Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is a common, slowly progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of the older horse. Oxidative damage to the hypothalamic periventricular neurons results in loss of dopaminergic inhibition of the pars intermedi...
Background and Objectives: Pituitary adenomas may be associated with metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities, but comparative evidence across subtypes is limited. We compared cardiometabolic and echocardiographic profiles, left ventricular diastol...
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are exogenous agents that alter endogenous hormone signaling pathways. These chemicals target the neuroendocrine system which is composed of organs throughout the body that work alongside the central nervous sys...
Several hormones contribute to ensure penile erection, a neurovascular phenomenon in which nitric oxide plays a major role. Erectile dysfunction (ED), which is defined as the persistent inability to obtain or maintain penile erection sufficient for a...
Substantial morbidity results from pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) which is often underestimated by owners and veterinarians. Clinical signs, pathophysiology, diagnostic tests, and treatment protocols of this condition are reviewed. The...
The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has increased over the last years with an important impact on public health. Many preclinical and clinical studies identified multiple and heterogeneous TBI-related pathophysiological mechanisms that are...
Appropriate medical care for donkeys is challenging despite being important working animals in non-industrialized countries and pets in first world countries. Although the same principles of diagnosis and therapy as in horses are commonly applied, th...
Crosstalk between the brain and innate immune system may be dysregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease that presents with dysautonomia and aberrant inflammation. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a...
Craniopharyngiomas continue to present a challenge in clinical practice due to their heterogeneity and unpredictable adherence to vital neurovascular structures, particularly the hypothalamus. This results in different degrees of hypothalamus–p...
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction is one of the most common diseases of aged horses and ponies. In Parkinson’s disease, which is, similar to PPID, a disease that involves oxidative damage to dopaminergic pathways but with different clinical...
The exact clinical course and factors associated with persistent endocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are not well-established. Elucidation of these information will aid irAEs screening and follow-up planning for patients on immunotherapy....
Pituitary adenoma is a common neoplasm of the pituitary gland. Although most pituitary adenomas are benign, they can pose significant challenges in terms of their consequences and prognosis due to their tendency to invade surrounding tissues and thei...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood is a major global health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Its incidence is rising worldwide, with early childhood and adolescence representing the most vulne...
The study aims to assess the impact of age, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and insulin dysregulation (ID) in horses on selected oxidative stress markers. The study includes 32 horses, divided into three groups: “young” adult...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes one of the primary causes of mortality globally. While many survivors fully recover, others experience several chronic complications that, if left untreated, negatively affect the patient’s quality of li...
The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is a tightly regulated system controlling female reproduction. HPO axis dysfunction leading to ovulation disorders can be classified into three categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). G...
Although there are many hormonal changes associated with reproduction, the effects of ovulation and early pregnancy on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and insulin concentrations are poorly described. We hypothesise that both ovulation and early pr...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have traditionally been viewed as disorders of distinct organ systems. IBS is a gut–brain axis disorder characterized by abdominal pain, altered bow...
Fifty-two horses aged >15 years, diagnosed with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), and displaying hypertrichosis were recruited via an online survey of PPID horse owners. From mid-December, group T (n = 29) wore Equilume® light mask...
Trypanosomiasis remains a major constraint to small ruminant production in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among smallholder farmers. Although WAD goats are considered trypanotolerant because of their relatively low mortality during chronic infectio...
Clinical and animal studies suggest that paternal exposure to adverse environments (bad living habits and chronic stress, etc.) has profound impacts on offspring development; however, the mechanism of paternal disease has not been clarified. In this...
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is diagnosed by increased basal or post thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation ACTH concentrations. ACTH is known to be unstable; however, the effect of different temperatures and TRH stimulation...
Poor recognition of subtle clinical abnormalities and equivocal ACTH concentrations make early diagnosis of PPID difficult. Progressive clinical findings and corresponding ACTH concentrations in horses transitioning to PPID over time have not been do...
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a cytotoxic, cell cycle, non-specific, and antiproliferative drug. This study aimed to address the toxic effects of CP on male fertility and the possible ameliorative role of hesperidin (HSP). Thirty-two adult albino rats wer...
Latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) has been detected in human adrenal glands, raising the possibility of virus-induced adrenal damage and dysfunction during primary infection or reactivation. Rare cases of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage and insufficie...
This study investigates the sex-specific role of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal axis in Alzheimer’s disease progression, utilizing ADNI1 data for 493 individuals, analyzing plasma levels of gonadotropic and sex hormones, and exa...
Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare medical emergency. The sudden pressure increase in the sella turcica may determine compression on the surrounding structures determining the classical symptomatology associated, especially visual field impairment and...
Thyroid cancer usually begins with thyroid dysfunction and nodules and has become the most common cancer globally, especially in women. Although the causes of thyroid dysfunction are complex, the presence of environmental pollutants, especially certa...
Background/Objectives. Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) are at increased risk of cardiometabolic complications due to tumor- and treatment-related hypothalamic–pituitary (HP) damage and adverse body composition. We evaluated associations...
Heat stress (HS) is a major environmental factor negatively impacting the reproductive performance of livestock. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms of heat stress on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis in Hu sheep....
Ertugliflozin is a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor that has demonstrated promise as a treatment for hyperinsulinaemia in horses. Despite the frequent use of ertugliflozin in equine clinical practice, the pharmacokinetics of this drug in hor...
Baseline plasma ACTH concentrations are frequently utilized as part of the diagnostic evaluation of equids when PPID is suspected. Baseline ACTH can be impacted by many factors including time of year, i.e., ACTH has generally been found to be elevate...
Euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease) has been shown to negatively affect female sexual health; however, this adverse impact appears to be mitigated by vitamin D therapy. Emerging research suggests that vitamin E may reduce sus...
Pituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is significant and rarely considered by clinicians. This topic has received much more attention in the last decade. The incidence of post TBI anterior pituitary dysfunction is around 30% ac...
Background and Clinical Significance: Neurosarcoidosis (NS) is a rare manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis involving the central nervous system, with highly variable neurological and endocrine presentations. Among these, anterior pituitary dysfuncti...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem affecting millions of people worldwide and leading to death or permanent damage. TBI affects the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis either by primary injury to the hypothalamic...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) prolong the survival in an increasing number of patients affected by several malignancies, but at the cost of new toxicities related to their mechanisms of action, autoimmunity. Endocrine toxicity frequently occurs...
Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare disease in children and has a variety of etiologies. The major causes of CDI with pituitary stalk thickening (PST) are germinoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and Lymphocytic infundibulo-neurohypophy...
Background: The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is a well-established technique for the treatment of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor Preservation of normal gland tissue is crucial to retain effective neuroendocrine pituitary function. The aim of t...
Purpose: We examined abnormal pituitary imaging (API) and associated endocrine dysfunction in subjects with ECD. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive examination of a natural history cohort study diagnosed with ECD was conducted at a clinical resea...
Cardiovascular comorbidities owing to hormonal excess or deficiency are the main cause of mortality in patients with pituitary disorders. In patients with Cushing’s Disease, there is an increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and/or ris...
Bone loss is common in patients affected by pituitary and neuroendocrine disorders as both hormone excess and hormone deficiency can affect bone structure. There is increasing evidence that pituitary hormones directly influence bone cells turnover by...
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the radiological criteria determining an primary empty or primary partial empty sella and the pituitary hormone levels. Methods: Out of 594 patients who underwent pituitary mag...
Adult-onset Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an uncommon disease. Central nervous system involvement, particularly of the hypothalamic–pituitary complex, can provoke severe endocrine and neurological complications. We report the case of a...
Plastic overconsumption has emerged as a major environmental pollutant, with degraded micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) particles being consumed by a vast variety of species. MNPs, particles < 5 mm, contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which...
17 March 2016
The aim of this study was to assess environmental and hereditary influence on development of pituitary tumors using dermatoglyphic traits. The study was performed on 126 patients of both genders with pituitary tumors (60 non-functional and 66 functio...
The pituitary gland is either directly or indirectly impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction or pituitary apoplexy can occur. This study aimed to investigate severe COVID-19...
Background/Objectives: Over the last two decades, there has been a substantial change in the understanding of post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP), which is no longer regarded as a marginal phenomenon. Clinical manifestations of pituitary hormone de...
Chronic opioid use disrupts the female endocrine system, affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG), hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA), and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axes. In women, these disr...
This review is aimed at illustrating and discussing the neuroimmune endocrinological aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in light of the studies on this topic that have so far appeared in the literature. The most characteristic findings and pending c...
of 7