Ethyl Pyruvate Promotes Proliferation of Regulatory T Cells by Increasing Glycolysis
1
Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Maria José Rodríguez-Lagunas and Malen Massot-Cladera
Molecules 2020, 25(18), 4112; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184112
Received: 26 July 2020 / Revised: 21 August 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 / Published: 9 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds on Health and Disease)
Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a stable form of pyruvate, has shown beneficial effects in animal models of shock, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and sepsis due to its potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our recent study demonstrated that EP application prevented the clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes in mice by augmenting regulatory T cell (Treg) number and function. Our present study shows that EP increases Treg proliferation and suppressive function (perforin and IL-10 expression) during in vitro differentiation from conventional CD4+CD25− T cells. Enhanced expansion of Treg after EP treatment correlated with increased ATP levels and relied on increased glycolysis. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation did not attenuate EP stimulatory effects, suggesting that this metabolic pathway was not mandatory for EP-driven Treg proliferation. Moreover, EP lowered the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, an enzyme involved in fatty acid oxidation. Further, the stimulatory effect of EP on Treg proliferation was not mediated through inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway. When given in vivo either intraperitoneally or orally to healthy C57BL/6 mice, EP increased the number of Treg within the peritoneal cavity or gut-associated lymphoid tissue, respectively. In conclusion, EP promotes in vitro Treg proliferation through increased glycolysis and enhances Treg proliferation when administered in vivo.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Koprivica, I.; Gajić, D.; Pejnović, N.; Paunović, V.; Saksida, T.; Stojanović, I. Ethyl Pyruvate Promotes Proliferation of Regulatory T Cells by Increasing Glycolysis. Molecules 2020, 25, 4112.
AMA Style
Koprivica I, Gajić D, Pejnović N, Paunović V, Saksida T, Stojanović I. Ethyl Pyruvate Promotes Proliferation of Regulatory T Cells by Increasing Glycolysis. Molecules. 2020; 25(18):4112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoprivica, Ivan; Gajić, Dragica; Pejnović, Nada; Paunović, Verica; Saksida, Tamara; Stojanović, Ivana. 2020. "Ethyl Pyruvate Promotes Proliferation of Regulatory T Cells by Increasing Glycolysis" Molecules 25, no. 18: 4112.
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