Prospective Case Series of Clinical Signs and Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) Concentrations in Seven Horses Transitioning to Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Blood Sample Collection and Analysis
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Horse 1
3.2. Horse 2
3.3. Horse 3
3.4. Horse 4
3.5. Horse 5
3.6. Horse 6
3.7. Horse 7
4. Discussion
5. Study Limitations
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hypertrichosis Scoring System (0–5) | ||
---|---|---|
Score | Photographic Representation | Description |
0/5 | No hypertrichosis present | |
1/5 | Mild hypertrichosis present, usually persistent along the ventral abdomen, palmar or plantar aspect of distal limbs, mandible and over the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles. Often accompanied by delayed shedding. | |
2/5 | Generalized mild hypertrichosis over the entire body, accompanied by delayed shedding. | |
3/5 | Moderate generalized hypertrichosis present over the entire body and most severe along the ventral abdomen and semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles. Always accompanied by delayed shedding. | |
4/5 | Severe generalized hypertrichosis, always accompanied by delayed shedding. | |
5/5 | Extreme generalized hypertrichosis. Always accompanied by delayed shedding and often accompanied by difficulty thermoregulating in warmer months. |
Horse | Month/Year | Hypertrichosis Score | Basal ACTH (Likely Positive or Negative for PPID) * | TRH-Stimulated ACTH (Likely Positive or Negative for PPID) * |
---|---|---|---|---|
Horse 1 | February 2019 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive |
September 2019 | 1/5 | Negative | Negative | |
January 2020 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive | |
March 2020 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive | |
Horse 2 | February 2019 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive |
September 2019 | 5/5 | Positive | Positive | |
January 2020 | 1/5 | Positive | Positive | |
March 2020 | 2/5 | Positive | Positive | |
September 2020 | 5/5 | − | − | |
February 2021 | 2/5 | Positive | Positive | |
March 2021 | 3/5 | Positive | Positive | |
April 2021 | 3/5 | Positive | Positive | |
May 2021 | 3/5 | Positive | Positive | |
June 2021 | 4/5 | Positive | − | |
November 2021 | 2/5 | Positive | Positive | |
Horse 3 | February 2019 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive |
March 2019 | 1/5 | Negative | Positive | |
January 2020 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive | |
September 2020 | 1/5 | − | − | |
March 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Negative | |
April 2021 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive | |
May 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive | |
June 2021 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive | |
October 2021 | 1/5 | Positive | Positive | |
Horse 4 | February 2019 | 0/5 | − | − |
September 2019 | 2/5 | Negative | Positive | |
January 2020 | 0/5 | - | - | |
March 2020 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive | |
September 2020 1 | 5/51 | − | − | |
February 2021 1 | 0/5 1 | Negative 1 | Negative 1 | |
March 2021 1 | 1/5 1 | Negative 1 | Negative 1 | |
April 2021 1 | 1/5 1 | Negative 1 | Negative 1 | |
June 2021 1 | 2/5 | Negative 1 | Positive 1 | |
September 2021 1 | 3/5 | − | − | |
November 2021 1 | 2/5 | Positive 1 | Positive 1 | |
Horse 5 | February 2019 | 0/5 | Negative | Negative |
March 2019 | 0/5 | Negative | Negative | |
September 2019 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive | |
January 2020 | 0/5 | − | − | |
March 2020 | 0/5 | Negative | Negative | |
September 2020 | 0/5 | − | − | |
February 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Negative | |
March 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive | |
April 2021 | 0/5 | Positive | Negative | |
May 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive | |
June 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive | |
November 2021 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive | |
Horse 6 | February 2019 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive |
September 2019 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive | |
March 2020 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive | |
February 2021 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive | |
March 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive | |
April 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Negative | |
May 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive | |
September 2021 | 1/5 | − | − | |
November 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Negative | |
Horse 7 | March 2019 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive |
September 2019 | 1/5 | Negative | Positive | |
March 2020 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive | |
February 2021 | 0/5 | Positive | Negative | |
March 2021 | 0/5 | Positive | Positive | |
April 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Positive | |
May 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Negative | |
June 2021 | 0/5 | Negative | Negative | |
July 2021 2 | − 2 | − 2 | − 2 |
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Kirkwood, N.C.; Hughes, K.J.; Stewart, A.J. Prospective Case Series of Clinical Signs and Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) Concentrations in Seven Horses Transitioning to Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID). Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100572
Kirkwood NC, Hughes KJ, Stewart AJ. Prospective Case Series of Clinical Signs and Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) Concentrations in Seven Horses Transitioning to Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID). Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(10):572. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100572
Chicago/Turabian StyleKirkwood, Naomi C., Kristopher J. Hughes, and Allison J. Stewart. 2022. "Prospective Case Series of Clinical Signs and Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) Concentrations in Seven Horses Transitioning to Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID)" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 10: 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100572