cycle, amino acid, and fatty acid biosynthesis. It has also been used as a precursor for pyruvate-derived compounds such as acetoin, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), butano...
Increasing evidence has suggested that dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), a subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, is crucial for pyruvate metabolism and the regulation of cell death. The excessive death of granulosa cells (GCs) hin...
Pyruvate is a key intermediate of diverse metabolic pathways of central carbon metabolism. In addition to being the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate is an essential carbon distribution point to oxidative metabolism, amino acid and fatty acid synth...
Glycolysis is a central catabolic pathway in every living organism with an essential role in carbohydrate breakdown and ATP synthesis, thereby providing pyruvate to the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). The cytosolic pyruvate kinase (cPK) represe...
Pyruvate (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids and is at the interface of several metabolic pathways both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In an amino acid-rich environment, fast-growing bacteria excrete pyruvate instead of completely met...
As a nodal mediator of pyruvate metabolism, the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a pivotal role in many physiological and pathological processes across the human lifespan, from embryonic development to aging-associated neurodegeneration. Em...
Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is a key enzyme involved in ethanol fermentation, and it catalyzes the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and CO2. Bifunctional PORs/PDCs that also have additional pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) activit...
Glycoconjugates are the most diverse biomolecules of life. Mostly located at the cell surface, they translate into cell-specific “barcodes” and offer a vast repertoire of functions, including support of cellular physiology, lifestyle, and...
Pyruvate kinase (PK) is the final and rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. It has four isoforms PKM1, PKM2, PKL and PKR. PK can form homo tetramers, dimers or monomers. The tetrameric form has the most catalytic activity; however, the dimeric form has...
Pyruvate is an alpha-keto acid that occurs naturally in living cells. It is a key metabolite in cellular respiration and a substrate for the synthesis of glucose (in gluconeogenesis) and certain amino acids. Exogenous pyruvate, for example in the for...
Cancer metastasis is still a major challenge in clinical cancer treatment. The migration and invasion of cancer cells into surrounding tissues and blood vessels is the primary step in cancer metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism of regulating...
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the deadliest types of strokes with high rates of morbidity and permanent injury. Fluctuations in the levels of cerebral metabolites following SAH can be indicators of brain injury severity. Specifically, the c...
The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is a transmembrane protein complex critical for cellular energy metabolism, enabling the transport of pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria, where it fuels the citric acid cycle. By regulating this e...
In insect, pyruvate is generally the predominant oxidative substrate for mitochondria. This metabolite is transported inside mitochondria via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), but whether and how this transporter controls mitochondrial oxidat...
In a previous phylogenetic study of the family of pyruvate kinase, we found one cluster with Glu117 and another with Lys117. Those sequences with Glu117 have Thr113 and are K+-dependent, whereas those with Lys117 have Leu113 and are K+-independent. T...
Pyruvate forms the central node of carbon metabolism and promotes growth as an alternative carbon source during starvation. We recently revealed that LrgAB functions as a stationary phase pyruvate uptake system in Streptococcus mutans, the primary ca...
Eukarya pyruvate kinases possess glutamate at position 117 (numbering of rabbit muscle enzyme), whereas bacteria have either glutamate or lysine. Those with E117 are K+-dependent, whereas those with K117 are K+-independent. In a phylogenetic tree, 80...
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a technology for characterizing tumors in vivo based on their metabolic activities. The conversion rates (kpl) of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate depend on monocarboxylate trans...
The cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still unknown, and consequently, early diagnosis of the disease can be difficult and effective treatment is lacking. The pathology of ALS seems to involve specific disturbances in carbohydrate metab...
We investigated the presence of carbonic anhydrase in root and hypocotyl of etiolated soybean using enzymatic, histochemical, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization approaches. In parallel, we used in situ hybridization and immunolocaliza-tion...
The molecular identity of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) was presented in 2012, forty years after the active transport of cytosolic pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix was first demonstrated. An impressive amount of in vivo and in vitro...
d-Aspartate oxidase (DDO) is a peroxisomal flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of acidic d-amino acids. In the yeast Cryptococcus humicola strain UJ1, the enzyme ChDDO is essential for d-Asp utilization and is expressed only in the p...
Aerobic glycolysis is one of the important metabolic characteristics of many malignant tumors. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) plays a key role in aerobic glycolysis by phosphorylating the E1α subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Hence...
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus for which effective treatments remain undeveloped. Metabolic changes and inflammation are proposed as primary mechanisms underlying DPN pathogenesis. Our previous stu...
Phylogenetic studies of the pyruvate kinase family reveal two clusters: the K+-dependent and -independent enzymes. Thermoplasma acidophilum pyruvate kinase belongs to the latter but possesses the conserved signature of those K+-dependent. Recently, w...
Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) is essential for brain glucose and neurotransmitter metabolism, which is dysregulated in many pathologies. Using specific inhibitors of PDHC in vivo, we determine biochemical and physiological respo...
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) functions as a polypeptide hormone to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and its expression is regulated by cellular metabolic stress. Pyruvate is an important intermediate metabolite that acts as a key hub for...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) are key enzymes in glucose metabolism, negatively regulating pyruvate dehyrogenase complex (PDC) activity through phosphorylation. Inhibiting PDKs could upregulate PDC activity and drive cells into more aerobic m...
Liver pyruvate kinase (PKL) has recently emerged as a new target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and inhibitors of this enzyme could represent a new therapeutic option. However, this breakthrough is complicated by selectivity issues si...
This study examined the effect of a single sodium pyruvate ingestion on a blood acid-base status and exercise metabolism markers. Nine active, but non-specifically trained, male subjects participated in the double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover...
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate allows real-time and pathway specific clinical detection of otherwise unimageable in vivo metabolism. However, the comparability between sites and protocols is unknown....
The inhibition of liver pyruvate kinase could be beneficial to halt or reverse non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a progressive accumulation of fat in the liver that can lead eventually to cirrhosis. Recently, urolithin C has been reported as...
A limited number of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) cases may require treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU). Arterial blood lactate levels are routinely measured in the ICU to estimate disease severity, predict poor outcomes, and monitor therap...
The small GTPase Cdc42 acts as a molecular switch essential for cell cycles and polar growth in model yeast, but has not been explored in Beaurveria bassiana, an insect-pathogenic fungus serving as a main source of fungal formulations against arthrop...
Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a stable form of pyruvate, has shown beneficial effects in animal models of shock, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and sepsis due to its potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our recent study demonstrated that EP app...
Recently, an in vitro enzymatic cascade was constructed to transform glycerol into the high-value platform chemical pyruvate. However, the low activity of dihydroxy acid dehydratase from Sulfolobus solfataricus (SsDHAD) limited the efficiency. In thi...
Human mitochondrial pyruvate carriers (hMPCs), which are required for the uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria, are associated with several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and various cancers. Yeast MPC was recently demonstrated to form...
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been suggested as potential contributors to the initiation and progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Nicotinamide and pyruvate are important in the human body for maintaining metabolic...
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