8,996 Results Found

Knowledge on heparin-induced thrombocytopenia keeps increasing. Recent progress on diagnosis and management as well as several discoveries concerning its pathogenesis have been made. However, many aspects of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia remain pa...

The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a multifunctional glycoprotein composed of large (LHB), middle (MHB), and small (SHB) subunits. HBsAg isoforms have numerous biological functions during HBV infection—from initial and specific viral at...

It is with pleasure that we introduce a new section of Diagnostics, named “Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis” [...]

The diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains challenging. Although new technologies have been developed and validated, their routine use in clinical practice is needed. Conventional cytology obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancrea...

Coronary atherosclerosis is a potentially chronic circulatory condition that endangers human health. The biological cause underpinning cardiovascular disease is coronary atherosclerosis, and acute cardiovascular events can develop due to thrombosis,...

Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK) is a severe corneal infection caused by the Acanthamoeba species of protozoa, potentially leading to permanent vision loss. AK requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to mitigate vision impairment. Diagnosing AK is challen...

Lymphedema is a chronic progressive disorder that significantly compromises patients’ quality of life. In Western countries, it often results from cancer treatment, as in the case of post-radical prostatectomy lymphedema, where it can affect up...

Over the last decades, significant progress has been achieved in the pulmonary hypertension (PH) field. Pathophysiology of PH has been studied, leading to the classification of PH patients into five groups, while the hemodynamic definition has been r...

Hematological diseases, due to their complex nature and diverse manifestations, pose significant diagnostic challenges in healthcare. The pressing need for early and accurate diagnosis has driven the exploration of novel diagnostic techniques. Infrar...

The current influx of economic migrants and asylum seekers from countries with a high prevalence of haemoglobinopathies creates new challenges for health care systems and diagnostic laboratories. The migration of carriers introduces new and novel hae...

We are honoured to have been involved with Brain Sciences in the production of the Special Issue “New Insights into Pathophysiology; Diagnosis and Treatment of Tinnitus” aiming to address recent advances in the field of tinnitus [...]

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America caused by thermodimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. In the last two decades, enhanced understanding of the phylogenetic species concept and molecular variations ha...

Gastric subepithelial lesions (SELs) are intramural lesions that arise underneath the gastric mucosa. SELs can be benign, but can also be malignant or have malignant potential. Therefore, correct diagnosis is crucial. Endosonography has been establis...

Vibration signals are used to diagnosis faults of the rolling bearing which is symmetric structure. Stochastic resonance (SR) has been widely applied in weak signal feature extraction in recent years. It can utilize noise and enhance weak signals. Ho...

Several studies have shown that in recent years incidence of acute otitis media (AOM) has declined worldwide. However, related medical, social, and economic problems for patients, their families, and society remain very high. Better knowledge of pote...

By using signal processing and statistical analysis methods simultaneously, many heterogeneous features can be produced to describe the bearings fault with more comprehensive and discriminant information. At same time, there may exist redundant or ir...

The latest world atlas of desertification represents a turning point in the diagnosis of desertification. While it forgoes desertification mapping due to the intrinsic complexity of the phenomenon and the impossibility of measuring it using a single...

For 100 years, pelvic endometriosis has been considered to originate from the implantation of endometrial cells following retrograde menstruation or metaplasia. Since some observations, such as the clonal aspect, the biochemical variability of lesion...

Background: Early recognition and specific therapy facilitate a favorable disease course in hepatic venous-occlusive disease (HVOD) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Diagnostic and classification criteria, published by the Euro...

Timely and accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) allows for prompt treatment initiation that can alter the disease course and prevent disability accumulation. The 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria aim to achieve earlier and more precise...

There are different schemes based on observers to detect and isolate faults in dynamic processes. In the case of fault diagnosis in instruments (FDI) there are different diagnosis schemes based on the number of observers: the Simplified Observer Sche...

In general, the measured health condition data from rolling bearings usually exhibit imbalanced distribution. However, traditional intelligent fault diagnosis methods usually assume that the data categories are balanced. To improve the diagnosis accu...

The proper evaluation of heart health requires professional medical experience. Therefore, in clinical diagnosis practice, the development direction is to reduce the high dependence of the diagnosis process on medical experience and to more effective...

There is growing evidence that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to a dysregulation of the immune system with the development of autoimmune phenomena. The consequence of this immune dysregulation ranges from the production of autoantibodie...

Statins have been associated with improved survival in cancer patients and with decreased incidence and mortality of sepsis in different populations. Our objective was to assess whether newly diagnosed cancer patients on statins had decreased inciden...

Myeloid leukemias are a broad group of hematological disorders, characterized by heterogeneous clinical and biological features. In recent years, unprecedented genetic discoveries and clinical–biological correlations have revolutionized the fie...

The diagnosis of a child’s visual impairment is remembered vividly and intensely by their parents. However, the way in which the diagnosis is communicated may affect the development and persistence of this memory. The aim of this study is to an...

A turning point in the field of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the most recent publication of the new European Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension, a collaboration between the European Society of Cardiology and the Eu...

A new gradient-like methodology has been developed for aeroengine diagnosis, determining the engine health condition, which is defined by the engine degradation from an undegraded state and uses measurements at various sensors distributed along the e...

Induction motors operate in difficult environments in the industry. Monitoring the performance of motors in such circumstances is significant, which can provide a reliable operation system. This paper intends to develop a new model for fault diagnosi...

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are gradually becoming some of the most important equipment in deep-sea exploration. However, in the dynamic nature of the deep-sea environment, any unplanned fault of AUVs would cause serious accidents. Traditio...

Diagnosis in stroke patients is based mainly on clinical and radiological findings; therefore, there is a need for serological markers that can orient the clinician. Copeptin is a new blood marker for diagnosis and prognosis in several neurological c...

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening or fatal clinical emergency characterized by rapid onset, and death may be sudden. The margin of certainty about the diagnosis of anaphylactic death is not well established. The application of immunohistochemical tec...

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) represents a rare oncological and heterogeneous disease in which one or more metastases are present, but the location of the primary site is unknown. Pathological diagnosis, using immunohistochemistry, of such metastat...

Background/Objectives: The indirect impact of the pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of new primary melanoma has been carefully evaluated in recent years. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the indirect impact of the pandemic in...

Polycythemia vera (PV) is mainly characterized by elevated blood cell counts, thrombotic as well as hemorrhagic predisposition, a variety of symptoms, and cumulative risks of fibrotic progression and/or leukemic evolution over time. Major changes to...

The fast and continued progress of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and the drastic reduction of its costs have boosted new and unpredictable developments in the field of plant pathology. The cost of whole-genome sequencing, which, until few years ag...

Accurate wire rope defect diagnosis is crucial for the health of whole machinery systems in various industries and practical applications. Although the loss of metallic cross-sectional area signals is the most widely used method in non-destructive wi...

Limited data are available regarding the impact of smoking cessation after atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis on clinical outcomes. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we included patients newly diagnosed with AF and categori...

The dissolved gas analysis of insulating oil in power transformers can provide valuable information about fault diagnosis. Power transformer datasets are often imbalanced, worsening the performance of machine learning-based fault classifiers. A criti...

Small integral membrane protein 20/phoenixin (SMIM20/PNX) and its receptor GPR173 (G Protein-Coupled Receptor 173) play a role in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG). The aim of the study was to determine PNX, FSH, LH, and...

Dementia is described as the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is recognized as the most common, causing a huge impact on health costs and quality of patients’ lives. The main hallmarks that are commonly associated w...

Fault diagnosis is an important research direction in modern industry. In this paper, a new fault diagnosis method based on multi-sensor data fusion is proposed, in which the Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory is employed to model the uncertainty....

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has permeated the medical field with great success. The widespread use of AI technology in diagnosing and treating several types of cancer, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), is now attracti...

Rapid and accurate identification of Anthonomus grandis subspecies is crucial for effective management and eradication. Current diagnostic methods have limitations in terms of time to diagnosis (up to seven days) and can yield ambiguous results. Here...

Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermins, particularly gasdermin D (GSDMD), which is widely expressed in tissues throughout the body. GSDMD belongs to the gasdermin family, which is expressed in a variety of cell types inc...

The rolling bearing is a crucial component of the rotating machine, and it is particularly vital to ensure its normal operation. In addition, the selection of different category features will add uncertainty and bias to the classification results. In...

Systemic mycoses have been viewed as neglected diseases and they are responsible for deaths and disabilities around the world. Rapid, low-cost, simple, highly-specific and sensitive diagnostic tests are critical components of patient care, disease co...

Population aging increases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases that cause cognitive impairment. Advances in clinical practice and greater social awareness of the importance of cognitive impairment have led to an increase in the number o...

The identification of recent HIV infections among newly diagnosed HIV cases is relevant to both implementing targeted prevention measures and estimating HIV incidence. We analyzed data on new HIV diagnoses in Italy from 2012 to 2023. We selected case...