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Economies
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Labour Economics
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Labour Economics

A special issue of Economies (ISSN 2227-7099).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2023) | Viewed by 12889

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Corrado Andini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Management and Economics, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
2. Department of Juridical and Economic Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: labour economics; macroeconomics; industrial organization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ways in which economists regard the labour market vary across economic theories. For instance, Neoclassical and Keynesian economists certainly have different views about what affects job creation, what determines income distribution, what the link between education, employment and wages is, what types of institutions matter and why they do, and (more generally) what the effects of individual, firm and government decisions on labour market outcomes are. The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect original contributions on the economics of labour markets from different scholarly perspectives. Both mainstream and heterodox views are welcome, regardless of the nature of the proposed study (e.g., theoretical vs. empirical). The published articles are expected to bring new insights that have relevant implications for policymaking. All submissions for the Special Issue on "Labour Economics" must contain original unpublished work not being considered for publication elsewhere. Both regular papers and short notes are suitable for publication.

Prof. Dr. Corrado Andini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Economies is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wages
  • education
  • productivity
  • employment
  • income distribution
  • institutions
  • mainstream models
  • heterodox models
  • public policy

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 882 KiB  
Article
Examining the Shifting Dynamics of the Beveridge Curve in the Turkish Labor Market during Crises
by Jamilu Said Babangida, Asad Ul Islam Khan and Ahmet Faruk Aysan
Economies 2024, 12(5), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12050110 - 7 May 2024
Viewed by 249
Abstract
Following the global financial crisis, an increasing amount of attention has been directed towards examining the Beveridge curve (BC), which indicates the relationship between unemployment and vacancy rates. This research analyzes the unemployment–vacancy rate dynamics in the Turkiye labor market during both the [...] Read more.
Following the global financial crisis, an increasing amount of attention has been directed towards examining the Beveridge curve (BC), which indicates the relationship between unemployment and vacancy rates. This research analyzes the unemployment–vacancy rate dynamics in the Turkiye labor market during both the global financial crisis and COVID-19 periods. The findings from this study demonstrate that the labor market exhibits deteriorating efficiency, as evidenced by movement of BC away from the origin. The unemployment and vacancy rates both increase over time, with a leftward (rightward) shift of BC during the global financial crisis (COVID-19) period. The study also reveals that both crises had no significant effect on unemployment–vacancy rate dynamics. In the Turkish labor market, there exists a situation where the vacancy rate is in shortfall of the unemployment level in Turkiye. This creates a positive relationship between these two factors. The labor market in Turkiye experiences inefficiencies as it struggles to generate a sufficient number of jobs to meet the demand from job seekers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Labour Economics)
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25 pages, 1729 KiB  
Article
Impact of Venezuelan Migration on the Informal Workforce of Native Workers in Colombia
by William Prieto Bustos, Cristian Darío Castillo Robayo, Jacobo Campo Robledo and Juliana Molina Dominguez
Economies 2024, 12(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12020038 - 2 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1512
Abstract
Colombia experienced a substantial increase in annual migration flow from Venezuela from 2013 to 2019, accumulating 1.7 million migrants by the end of 2019. According to migration data, 2016 was a breaking point in migration growth, with an increase of 137.57% compared with [...] Read more.
Colombia experienced a substantial increase in annual migration flow from Venezuela from 2013 to 2019, accumulating 1.7 million migrants by the end of 2019. According to migration data, 2016 was a breaking point in migration growth, with an increase of 137.57% compared with 2015 and at which time the influx of migrant workers began to be massive, rapid, and involuntary. In this regard, the research paper investigates, using a difference-in-differences model, the impacts on the labor market across different definitions of the informal workforce, testing the hypothesis that short-term labor migration increased (1) the number of employed individuals in companies with a workforce of fewer than five people, (2) the number of employed individuals not contributing to the social security system, and (3) the relative participation of the informal workforce in total employment from 2015 to 2018. The main results indicate an expansion in the labor market’s informal segment, increasing the number of non-returned native workers in the informal workforce without significant increases in the participation of informality in total employment. The results remain robust across various samples in models adjusted for departmental-, municipal-, and individual-level data. Following the economic theory, the research findings seem to follow a transmission mechanism in which migrant workers reduce labor costs and increase production in informal markets, providing better conditions to increase informal jobs for native workers. Several national and international stakeholders implementing income-generation alternatives in the border departments focusing on migrant employment services could find the research findings helpful in at least two aspects: (1) fighting cultural stereotypes upon which basis native workers tend to see migration as a threat to their current job holdings requires evidence that shows migrant workers contribute to economic growth and employment; (2) promoting better public policies to take advantage of initial conditions that favor labor integration of migrant workers such as cultural and language similarities among natives and migrants works better when there is evidence of the migration’s positive impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Labour Economics)
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9 pages, 233 KiB  
Communication
What Predicts Long-Term Absenteeism, and Who Disappears from the Workforce When Enterprises Downsize?
by Jarle Aarstad and Olav Andreas Kvitastein
Economies 2024, 12(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12010013 - 1 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1519
Abstract
This paper primarily studies how wages predict long-term absenteeism in enterprises. In addition, it studies who disappears from the workforce when downsizing. Analyzing Norwegian enterprise data using dynamic unconditional quasi-maximum likelihood fixed-effects panel regression and general methods of moments panel regression with instrumental [...] Read more.
This paper primarily studies how wages predict long-term absenteeism in enterprises. In addition, it studies who disappears from the workforce when downsizing. Analyzing Norwegian enterprise data using dynamic unconditional quasi-maximum likelihood fixed-effects panel regression and general methods of moments panel regression with instrumental variables, we find that increasing average wages decreases average long-term absenteeism. As the effect barely abates the following year, it likely reflects highly skilled and motivated employees in good health receiving a wage premium and not a stimulus boosting overall work attitudes, which is likely short-lived. Wage inequality increases absenteeism, indicating that increasing low earners’ wages relative to those earning high ones decreases absenteeism, but the effect is short-lived and disappears the following year. In addition, average age and education tend to decrease absenteeism, but female labor participation increases it, likely due to maternity leave. Also, increasing the workforce increases absenteeism, indicating that handling many new employees is challenging. When enterprises downsize, young and low earners initially disappear from the workforce, but the following year, older and high earners share the same fate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Labour Economics)
22 pages, 2245 KiB  
Article
The Labour Share, Government Expenditure and Income Inequality of Post-Soviet Countries
by Bruno S. Sergi, Svetlana Balashova and Svetlana Ratner
Economies 2023, 11(12), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11120288 - 28 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1708
Abstract
This study analyses the influence of economic growth on inequality, concentrating on the role of governments as mediators. The period studied is from 2000 to 2020, encompassing 11 post-Soviet countries. The primary estimation method used is the two-stage least squares for panel data. [...] Read more.
This study analyses the influence of economic growth on inequality, concentrating on the role of governments as mediators. The period studied is from 2000 to 2020, encompassing 11 post-Soviet countries. The primary estimation method used is the two-stage least squares for panel data. Despite the differences in the economic and political systems at the current development stage, the post-Soviet countries share a common pattern in terms of the relationship between economic growth, the labour income share and the level of inequality, which we first show in this article. Government expenditure has the potential to reduce inequality. However, its effectiveness depends largely on government efficiency and the development of democratic institutions. Despite the increase in government spending on education, more is needed to reduce income inequality. Increased economic performance, productivity, and high-quality state institutions are necessary for this change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Labour Economics)
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26 pages, 1428 KiB  
Article
Trade Openness and Unemployment in Selected Southern African Development Community (SADC) Countries
by Dorcas Gonese, Kin Sibanda and Phillip Ngonisa
Economies 2023, 11(10), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11100252 - 9 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1973
Abstract
The relationship between trade openness and unemployment in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries remains an area of significant interest and concern. While trade openness is often advocated for fostering economic growth and development, its potential effects on employment outcomes are complex and [...] Read more.
The relationship between trade openness and unemployment in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries remains an area of significant interest and concern. While trade openness is often advocated for fostering economic growth and development, its potential effects on employment outcomes are complex and multifaceted. Understanding the nature and nuances of this relationship within the SADC region is crucial for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to design effective strategies that balance the benefits of trade openness with the goals of reducing unemployment and promoting inclusive growth. This study evaluates the effect of trade openness on unemployment in SADC from 1980 to 2019 using panel ARDL (pooled mean group—PMG) estimation techniques. The findings of the study show that trade openness and exports negatively impact unemployment, whereas imports positively affect unemployment in the long run. This suggests that while boosting exports and real trade, openness decreases unemployment, and imports increase job losses in the long run in the SADC region. This calls for more caution on trade openness regarding what to export and import when addressing regional unemployment reduction policies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Labour Economics)
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22 pages, 696 KiB  
Article
New Evidence about Skill-Biased Technological Change and Gender Wage Inequality
by Manuel Carlos Nogueira and Mara Madaleno
Economies 2023, 11(7), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11070193 - 17 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2602
Abstract
In recent decades, the wage gap between higher- and lower-skilled workers has steadily widened around the world, and this gap is widening. There are several approaches in the literature to understand the causes of this steady increase, with Skill-Biased Technological Change (SBTC) being [...] Read more.
In recent decades, the wage gap between higher- and lower-skilled workers has steadily widened around the world, and this gap is widening. There are several approaches in the literature to understand the causes of this steady increase, with Skill-Biased Technological Change (SBTC) being the most used and the results more consistent. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of this wage gap among workers in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, using cluster analysis and then modeling through simultaneous equations for the period between 2007 and 2020. Albeit with varying intensity, we conclude that in all clusters, there is a strong influence of the wage gap of the less skilled on the widening of the wage gap of the more skilled, with this influence being even more intense in the case of women. The SBTC approach can also be detected in all clusters but with greater intensity in the case of countries that invest more in research and development (R&D). Education spending and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita also play a role in widening the wage gap as well as in reducing gender inequalities. We also conclude that each cluster has its specificities that justify the choice made and that a slow reduction in gender wage inequality is observed in all clusters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Labour Economics)
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Review

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25 pages, 4521 KiB  
Review
A Systematic Review of Industry 4.0 Technology on Workforce Employability and Skills: Driving Success Factors and Challenges in South Asia
by Md. Tota Miah, Szilvia Erdei-Gally, Anita Dancs and Mária Fekete-Farkas
Economies 2024, 12(2), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12020035 - 31 Jan 2024
Viewed by 2476
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on workforce employability and skills in the South Asian region. The study investigates the driving success factors, challenges, and needed skills by analyzing 48 peer-reviewed articles. The authors [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on workforce employability and skills in the South Asian region. The study investigates the driving success factors, challenges, and needed skills by analyzing 48 peer-reviewed articles. The authors searched keywords on the Web of Science database for articles published between 2013 and 2022. The review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA 2020) and pareto principles. The analysis identifies nine critical success factors, such as artificial intelligence, digital skills, and big data analytics, that contribute to Industry 4.0’s productivity and efficiency. It also identifies six types of challenges, such as training and development, financial constraints, and regulatory issues that must be addressed to grab maximum potential. In addition, the research categorizes five different skills, including the technical, digital, and social skills that are essential for the evolving labor market. The proposed “Industry 4.0 SEI Framework” provides stakeholders with a comprehensive view of the dynamics of Industry 4.0, thereby facilitating policy and industry strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Labour Economics)
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