Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
9.0
4.9
Journals
IJMS
Special Issues
Thyroid Function in Human Diseases: From Physiopathology to Clinical Impact...
ijms-logo
Submit to Special Issue Submit Abstract to Special Issue Review for IJMS Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

► Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser
share announcement

Thyroid Function in Human Diseases: From Physiopathology to Clinical Impact on Human Health

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 1087

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rosa Maria Paragliola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via Di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
Interests: hypothyroidism; thyroiditis; thyroid nodules and cancer; acromegaly; Cushing’s syndrome; hyperprolactinemia; syndrome of reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones; hypoadrenalism; pheochromocytoma; congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrea Corsello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Endocrine Surgery, Ospedale Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
Interests: thyroid physiology; thyroid diseases; thyroid cancer; parathyroid diseases; endocrine oncology; pathophysiology of adrenal glands; pituitary diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid action influences nearly all cells and tissues of the human body. Thyroid hormones act on fetal development, growth, and metabolism as well as on cardiovascular, central nervous, and reproductive systems. It is well known that a condition of deficient or excessive synthesis of thyroid hormones, if not treated, can impact human health, representing an important clinical challenge, especially in particular clinical situations, such as pregnancy and the elderly. Furthermore, thyroid hormones and their analogs have been considered to be possible treatments for specific conditions, such as metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, several systemic pathological conditions can cause an alteration of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis, causing altered hormonal secretion even if in the presence of a normal thyroid gland. This Special Issue aims to highlight the most recent developments in the clinical impact of thyroid dysfunction on human health, as well as, on the other hand, to underline how several systemic conditions can influence the activity of the thyroid gland.

We invite submissions on a variety of topics related to thyroid functional diseases and the impact of other pathological conditions on thyroid function.

Dr. Rosa Maria Paragliola
Dr. Andrea Corsello
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thyroid physiology
  • hypothyroidism
  • hyperthyroidism
  • central hypothyroidism
  • inappropriate TSH secretion syndrome
  • drugs interfering with thyroid function
  • sick euthyroid syndrome
  • consumptive hypothyroidism syndrome

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

10 pages, 261 KB  
Article
Lower Thyroid Function and Higher Plasma Choline: Effect Modification by Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
by Adrian Post, Margery A. Connelly, Stephan J. L. Bakker and Robin P. F. Dullaart
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(21), 10525; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110525 - 29 Oct 2025
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that there is a bidirectional relationship between thyroid function and the gut microbiome. We assessed associations of gut microbiome-derived circulating metabolites, choline, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and betaine with thyroid function status. Among 4771 euthyroid participants of the community-dwelling PREVEND cohort [...] Read more.
Evidence is accumulating that there is a bidirectional relationship between thyroid function and the gut microbiome. We assessed associations of gut microbiome-derived circulating metabolites, choline, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and betaine with thyroid function status. Among 4771 euthyroid participants of the community-dwelling PREVEND cohort study (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine levels within the reference range; no use of thyroid function altering medication), associations of TSH (higher levels indicating low–normal thyroid function) with choline, TMAO, and betaine (determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were assessed. Plasma choline varied by TSH category with the highest values observed in the highest TSH quartile (p < 0.001). Such a trend was also found for TMAO (p = 0.10) but not for betaine (p = 0.68). Linear regression analysis showed a positive association of choline with TSH in fully adjusted analysis (std β: 0.04 (95% CI, 0.01; 0.07; p = 0.012)). TMAO was associated with TSH in unadjusted analysis (std β: 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01; 0.06; p = 0.031)), but not in a fully adjusted model (0.03 (95% CI, −0.01; 0.06; p = 0.094)). Betaine was not associated with TSH. The association of choline with TSH was more pronounced in participants with an elevated fatty liver index, a proxy of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (fully adjusted std β: 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03; 0.13; p = 0.003). Given associations of higher plasma choline and TMAO with cardiovascular disease and mortality, low–normal thyroid function could influence cardiometabolic health via effects on gut microbiome-derived circulating metabolites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Function in Human Diseases: From Physiopathology to Clinical Impact on Human Health)
12 pages, 1047 KB  
Article
Interaction Between Thyroid Hormones and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in the Regulation of Steroidogenesis by Granulosa Cells
by Kanon Motohashi, Yoshiaki Soejima, Koichiro Yamamoto, Nahoko Iwata, Atsuhito Suyama, Yasuhiro Nakano and Fumio Otsuka
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(18), 9127; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26189127 - 18 Sep 2025
Viewed by 604
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are fundamental regulators of cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism. Their receptors are expressed in reproductive tissues, including the ovary, and dysregulation of thyroid hormone homeostasis has been associated with menstrual disturbances, infertility, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands [...] Read more.
Thyroid hormones are fundamental regulators of cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism. Their receptors are expressed in reproductive tissues, including the ovary, and dysregulation of thyroid hormone homeostasis has been associated with menstrual disturbances, infertility, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands and their receptors are functionally involved in gonadotropin-induced ovarian steroidogenesis in an autocrine or paracrine manner. In this study, we examined the effects of thyroid hormones on steroidogenesis and their interplay with BMP signaling by using human granulosa-like KGN cells and primary rat granulosa cells (GCs). In KGN cells, triiodothyronine (T3) enhanced forskolin-induced expression of key steroidogenic enzymes involved in both estradiol biosynthesis and progesterone synthesis/metabolism, whereas thyroxine (T4) exerted minimal effects. In rat GCs, T3 treatment increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated estradiol production without altering progesterone output. T3 pretreatment attenuated BMP-6-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9 in KGN cells, accompanied by upregulation of inhibitory Smad6 and downregulation of the BMP type II receptor. Conversely, BMP-6 stimulation elevated thyroid hormone receptor β expression, indicating reciprocal regulatory interactions between thyroid hormone and BMP pathways. Collectively, these findings suggest that thyroid hormones modulate steroidogenesis, at least in part, through suppression of endogenous BMP-6 signaling in granulosa cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Function in Human Diseases: From Physiopathology to Clinical Impact on Human Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-2
Back to TopTop