Hemato

Background: Malignant lymphomas are among the most common hematological neoplasms and include a heterogeneous group of entities characterized by distinct morphology, immunophenotype, genetics, and clinical features. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have significantly improved our understanding of the genetic lesions and mechanisms underlying lymphomagenesis. Methods: This review summarizes key developments in molecular pathology relevant to B-cell lymphomas, including updates from the World Health Organization classification and recent progress in genomic, immunophenotypic, and clinical assessment. We highlight findings from next-generation sequencing studies and other molecular approaches used in routine and research settings. Results: Many molecular alterations are now routinely incorporated into diagnostic criteria and influence risk stratification, prognosis, and treatment selection. Although not all lesions are evaluated in everyday clinical practice, several changes have demonstrated prognostic significance and therapeutic relevance. Molecular subclassification has refined our ability to predict clinical behavior and response to targeted therapies. Conclusions: Advances in molecular diagnostics continue to reshape the clinical approach to lymphomas. Improved classification, better identification of therapeutic targets, and more accurate prognostic tools collectively enhance personalized treatment strategies. As a result, molecular tools increasingly guide clinical decision-making and contribute to improved outcomes in patients with B-cell lymphomas.

Background/Objectives: Complete blood count (CBC)-derived markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) have gained increasing attention as accessible indicators of systemic inflammation. These parameters, calculated from routine blood tests, are widely available in clinical settings and are potentially relevant for a variety of chronic diseases. This review aims to explore current evidence and highlight potential future directions regarding the use of hematologic inflammatory biomarkers in chronic disease. Methods: We performed an extensive literature search on PubMed to identify full-text original studies published in the past five years, focused on investigating the clinical applications of hematologic inflammatory markers in chronic conditions. Results: CBC-derived inflammatory markers have been studied in a wide range of chronic diseases, including autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, chronic kidney disease, chronic infections, psychiatric diseases, and other conditions. These markers have been evaluated for multiple clinical purposes, such as aiding diagnosis, monitoring disease status, assessing disease activity, disease subtype characterization, predicting prognosis, and evaluating associations with disease outcomes. Conclusions: As chronic diseases affect millions of individuals globally, placing a burden for the healthcare system, patients, and their families, simple and cost-efficient tools like CBC-derived inflammatory markers have the potential to improve clinical case management.

Introduction: Disease knowledge and health literacy are important health competencies that individuals with chronic conditions like Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) need for self-management. This study aimed to: (I) describe and compare SCD knowledge and health literacy levels in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with SCD in Benin; (II) examine associations between genotype, socio-demographic factors, health literacy, and SCD knowledge; and (III) examine the associations between patients SCD knowledge, health literacy, socio-demographic factors, and (a) frequency of hospitalisations and (b) frequency of occurrence of painful episodes. Methods: AYAs aged 14 to 25 years with SCD attending routine consultations at two Benin clinics—the National Sickle Cell Disease Centre (CPMI-NFED) and the Haematology clinic of the University Teaching Hospital (CUMAS), completed a questionnaire assessing SCD knowledge and health literacy (Health Literacy Measure for Adolescents, HELMA). Results: Most participants had inadequate health literacy: 72.1% at CPMI-NFED and 82.1% at CUMAS, with no significant differences between centres (t = 1.642, p = 0.200). CPMI-NFED participants had higher SCD knowledge than those at CUMAS (t = 4.303, p = 0.038). Higher SCD knowledge (β = 0.466; p < 0.001) and health literacy (β = 5.081; p < 0.001) were associated with older age. Tertiary-level education was associated with higher health literacy (β = 4.286; p = 0.023). Participants with high SCD knowledge experienced fewer painful episodes (IRR = 0.777, p = 0.046), but no significant differences in hospital admissions (IRR = 0.764, p = 0.162). Conclusions: Inadequate health literacy is common in AYAs with SCD in Benin. Having high SCD knowledge may have an impact on the occurrence of painful episodes.