Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) concentrations were measured in a wide range of cheeses and the effects of fat content, ripening and origin of the cheeses were investigated. Moreover, the menaquinone content of cheese was compared with that of other foods k...
The content and composition of dietary supplements is of great interest due to their increasing consumption and variety of available brand offered in the market. Accurate determination of vitamins is important for the improvement of dietary supplemen...
Rapid, global technological development has caused the food industry to use concentrated food component sources like dietary supplements ever more commonly as part of the human diet. This study analysed the menaquinone-7 (MK-7) content of dietary sup...
In Lactococcus lactis and some other lactic acid bacteria, respiratory metabolism has been reported upon supplementation with only heme, leading to enhanced biomass formation, reduced acidification, resistance to oxygen, and improved long-term storag...
Besides its role in coagulation, vitamin K seems to be involved in various other mechanisms, including inflammation and age-related diseases, also at the level of gene expression. This work examined the roles of two vitamin K2 (menaquinones) vitamers...
Background/Objectives: α-Mangostin, a natural product from Garcinia mangostana L, presents very strong antibacterial activity in plant flavonoids against Staphylococcus aureus. Recently, it was reported that the quinone pool is a key target of...
Vitamin K family molecules—phylloquinone (K1), menaquinone (K2), and menadione (K3)—act as γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX)-exclusive cofactors in their hydroquinone state, activating proteins of main importance for blood coagulation i...
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) provides significant health gains due to its excellent pharmacokinetic properties. However, MK-7 occurs at low concentrations in mainstream foods, heightening the demand for nutritional supplements. MK-7 exists as geometric isome...
Background/Objectives: The benefits of vitamin K are well established in skeletal and cardiovascular health through activation of vitamin K-dependent proteins, including osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein. Emerging evidence also links vitamin K to pa...
MK-7, like other biological molecules, exists in geometric isomers, including cis and trans forms, among which only the all-trans form holds biological significance. Recent studies have drawn attention to the manifold health advantages linked to the...
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that is widely distributed in nature, having been isolated from a variety of sources such as soil, water, plant matter, and animals. In addition, L. monocytogenes is often detected in the regular samplin...
Cardiovascular calcification is prevalent in the aging population and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus, giving rise to substantial morbidity and mortality. Vitamin K-dependent matrix Gla-protein (MGP) is an importan...
Insufficient calcium intake during growth is a global public health concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary menaquinone-7 (MK-7) on bone accrual in growing Sprague–Dawley rats under calcium restriction. Followin...
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is the most therapeutically valuable K vitamin owing to its excellent bioavailability. MK-7 occurs as geometric isomers, and only all-trans MK-7 is bioactive. The fermentation-based synthesis of MK-7 entails various challenges, p...
Background/Objectives: Linear growth in children reflects cumulative influences of nutrition, health, and skeletal development. Vitamin K2, particularly menaquinone-7 (MK-7), plays an important role in bone mineralization, yet evidence regarding its...
Vitamin K2 is indispensable for blood coagulation and bone metabolism. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is the predominant homolog of vitamin K2, which is present in large amounts in the pancreas, although its function is unclear. Meanwhile, β-cell dysfunct...
Bacillus subtilis natto can co-produce nattokinase (NK) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), but their distinct biosynthetic demands, cellular localization, and production kinetics may be associated with condition-dependent trade-offs. This review critically ev...
Epidemiologic studies showed that higher vitamin K (VK) consumption correlates with a reduced risk of osteoporosis, yet the dispute remains about whether VK is effective in improving bone mineral density (BMD). We sought to discover the anti-osteopor...
Background: There is a very high prevalence of subclinical vitamin K deficiency in patients requiring hemodialysis (HD), and this problem is associated with vascular calcification and arterial stiffness. Vitamin K2 (MK-7) supplementation can improve...
The overactivation of microglia is known to trigger inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system, which ultimately induce neuroinflammatory disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. However, increasing evidence has shown that menaquinone...
Background: Osteoporosis is a major skeletal disorder, particularly affecting postmenopausal women. Young ovariectomized rat models are commonly used to investigate estrogen deficiency-related skeletal changes, although they do not fully reproduce os...
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) develops early in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Arterial calcification is caused by an imbalance in calcification regulatory mechanis...
Background: Dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) contribute to oxidative stress, inflammation, and complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a vitamin K2 subtype, has shown benefits for glucose toleranc...
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) plays a crucial role in preventing fractures and certain cardiovascular diseases and is one of the essential vitamins in the human body. In this study, a strain of Bacillus subtilis that produces MK-7 was isolated from commercial...
Menaquinones are a class of isoprenoid molecules that have important roles in human biology and bacterial electron transport, and multiple methods have been developed for their synthesis. These compounds consist of a methylnaphthoquinone (MK) unit an...
Lipoquinones are the topic of this review and are a class of hydrophobic lipid molecules with key biological functions that are linked to their structure, properties, and location within a biological membrane. Ubiquinones, plastoquinones, and menaqui...
Vitamin K3 (VK3) is an essential micronutrient for fish growth and metabolism. To determine the optimal required dietary concentration of VK, a 12-week-long trial was planned to investigate the impact of VK3 on growth performance, muscle composition,...
Whether through the vitamin K-dependent proteins or the individual K vitamers, vitamin K (VK) is associated with a number of age-related conditions (e.g., osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, cognitive decline). In light of this, we inv...
Menaquinones (MK) are hydrophobic molecules that consist of a naphthoquinone headgroup and a repeating isoprenyl side chain and are cofactors used in bacterial electron transport systems to generate cellular energy. We have previously demonstrated th...
Aerobic and anaerobic respiratory systemsallow cells to transport the electrons to terminal electron acceptors. The quinone (ubiquinone or menaquinone) pool is central to the electron transport chain. In the majority of Gram-positive bacteria, vitami...
Menaquinone-7 (MK7) is a member of the vitamin K family in which interest has considerably increased over the last decade, mainly due to its beneficial role in human health. MK7 can be produced by synthesis or fermentation, and its purity profile can...
Industrial production of menaquione-7 by Bacillus subtilis natto is associated with major drawbacks. To address the current challenges in menaquione-7 fermentation, studying the effect of magnetic nanoparticles on the bacterial cells can open up a ne...
One of the major issues associated with industrial production of menaquinone-7 (MK–7) is the low fermentation yield. In this study, we investigated the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with 3–aminopropyltriethoxysilane (IONs@APTES) on the pr...
Vitamin K is involved many biological processes, such as the regulation of blood coagulation, prevention of vascular calcification, bone metabolism and modulation of cell proliferation. Menaquinones (MK) and phylloquinone vary in biological activity,...
Endothelial dysfunction represents the initial stage in atherosclerotic lesion development which occurs physiologically during aging, but external factors like diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking accelerate it. Since cigarette smoking promotes oxidati...
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory arterial disease and the primary underlying cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its development and progression are driven by a mechanistically interconnected triad of endothelial dysfu...
Background/Objectives: Vitamin K2 analogs are associated with decreased vascular calcification, which may provide protective benefits for individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) by stimulating anti-calcific proteins like matrix Gla protein and...
The aim of the study was to identify and quantitatively assess of carotenoids and isoprenoid quinones biosynthesized by six different strains of acetic acid bacteria, belonging to genus Asaia, that are common beverage-spoiling bacteria in Europe. Bac...
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is recognized for its important biological activity, and Bacillus subtilis is the preferred strain for its fermentative production. However, the limited phenotypic diversity among high-yielding strains complicates the development...
Background/Objectives: Post-menopausal women are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in coagulation and maintaining vascular health. The aim of the post hoc analysis of thi...
The absence of vitamin E from the diet can lead to cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataracts, and premature aging. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders. These fat-soluble vitamins are important nutritional factors that can be determine...
The effective delivery of menahydroquinone-4 (MKH), an active form of menaquinone-4 (MK-4, vitamin K2(20)), to the skin is beneficial in the treatment of various skin pathologies. However, its delivery through the application of MK-4 to the skin is h...
Plant flavonoids have attracted increasing attention as new antimicrobial agents or adjuvants. In our previous work, it was confirmed that the cell membrane is the major site of plant flavonoids acting on the Gram-positive bacteria, which likely invo...
Background and Objectives: Depression is a growing global health burden, underscoring the need for preventive strategies that complement existing treatments. Environmental enrichment (EE), incorporating physical, cognitive, sensory, and social stimul...
In this study, 3D Mg scaffolds were obtained by the spark plasma sintering (SPS), and a calcium phosphate coating was then obtained on the samples by the plasma electrolytic oxidation. A hybrid coating with vancomycin, zoledronic acid, and menaquinon...
Vitamin K is an essential, lipid soluble vitamin that plays an important role in the human blood coagulation cascade as well as in the life cycle of bacteria and plants. In this study, we report the isolation and structure elucidation of unprecedente...
Vitamin K acts as a cofactor and is required for post-translational γ-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDP). The current recommended daily intake (RDI) of vitamin K in most countries has been established based on normal coagulati...
Biological properties of menaquinone-7, one of the vitamin K2 vitamers (K2MK-7), both those proven and those that remain to be investigated, arouse extensive interest that goes beyond the strictly scientific framework. The most important of them is t...
Osteoporosis (OP) and vascular calcification (VC) represent relevant health problems that frequently coexist in the elderly population. Traditionally, they have been considered independent processes, and mainly age-related. However, an increasing num...
Vitamin K (VitK) is a vital nutrient that is newly recognized to support bone and cardiovascular health. As a nutraceutical, VitK is produced via plant extraction and bacterial fermentation. This study examined the potential anti-inflammatory and ost...
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