The Impact of Public Policies (Product and Labour Market Regulations and Institutions and Education Policies) on Employment, Unemployment and Human Capital

A special issue of Economies (ISSN 2227-7099). This special issue belongs to the section "Labour and Education".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2025) | Viewed by 9651

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Guest Editor
Economics Department, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
Interests: macroeconomics; international economics; structural policies
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special issue aims to gather papers on how public policies interact with labour markets using macro- and micro-datasets and on the basis of a variety of estimation techniques, covering advanced and emerging markets and developing economies.

The effects of public policies on labour market outcomes (employment, unemployment, and participation rates), and beyond (productivity, income inequalities, and fairness), have been studied extensively over the past few decades. The literature has evolved and policy effects have been re-considered, e.g., i) data coverage has been extended to cover more countries (including developed and developing countries), ii) granular data on policies have became accessible, iii) policy effects may  vary over time and across countries, iv) policies interact in important ways with each other, v) micro-level datasets have became detailed, and vi) new econometric methods have gathered prominence.

This Special Issue offers new contributions to this ever-expanding literature.

Dr. Balázs Égert
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • public policies
  • labour markets
  • employment
  • unemployment
  • human capital

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 1104 KiB  
Article
Returns to Higher Education in Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, 2010–2024
by Janeth Yadira Rodríguez Galván and Juan Francisco Islas Aguirre
Economies 2025, 13(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13020043 - 11 Feb 2025
Viewed by 909
Abstract
This study evaluates the socioeconomic effects of educational policies implemented between 2010 and 2024 within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, focusing on the labor demand for professionals with advanced competencies. Using a quantitative analysis based on microdata from the National Survey [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the socioeconomic effects of educational policies implemented between 2010 and 2024 within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, focusing on the labor demand for professionals with advanced competencies. Using a quantitative analysis based on microdata from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE) for 2010–2024, an econometric model is employed to estimate the returns to education and work experience and analyze gender wage gaps and the urban–rural distribution. The findings reveal a 46.3% increase in the labor market participation of individuals with higher education and a rise in wage disparities, particularly in the Information and Communication Technology sector. Limited to ENOE data in Mexico, this research adds value by identifying the mismatch between educational supply and emerging labor market demands. The conclusions suggest adjusting educational policies to reduce gender gaps and better equip graduates to meet current challenges. Full article
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28 pages, 13091 KiB  
Article
Spatial Dependence in the Cyclical Sensitivity of Labour Supply: An Analysis at the Regional Level in Ecuador
by Ángel Maridueña-Larrea and Ángel Martín-Román
Economies 2024, 12(12), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12120353 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1140
Abstract
The labour supply has historically been subject to influence from the economic cycle. On the other hand, there is a paucity of research in the Latin American region examining the impact of social factors on labour participation in diverse contexts. This study examines [...] Read more.
The labour supply has historically been subject to influence from the economic cycle. On the other hand, there is a paucity of research in the Latin American region examining the impact of social factors on labour participation in diverse contexts. This study examines the spatial dependence of the cyclical sensitivity of labour supply in 23 provinces of Ecuador. A time series analysis was conducted to calculate the cyclical sensitivities of labour supply, and spatial econometric techniques were applied to assess spatial dependence using monthly data for the period 2021 to 2024. We found evidence of a positive and significant spatial dependence in the cyclical sensitivity of labour supply. Our findings suggest that labour decisions in one province are influenced by those in neighbouring provinces, thereby providing a framework for the design of public policies that take into account these interdependencies. Full article
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13 pages, 258 KiB  
Article
Employment Subsidies and Job Insertion of Higher Education Graduates in the Labor Market
by Anis Khayati, Umme Hani, Md Shabbir Alam, Nadia Sha and Chokri Terzi
Economies 2024, 12(11), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12110297 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1351
Abstract
This paper uses data from the 24 governorates in Tunisia over the period 2012–2020 to study the relationship between job insertion of higher education graduates into the formal labor market and a number of independent variables, namely active labor supply, labor demand, an [...] Read more.
This paper uses data from the 24 governorates in Tunisia over the period 2012–2020 to study the relationship between job insertion of higher education graduates into the formal labor market and a number of independent variables, namely active labor supply, labor demand, an active labor market policy program (named the CIVP program), and the waiting time for job insertion. The balanced panel, which includes 216 observations for each variable, was the basis of different tests and estimations. The results of the tests allowed the assessment of a fixed effects model and a long-term relationship using FMOLS and VECM models. Results show that, in the long term, active labor supply and the CIVP program have positive effects on the job insertion of higher education graduates. In contrast, the results in the short term do not appear significant, with a negative effect of the CIVP program that reflects the fact that companies exploit most of the benefits of this wage subsidy program on job insertion before final recruitment. Using the ARDL model, the individual results by governate show specific differences across areas. Full article
20 pages, 774 KiB  
Article
A Measure That Really Works? Impact Evaluation of the Contribution for Self-Employment as a Tool of Active Labour Market Policy in Slovakia
by Lucia Svabova and Barbora Gabrikova
Economies 2024, 12(5), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12050116 - 13 May 2024
Viewed by 1619
Abstract
Unemployment presents a significant challenge requiring attention not only in developing countries but also in economically developed ones. Active labour market policies offer a potential solution to address this issue. This study focuses on assessing the impact of the intervention called Contribution for [...] Read more.
Unemployment presents a significant challenge requiring attention not only in developing countries but also in economically developed ones. Active labour market policies offer a potential solution to address this issue. This study focuses on assessing the impact of the intervention called Contribution for Self-employment provided under the Act on Employment Services No. 5/2004 Coll in the Slovak Republic. This financial support is extended voluntarily to unemployed individuals seeking jobs and aims to partially defray the expenses associated with launching business ventures. The primary objective of this research is to quantify the effectiveness of the Contribution for Self-employment in enhancing the employment of its recipients, thereby gauging its efficacy in reducing unemployment. The evaluation employs a counterfactual impact assessment methodology, utilising propensity score matching for analysis, with propensity score estimated by the logistic regression. Data from the registry of jobseekers maintained by the Central Labour Office of Social Affairs and Family in Slovakia are utilised in this analysis. This study’s findings indicate a favourable impact of the contribution on the employment of its participants compared to the comparable non-participants. Consequently, this intervention emerges as a viable mechanism for supporting entrepreneurship and mitigating unemployment in Slovakia. Full article
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15 pages, 638 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Burnout Experienced by Nurses in Retirement Homes on Human Resources Economics
by Ljiljana Leskovic, Sergej Gričar, Raffaella Folgieri, Violeta Šugar and Štefan Bojnec
Economies 2024, 12(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12020033 - 30 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3572
Abstract
The human resources economic implications of nursing burnout amongst nurses working in retirement homes have become a critical concern within the healthcare industry. As the backbone of care provision in these settings, it is crucial to understand the consequences of burnout on the [...] Read more.
The human resources economic implications of nursing burnout amongst nurses working in retirement homes have become a critical concern within the healthcare industry. As the backbone of care provision in these settings, it is crucial to understand the consequences of burnout on the workforce’s well-being and organisational sustainability. This study aims to investigate burnout among nurses working in retirement homes in Slovenia. The reasons for burnout vary across countries and regions, so gathering data specific to this population is essential. Through surveys conducted among 253 nurses and medical technicians, factor analysis revealed three factors for burnout: emotional exhaustion, reduced personal fulfilment, and impersonality. This research aims to pave the way for reducing workplace stress by creating new opportunities for better working conditions. To achieve these goals, executive management in retirement homes should gain proficiency in the four elements of the quality management cycle: planning, execution, evaluation, and continuous improvement. Furthermore, a comparative analysis was conducted to collate the empirical findings with those from Croatia. Full article
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