1,459 Results Found

Nowadays, electromobility has a significant role in transportation; different electrically driven vehicles are spreading continuously. Due to this form of drivetrain, fire safety hazards have also changed when compared to those of conventional vehicl...

The copper molten marks at a fire site provide important clues for determining the causes of fire. Four factors have been presented to quantitatively discriminate copper molten marks, namely the fraction of (001) component perpendicular to the demarc...

Fire disasters in informal settlements (also referred to as slums, shantytowns, favelas, etc.) are a major challenge worldwide, with a single incident being able to displace thousands of people. Numerous factors including dwelling spacing, material t...

The disorder and disaster evolution characteristics of ascensional airflow fires in mine ventilation systems has been the focus of mine fire research. In this work, through repeated experiments, the variation characteristics of the temperature and ai...

Experience is crucial for enhancing task performance. However, rescue experience, as a key contributor to individual and team capabilities within fire brigades, has not received sufficient attention in fire safety management research. Based on the co...

This study presents a new wireless measurement system for outdoor fire experiments based on an OCARI wireless sensor network (WSN). The open-source radio communication OCARI stack (‘Open Communication Protocol for Ad Hoc Reliable Industrial Ins...

The Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE) is designed to collect integrated observations from large wildland fires and provide evaluation datasets for new models and operational systems. Wildland fire, smoke dispersion, and atmospheric...

The increased demand for contactless services has facilitated a rapid increase in logistics facilities. There are shorter distances between the shelf racks used in mezzansine racks in such facilities compared to standard racks and can store various i...

The Cooney Ridge Fire Experiment conducted by fire scientists in 2003 was a burnout operation supported by a fire suppression crew on the active Cooney Ridge wildfire incident. The fire experiment included measurements of pre-fire fuels, active fire...

The fire performance of epoxy and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with and without fire retardants (FR) (i.e., ammonium polyphosphate (APP), aluminum trihydroxide (ATH), melamine (MEL), expandable graphite (EG)) was investigated. A...

An image tracking algorithm, which was originally used with the particle image velocimetry (PIV) to determine velocities of buoyant solid particles in water, is modified and applied in the presented work to detect motion of fire ant on a planar surfa...

Micrometeorological observations were made during a prescribed fire experiment conducted in a region of complex terrain with grass fuels and weak ambient winds of 3 m s⁻¹. The experiment allowed for the analysis of plume and turbulence structur...

In firefighting operations, the efficiency of centrifugal fire pumps is crucial for effective fire suppression. Designs aiming for lower shaft power enhance not only the pump’s energy efficiency and reliability but also lead to a reduction in s...

This perspective serves as a preface to the Topical Issue of Fire and presents an opportunity, framed within the classic approach of a thought experiment, to discuss how a new wildfire governance framework may be created from the ground up, if it wer...

This paper reports two experimental fires conducted at field-scale in Corsica, across a particular mountain shrubland. The orientation of the experimental plots was chosen in such a way that the wind was aligned along the main slope direction in orde...

Fire alarm systems are typically equipped with various sensors such as heat, smoke, and gas detectors. These provide fire alerts and notifications of emergency exits when a fire has been detected. However, such systems do not give early warning in or...

Time to flashover is an important fire safety parameter. The present study investigated the effects of fuel moisture content on the time to flashover, crucial in fire safety analysis. Experiments and simulations of an ISO 9750-1 room model at 1/8 sca...

In recent years, the region of Valparaíso has faced devastating fires, notably the Viña del Mar fire on 2 February 2024, which affected 9252 hectares. This study analyzes fire behavior in informal settlements and assesses the effectiven...

Trench fires on sloped terrain are always complicated due to the corresponding flame dynamics and heat transfer mechanisms. Flame attachment may increase the rate of fire spread (ROS) by enlarging the heating area of unburned vegetation. In addition,...

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the fire-extinguishing performance of a compressed air foam system at different mixing ratios of pressurized air. In this system, compressed air is injected into an aqueous solution of foam and then dischar...

A subway transfer station hall is crowded and complex in structure, which makes evacuation more difficult in case of a fire, but also provides more strategic options for smoke extraction. Full-scale experiments and numerical simulations are conducted...

Emergency evacuation signage in metro stations plays a critical role in guiding occupants to evacuate quickly and safely. However, variations in placement height and other display attributes can affect the perceptual efficiency of signage. This study...

This paper presents the development and validation of a two-zone model to predict fire development in a compartment. The model includes the effects of the ceiling jet on the convective heat transfer to enclosure walls and, unlike existing models, a n...

Effects of forest fires on regional weather conditions were analyzed for Central and Eastern Siberia after warm and dry weather conditions in summer 2019 using COSMO-Ru (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdeling; Ru—Russia) and COSMO-RuART (ART&mdash...

This study developed an objective approach for determining fire source location based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The samples for the ANN model were obtained from computational fluid dynamics simulations. A data preprocessor was devi...

Despite recent advances in both coupled fire modeling and measurement techniques to sample the fire environment, the fire–atmosphere coupling mechanisms that lead to fast propagating wildfires remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap advers...

Heat stress due to external heat sources such as fire is an ecological problem for plants. When forest plants suffer from fire, high temperatures cause an array of morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes, which affect growth and develop...

When a fire occurs in a tunnel during construction, the smoke cannot be discharged in time and continues to settle near the ground, which threatens the safety of personnel. It is essential to understand smoke layer distribution for safe evacuation. T...

Like many landscapes across Central America, forests in Guatemala’s Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) are increasingly susceptible to forest fire, with most forest fires resulting from untended agricultural fires. Fire damage poses significant risk to the...

The order/disorder characteristics of a compartment fire are researched based on experimental data. From our analysis performed by new, pioneering methods, we claim that the parametric Jensen-Shannon complexity can be successfully used to detect unus...

Studying an individual’s emergency escape capability and its influencing factors is of great practical significance for evacuation and escape in subway emergencies. Taking Zhengzhou Zijing Mountain Subway station as the prototype, and using VR techno...

This study investigated a factory fire that resulted in an unusual situation that caused the deaths of two firefighters. The official fire investigation report was analyzed, records were obtained, and on-site investigations and interviews were conduc...

The hippocampus is known to play an important role in memory by processing spatiotemporal information of episodic experiences. By recording synchronized multiple-unit firing events (ripple firings with 300 Hz–10 kHz) of hippocampal CA1 neurons...

Small-scale model experiments were conducted to examine the effectiveness of a point smoke exhaust system in an asymmetrical V-shaped tunnel. Using a design fire power of 20 MW as a reference, the study explored the optimal smoke exhaust rate for the...

This study investigates fire separation distances as essential means of passive fire protection in building design. The focus is on the inner corner configuration of building exterior walls, which represents the worst-case scenario for façade...

The smoke diffusion characteristics in an asymmetric V-shaped tunnel located at the slope change point were studied by experiments in a 1/20 small-scale tunnel. The influences of the slope composition of the V-shaped tunnel and fire heat release rate...

To enhance the fire safety protection level of deeply buried metro stations, this study conducted full-scale fire experiments based on Wulichong Station of Guiyang Metro Line 3. It systematically investigated the laws of smoke movement and temperatur...

Safety signs play a very important role in people’s evacuation during emergencies. In order to explore the appropriate color for subway safety signs, four safety signs of different color combinations are designed, and the virtual reality, eye-t...

Although extensive studies have been conducted on the component ratios and performance of fire extinguishing foams, most research has not explored the coupling relationship between foam wettability and adhesion. Therefore, this study aims to develop...

Smoke control is a crucial issue in a long-distance subway tunnel fire, and a two-point extraction ventilation system is an effective way to solve this problem, due to the characteristics of controlling the smoke in a limited area and removing high-t...

The article presents the results of experimental studies of evacuation of 50 people from a road tunnel in various smoke conditions. Calculations of total evacuation times, pre-movement times and movement speeds were carried out and the impact of smok...

Wildland fire literacy is the capacity for wildland fire professionals to understand and communicate fundamentals of fuel and fire behavior within the socio-ecological elements of the fire regime. While wildland fire literacy is best developed throug...

Assessments of subway train fires were conducted based on full-scale experiments and numerical simulations. The experimental platform and simulation model were established according to a real subway train in China. The results show that there was no...

Statistics show that most fires occur in civil residential buildings. Most casualties are due to the inhalation of hot air loaded with smoke, leading to intoxication with substances harmful to the human body. This research aimed to develop a CFD mode...

The state of meadow vegetation in areas with different ages of experimental spring burnout (from 1 to 12 years ago) was studied in the Tomsk region for 3 years. On experimental plots of 1 m² and 100 m² (small- and middle-scale levels, respectively),...

With the introduction of the “dual carbon” strategy, public attention to green energy has surged, leading to a notable increase in the demand for natural gas. Consequently, the storage and transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) hav...

Fire-induced structural failure in axially restrained reinforced concrete (RC) beams is a critical concern in structural fire engineering. Comparative analysis with Eurocode and ASTM E119 fire safety guidelines reveals discrepancies between theoretic...

Sauna is a common fixture in many facilities; a specific fire-protection system is typically designed and installed for this application, as short circuits or direct contact with incandescent materials may result in a fire. Water mist has been recent...

This study deals with the simulation of office fires by combining large-scale experiments with nine wooden cribs and a carefully calibrated computer model. It shows how real fire conditions, reaching up to 800–1000 °C, could be reproduced e...

Background: Chronic job insecurity seems to be a prominent feature within elite sport, where coaches work under pressure of dismissals if failing to meet performance expectations of stakeholders. The aim of the current study was to get a deeper under...