In this paper, we analyse the impact of gender equality in managerial positions on wages and the gender wage gap in 22 European countries. We draw on the employer–employee microdata from the European Structure of Earnings Survey (E-SES) for the...
Between 2018 and mid-2019, Kyrgyzstan implemented wage reforms in education, healthcare, and social services, sectors in which women are strongly represented. This study examines gender wage inequality over this reform period using the 2016 and 2019...
Background: A growing body of research has documented persistent wage gaps between women and men in the healthcare workforce, a pattern widely observed across cadres and countries. Less well known is whether various intersecting characteristics often...
Routine-Biased Technological Change (RBTC) is viewed as reshaping labor markets, yet its implications for gender inequality in developing economies remain underexplored. This study examines these dynamics among formal wage workers in Indonesia from 2...
1 November 2026
Equal pay for work of equal value is a target of the 2030 Agenda (SDG 8.5), and aggregate statistics suggest that Chile’s gender wage gap narrowed after COVID-19; whether this narrowing was general or segment-specific is unclear. Using pooled 2...
In this paper, we investigate how organizational equal opportunity and work–life measures when combined are associated with the gender wage gap within large German establishments. By looking at both kinds of measures as parts of a comprehensive...
We use the Theil index and data from the 2012–2016, American Community Survey 5-Year Sample to document and analyze gender wage inequality for American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) women across single, multiracial and ethnic identity groups....
This article aims to perform a critical analysis of wage gaps according to gender from information provided by sustainability reports that were disseminated by Brazilian companies listed in the Ibovespa index. To conduct this analysis, bibliographic...
This article introduces a novel approach to decomposing the Blinder–Oaxaca gender wage gap using pseudo-panel data. In many developing countries, panel data are not available; however, understanding the evolution of the gender wage gap over tim...
In the present study, we analyze how childbirth-related changes in commuting contribute to the motherhood wage gap, which in turn accounts for a large part of the gender pay gap. Derived from human capital theory and job search theory, we examine var...
Measuring social sustainability performance involves assessing firms’ implementation of social goals, including working conditions, health and safety, employee relationships, diversity, human rights, community engagement, and philanthropy. The...
This online survey aimed to elaborate on the salary, working conditions, and job satisfaction of employed veterinarians in Germany. The focus was on factors influencing salaries, violations of German laws, and comparisons between employees of owner-...
While research often invokes gender disparities in wage-determining characteristics to explain gender pay gaps, why these gender disparities and gender pay gaps vary across contexts has received less attention. Therefore, I analyze how subnational ge...
This study analysed the presence and influence of educational mismatch in the service and industry sectors in Spain, due to the lack of studies of this phenomenon in the latter sector. We also analyse its effect on wages and its role in creating a ge...
Since 1987, the wages of women in Ireland have been growing faster than those of men. This, coupled with a decrease in the average hours worked by men, has resulted in a reduction in the gender earnings gap in Ireland, most notably at the bottom of t...
In this study, we analyze the relationship between economic variables influencing wages in the Dutch economy during the period 1995–2023 using the ARIMAX method. The analysis reveals that lagged wages and salaries for male workers have a strong...
In recent decades, the wage gap between higher- and lower-skilled workers has steadily widened around the world, and this gap is widening. There are several approaches in the literature to understand the causes of this steady increase, with Skill-Bia...
This study aims to analyze gender differences in wages, social support, and job satisfaction in the public sector. From the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey data, 2046 subjects were selected as public sector workers. This study analyzed gender di...
Of the various approaches that, over the last few decades, have sought explanations for the constant increase in the wage gap between more and less skilled workers, the Skill-Biased Technological Change (SBTC) approach has been the most used and the...
The gender income gap is large and well documented in many countries. Recent research shows that it is mainly driven by differences in working patterns between men and women but also by wage differences. The tax–benefit system cushions the gend...
This study evaluates the socioeconomic effects of educational policies implemented between 2010 and 2024 within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, focusing on the labor demand for professionals with advanced competencies. Using a quanti...
Skills utilization is an important factor affecting labor productivity and job satisfaction. This paper examines the effects of skills mismatch, nepotism, and gender discrimination on wages and job satisfaction in MENA workplaces. Gender discriminati...
In 2015, the United Nations (UN) approved the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development to improve the lives of countries and societies. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) incorporated the agenda into the tourism industry. This study has as its prim...
The digital economy is emerging as a transformative force for advancing inclusive sustainable development in rural China, particularly in addressing gender disparities in non-agricultural employment. Using the Digital Inclusive Finance Index and Chin...
This paper analyzes one of the causes of the current gender-unbalanced situation in the labor market: the discrimination that individuals face at work due to their commitment to unpaid care work. It aims at finding mechanisms that may induce a change...
This paper analyzes gender issues with respect to public pensions in China. Because provision of public pensions in China is highly fragmented, with different programs applying to different groups of people, we focus on the largest mandatory public p...
The U.S. pharmacist workforce has undergone significant growth and demographic changes, particularly increased female participation and part-time employment. However, limited evidence exists on how labor supply behavior varies by gender and employmen...
The integration or resettlement efforts aimed at self-reliance of refugees are requisite for their adaptation to social and economic shocks and consequently to their human development and contribution to economic growth. This study analyses the drive...
The paper examines the time allocation between paid work (wage earning or self-employed work generally termed as employment work) and unpaid (domestic chores/care work generally termed as non-employment work) along with wage rates, imputed earnings,...
Economic crises and instability during the COVID pandemic have led to a significant additional workload and uncertainty for women. The COVID virus has spread extremely rapidly, and mobility and migration are severely limited, at least in the short te...
Gender equity is one of the most complex contemporary challenges, encompassing political, economic, labor, and cultural dimensions. This study aims to analyze the impact of public policies, labor practices, and social movements in promoting gender eq...
Gender equality in leadership positions is important for sport organizations to achieve economic and social sustainability. Based on a multi-level framework, this study examines spillover effects from economic and social state-level factors in sport...
Data on social dimensions of the bioeconomy, particularly gender equity and poverty, two core Sustainable Development Goals, remains limited and difficult to operationalise. This paper presents a desk-based assessment of social risks related to gende...
Female participation in the labor market has been increasing over time. Despite the fact that the level of education among women has also increased considerably, the wage gap has not narrowed to the same extent. This dichotomy presents an important c...
29 July 2020
The aims of the study were: (i) to describe the work integration after retirement in elite athletes, (ii) to compare the working integration of women and men, and Olympic and non-Olympic athletes, and (iii) to specify the factors that affect their em...
30 November 2024
Context: The impact of forced migration on the mental health of refugee men is far-reaching and compounded by gendered masculinity, which shapes men’s access to employment and other resources. A gap in knowledge exists on the broader determinants of...
The propensity score defining the probability of completing a given degree of education—to balance covariates—and the Mincer equation is here estimated at various degrees of higher education. The novelty is in implementing propensity scor...
The concept of intersectionality examines how multiple and interdependent forms of oppression manifest among marginalized social groups, considering their social markers. This study aims to analyze intersectionality in the labor market, with a critic...
It is often argued that digital labour platforms entail an expansion of opportunities for women for several reasons. They facilitate the balance between paid work and household chores as a result of time flexibility, they eliminate entry and permanen...
We investigate the relationship between women’s participation and the growth of 10,445 Brazilian SMEs operating in a widespread economic crisis. Our study is motivated by the disproportional unemployment scores observed among women during the C...
One of the main focuses of social innovation is the fight for social inclusion for all. The prevalence of violence against women with disabilities shows how the lack of recognition of diversity hinders real equality for these individuals. This violen...
5 May 2021
Biomass plays a fundamental role in numerous decarbonisation strategies that seek to mitigate the short- and long-term effects of climate change. Within this context, decision-makers’ choices need to comprehensively consider potential sustainability...
28 October 2021
We present a comparative environmental and social life cycle assessment (ELCA and SLCA) of algal fuel and fodder co-production (AF + fodder) versus algal fuel and energy co-production (AF + energy). Our ELCA results indicate that fodder co-production...
Background: Income is a key determinant of well-being; however, its effects are often nonlinear. In Japan, working women face unique limitations to their well-being, including substantial gender wage gaps, caregiving responsibilities, and female-spec...
Digital labour platforms are often celebrated for offering flexible work, yet women platform workers remain marginal in both regulation and legal scholarship. This article asks a single doctrinal question: when the law recognises platform workers wit...
Evidence on how coping practices for immediate climate variations can transform into long-term adaptive capacity are relatively limited. This study addressed this gap by identifying the coping practices for short-term climate variations and the adapt...
(1) Background: Brazil features one of the largest recycling workforces worldwide, with around 800,000 informal waste pickers, mostly living in urban areas of major cities and dealing with low income and precarious working conditions. This context of...