Skip to Content
You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .

159 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
4,733 Views
17 Pages

Energy Disaggregation Using Elastic Matching Algorithms

  • Pascal A. Schirmer,
  • Iosif Mporas and
  • Michael Paraskevas

6 January 2020

In this article an energy disaggregation architecture using elastic matching algorithms is presented. The architecture uses a database of reference energy consumption signatures and compares them with incoming energy consumption frames using template...

(This article belongs to the Section Signal and Data Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,657 Views
29 Pages

Energy Disaggregation Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm Designed Neural Networks

  • Inoussa Laouali,
  • Isaías Gomes,
  • Maria da Graça Ruano,
  • Saad Dosse Bennani and ,
  • Hakim El Fadili and
  • Antonio Ruano
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

30 November 2022

Energy-saving schemes are nowadays a major worldwide concern. As the building sector is a major energy consumer, and hence greenhouse gas emitter, research in home energy management systems (HEMS) has increased substantially during the last years. On...

(This article belongs to the Section G: Energy and Buildings)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,539 Views
19 Pages

Benchmarking Optimization-Based Energy Disaggregation Algorithms

  • Oladayo S. Ajani,
  • Abhishek Kumar,
  • Rammohan Mallipeddi,
  • Swagatam Das and
  • Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan

22 February 2022

Energy disaggregation (ED), with minimal infrastructure, can create energy awareness and thus promote energy efficiency by providing appliance-level consumption information. However, ED is highly ill-posed and gets complicated with increase in number...

(This article belongs to the Section A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,008 Views
16 Pages

13 September 2022

Recent research on non-intrusive load monitoring, or load disaggregation, suggests that the performance of algorithms can be affected by factors beyond energy data. In particular, by incorporating non-electric data in load disaggregation analysis, su...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Practical Nonintrusive Load Monitoring Approaches with Meaningful Performance Evaluation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,696 Views
28 Pages

Evaluation of Traditional and Data-Driven Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation Under Sampling and Filtering Conditions

  • Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro,
  • Francisco Portillo,
  • Isabel Robalo and
  • Alfredo Alcayde

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) enables the disaggregation of appliance-level energy consumption from aggregate electrical signals, offering a scalable solution for improving efficiency. This study compared the performance of traditional NILM al...

(This article belongs to the Section Inventions and Innovation in Electrical Engineering/Energy/Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,641 Views
13 Pages

20 January 2023

Recently, optimization-based energy disaggregation (ED) algorithms have been gaining significance due to their capability to perform disaggregation with minimal information compared to the pattern-based ED algorithms, which demand large amounts of da...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Optimization and Evolutionary Algorithms with Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,976 Views
16 Pages

A Minimum Cross-Entropy Approach to Disaggregate Agricultural Data at the Field Level

  • António Xavier,
  • Rui Fragoso,
  • Maria De Belém Costa Freitas,
  • Maria Do Socorro Rosário and
  • Florentino Valente

9 May 2018

Agricultural policies have impacts on land use, the economy, and the environment and their analysis requires disaggregated data at the local level with geographical references. Thus, this study proposes a model for disaggregating agricultural data, w...

  • Review
  • Open Access
41 Citations
9,414 Views
20 Pages

20 May 2016

Water monitoring in households is important to ensure the sustainability of fresh water reserves on our planet. It provides stakeholders with the statistics required to formulate optimal strategies in residential water management. However, this shoul...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
892 Citations
45,434 Views
29 Pages

Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Approaches for Disaggregated Energy Sensing: A Survey

  • Ahmed Zoha,
  • Alexander Gluhak,
  • Muhammad Ali Imran and
  • Sutharshan Rajasegarar

6 December 2012

Appliance Load Monitoring (ALM) is essential for energy management solutions, allowing them to obtain appliance-specific energy consumption statistics that can further be used to devise load scheduling strategies for optimal energy utilization. Fine-...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ubiquitous Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,330 Views
16 Pages

7 January 2019

In recent years, Smart Grids have been developing globally. Since smart meters only acquire low-frequency data, non-intrusive load monitoring technology using the signature extracted from high-frequency data needs an additional measurement device to...

(This article belongs to the Collection Power System and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,059 Views
21 Pages

26 March 2023

A non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) process is intended to allow for the separation of individual appliances from an aggregated energy reading in order to estimate the operation of individual loads. In the past, electricity meters specified only a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,971 Views
17 Pages

Scaling an Artificial Neural Network-Based Water Quality Index Model from Small to Large Catchments

  • Mehdi Aalipour,
  • Bohumil Šťastný,
  • Filip Horký and
  • Bahman Jabbarian Amiri

15 March 2022

Scaling models is one of the challenges for water resource planning and management, with the aim of bringing the developed models into practice by applying them to predict water quality and quantity for catchments that lack sufficient data. For this...

(This article belongs to the Section Water Quality and Contamination)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
8,596 Views
25 Pages

Nonintrusive Appliance Load Monitoring: An Overview, Laboratory Test Results and Research Directions

  • Augustyn Wójcik,
  • Robert Łukaszewski,
  • Ryszard Kowalik and
  • Wiesław Winiecki

20 August 2019

Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM) allows disaggregation of total electricity consumption into particular appliances in domestic or industrial environments. NIALM systems operation is based on processing of electrical signals acquired at...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor Technology for Smart Homes)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,079 Views
17 Pages

3 November 2022

Energy disaggregation algorithms disintegrate aggregate demand into appliance-level demands. Among various energy disaggregation approaches, non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) algorithms requiring a single sensor have gained much attention in recen...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power System Dynamics, Operation, and Control including Renewable Energy Systems and Smart Grid: Technology and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,537 Views
28 Pages

An Iterative Shifting Disaggregation Algorithm for Multi-Source, Irregularly Sampled, and Overlapped Time Series

  • Colin O. Quinn,
  • Ronald H. Brown,
  • George F. Corliss and
  • Richard J. Povinelli

1 February 2025

Accurate time series forecasting often requires higher temporal resolution than that provided by available data, such as when daily forecasts are needed from monthly data. Existing temporal disaggregation techniques, which typically handle only singl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Sensor Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,035 Views
18 Pages

5 February 2024

This paper introduces the first completely unsupervised methodology for non-intrusive load monitoring that does not rely on any additional data, making it suitable for real-life applications. The methodology includes an algorithm to efficiently decom...

(This article belongs to the Topic Software Engineering and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,842 Views
13 Pages

19 February 2019

In order to achieve more efficient energy consumption, it is crucial that accurate detailed information is given on how power is consumed. Electricity details benefit both market utilities and also power consumers. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,579 Views
18 Pages

Bats: An Appliance Safety Hazards Factors Detection Algorithm with an Improved Nonintrusive Load Disaggregation Method

  • Wei Wang,
  • Zilin Wang,
  • Yanru Chen,
  • Min Guo and ,
  • Zhengyu Chen,
  • Yi Niu,
  • Huangeng Liu and
  • Liangyin Chen
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

15 June 2021

In an electrical safe microenvironment, all kinds of electrical appliances can be operated safely to ensure the safety of life and property. The significance of safety hazard factors detection is to detect safety hazards in advance, to remind the adm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,540 Views
21 Pages

Obtaining reliable and detailed energy consumption information about building service (BS) systems is an essential prerequisite for identifying energy-saving potential and improving energy efficiency of a building. Therefore, in recent years, energy...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Building Energy Efficiency Related to Simulation Models)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,109 Views
20 Pages

Learning the Parameters of ELECTRE-Based Primal-Dual Sorting Methods that Use Either Characteristic or Limiting Profiles

  • Jorge Navarro,
  • Eduardo Fernández,
  • Efrain Solares,
  • Abril Flores and
  • Raymundo Díaz

11 March 2023

Two multicriteria-sorting methods that generalize the relational paradigm have been recently presented in the literature. One uses objects representative of classes, the other uses objects in the limiting boundaries of classes; both can use either a...

(This article belongs to the Section Mathematical Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,664 Views
32 Pages

The Design, Creation, Implementation, and Study of a New Dataset Suitable for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

  • Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro,
  • Francisco Portillo,
  • Francisco G. Montoya and
  • Alfredo Alcayde

26 June 2025

The increasing need for efficient energy consumption monitoring, driven by economic and environmental concerns, has made Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) a cost-effective alternative to traditional measurement methods. Despite its progress since...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Power Quality Detection, Analysis and Optimization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,627 Views
24 Pages

Towards Feasible Solutions for Load Monitoring in Quebec Residences

  • Sayed Saeed Hosseini,
  • Benoit Delcroix,
  • Nilson Henao,
  • Kodjo Agbossou and
  • Sousso Kelouwani

21 August 2023

For many years, energy monitoring at the most disaggregate level has been mainly sought through the idea of Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM). Developing a practical application of this concept in the residential sector can be impeded by the techn...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Practical Nonintrusive Load Monitoring Approaches with Meaningful Performance Evaluation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,628 Views
17 Pages

Non-Intrusive Load Disaggregation Based on a Multi-Scale Attention Residual Network

  • Liguo Weng,
  • Xiaodong Zhang,
  • Junhao Qian,
  • Min Xia and ,
  • Yiqing Xu and
  • Ke Wang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

21 December 2020

Non-intrusive load disaggregation (NILD) is of great significance to the development of smart grids. Current energy disaggregation methods extract features from sequences, and this process easily leads to a loss of load features and difficulties in d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficiency and Optimization of Buildings Energy Consumption: Volume II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
63 Citations
6,368 Views
14 Pages

11 June 2019

In this paper we evaluate several well-known and widely used machine learning algorithms for regression in the energy disaggregation task. Specifically, the Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring approach was considered and the K-Nearest-Neighbours, Support V...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Computational Intelligence for Data Analytics, Modeling, Control and Optimisation of Sustainable Energy Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,701 Views
24 Pages

16 November 2020

A smart grid is a promising use-case of AIoT (AI (artificial intelligence) across IoT (internet of things)) that enables bidirectional communication among utilities that arises with demand response (DR) schemes for demand-side management (DSM) and co...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficiency and Optimization of Buildings Energy Consumption: Volume II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
6,183 Views
23 Pages

Stepwise Disaggregation of SMAP Soil Moisture at 100 m Resolution Using Landsat-7/8 Data and a Varying Intermediate Resolution

  • Nitu Ojha,
  • Olivier Merlin,
  • Beatriz Molero,
  • Christophe Suere and ,
  • Luis Olivera-Guerra,
  • Bouchra Ait Hssaine,
  • Abdelhakim Amazirh,
  • Ahmad Al Bitar,
  • Maria Jose Escorihuela and
  • Salah Er-Raki
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

9 August 2019

Global soil moisture (SM) products are currently available from passive microwave sensors at typically 40 km spatial resolution. Although recent efforts have been made to produce 1 km resolution data from the disaggregation of coarse scale observatio...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Regional Soil Moisture)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
832 Views
11 Pages

19 July 2025

Load disaggregation has emerged as an effective tool for enabling smarter energy management in residential and commercial buildings. By providing appliance-level energy consumption estimation from aggregate data, it supports energy efficiency initiat...

(This article belongs to the Topic Water and Energy Monitoring and Their Nexus)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
8,589 Views
21 Pages

5 June 2015

The objective of this study is to develop artificial neural network (ANN) models, including multilayer perceptron (MLP) and Kohonen self-organizing feature map (KSOFM), for spatial disaggregation of areal rainfall in the Wi-stream catchment, an Inte...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Use of Meta-Heuristic Techniques in Rainfall-Runoff Modelling)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
7,196 Views
17 Pages

13 January 2018

Thermal data products derived from remotely sensed data play significant roles as key parameters for biophysical phenomena. However, a trade-off between spatial and spectral resolutions has existed in thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing systems, wi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing for Land Surface Temperature (LST) Estimation, Generation, and Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,234 Views
22 Pages

25 April 2023

Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a process that disaggregates individual energy consumption based on the total energy consumption. In this study, an energy disaggregation model was developed and verified using an algorithm based on a recurrent...

(This article belongs to the Section G: Energy and Buildings)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,353 Views
14 Pages

MC-NILM: A Multi-Chain Disaggregation Method for NILM

  • Hao Ma,
  • Juncheng Jia,
  • Xinhao Yang,
  • Weipeng Zhu and
  • Hong Zhang

18 July 2021

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is an approach that helps residents obtain detailed information about household electricity consumption and has gradually become a research focus in recent years. Most of the existing algorithms on NILM build ener...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Transformation in the Energy Sector: Data-Driven Analytics, Services and Business Models)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,562 Views
17 Pages

Demand side management has a vital role in supporting the demand response in smart grid infrastructure, in the decision-making of energy management, in household applications is significantly affected by the load-forecasting accuracy. This paper intr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies Enabling Smart Grid)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,949 Views
26 Pages

27 February 2023

The estimation of electric power utilization, its baseload, and its heating, light, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) power component, which represents a very large portion of electricity usage in commercial facilities, are important for energ...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Saving Technology in Building)
  • Article
  • Open Access
57 Citations
6,612 Views
26 Pages

2 May 2020

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a process of estimating operational states and power consumption of individual appliances, which if implemented in real-time, can provide actionable feedback in terms of energy usage and personalized recommenda...

(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
9,750 Views
21 Pages

Water End Use Disaggregation Based on Soft Computing Techniques

  • L. Pastor-Jabaloyes,
  • F. J. Arregui and
  • R. Cobacho

9 January 2018

Disaggregating residential water end use events through the available commercial tools needs a great investment in time to manually process smart metering data. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to achieve a homogenous and sufficiently large corpu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Hydroinformatic Techniques for the Simulation and Analysis of Water Supply and Distribution Systems)
  • Review
  • Open Access
119 Citations
12,533 Views
29 Pages

Towards Trustworthy Energy Disaggregation: A Review of Challenges, Methods, and Perspectives for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

  • Maria Kaselimi,
  • Eftychios Protopapadakis,
  • Athanasios Voulodimos,
  • Nikolaos Doulamis and
  • Anastasios Doulamis

5 August 2022

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is the task of disaggregating the total power consumption into its individual sub-components. Over the years, signal processing and machine learning algorithms have been combined to achieve this. Many publications...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Essay
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,679 Views
20 Pages

Research on Non-Intrusive Load Disaggregation Technology Based on VMD–Nyströmformer–BiTCN

  • Fengxia Xu,
  • Han Wang,
  • Zhongda Lu,
  • Jun Qiao and ,
  • Yongqiang Zhang and
  • Hu Heng
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

26 November 2024

Non-intrusive load disaggregation is a technique that monitors the total electrical load of an entire building or household. It uses a single power metering device to measure the total load. Then, it employs algorithms to break it down into the indiv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,349 Views
34 Pages

In this paper, we address whether using a disaggregated series or combining an aggregated and disaggregated series improves the forecasting of the aggregated series compared to using the aggregated series alone. We used econometric techniques, such a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
81 Citations
6,894 Views
24 Pages

Generating Daily Synthetic Landsat Imagery by Combining Landsat and MODIS Data

  • Mingquan Wu,
  • Wenjiang Huang,
  • Zheng Niu and
  • Changyao Wang

18 September 2015

Owing to low temporal resolution and cloud interference, there is a shortage of high spatial resolution remote sensing data. To address this problem, this study introduces a modified spatial and temporal data fusion approach (MSTDFA) to generate dail...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
92 Citations
13,170 Views
14 Pages

3 June 2019

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is an effective method to optimize energy consumption patterns. Since the concept of NILM was proposed, extensive research has focused on energy disaggregation or load identification. The traditional method is to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neural Computation and Applications for Sustainable Energy Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,968 Views
16 Pages

Load Disaggregation Based on a Bidirectional Dilated Residual Network with Multihead Attention

  • Yifei Shu,
  • Jieying Kang,
  • Mei Zhou,
  • Qi Yang and ,
  • Lai Zeng and
  • Xiaomei Yang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Load disaggregation determines appliance-level energy consumption unintrusively from aggregated consumption measured by a single meter. Deep neural networks have been proven to have great potential in load disaggregation. In this article, a temporal...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Data Science and Information Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
68 Citations
4,726 Views
19 Pages

Load Flexibility Forecast for DR Using Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring in the Residential Sector

  • Alexandre Lucas,
  • Luca Jansen,
  • Nikoleta Andreadou,
  • Evangelos Kotsakis and
  • Marcelo Masera

16 July 2019

Demand response services and energy communities are set to be vital in bringing citizens to the core of the energy transition. The success of load flexibility integration in the electricity market, provided by demand response services, will depend on...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,372 Views
16 Pages

Object-Based Window Strategy in Thermal Sharpening

  • Haiping Xia,
  • Yunhao Chen,
  • Jinling Quan and
  • Jing Li

15 March 2019

The trade-off between spatial and temporal resolutions has led to the disaggregation of remotely sensed land surface temperatures (LSTs) for better applications. The window used for regression is one of the primary factors affecting the disaggregatio...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Object Based Image Analysis for Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
4,957 Views
16 Pages

2 April 2018

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM), monitoring single-appliance consumption level by decomposing the aggregated energy consumption, is a novel and economic technology that is beneficial to energy utilities and energy demand management strategies de...

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Science and Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,243 Views
20 Pages

Improving Land Cover Classifications with Multiangular Data: MISR Data in Mainland Spain

  • Carlos J. Novillo,
  • Patricia Arrogante-Funes and
  • Raúl Romero-Calcerrada

31 October 2018

In this study, we deal with the application of multiangular data from the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) sensor for studying the effect of surface anisotropy and directional information on the classification accuracy for different land c...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MISR)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,191 Views
20 Pages

Non-Intrusive Load Disaggregation by Linear Classifier Group Considering Multi-Feature Integration

  • Jinying Yu,
  • Yuchen Gao,
  • Yuxin Wu,
  • Dian Jiao and ,
  • Chang Su and
  • Xin Wu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

30 August 2019

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a core technology for demand response (DR) and energy conservation services. Traditional NILM methods are rarely combined with practical applications, and most studies aim to disaggregate the whole loads in a h...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Management and Smart Grids)
  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
5,809 Views
21 Pages

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

  • Noman Shabbir,
  • Kristina Vassiljeva,
  • Hossein Nourollahi Hokmabad,
  • Oleksandr Husev and ,
  • Eduard Petlenkov and
  • Juri Belikov
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) has emerged as a pivotal technology in energy management applications by enabling precise monitoring of individual appliance energy consumption without the requirements of intrusive sensors or smart meters. In thi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy Evaluation of Machine Learning in Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,507 Views
15 Pages

14 June 2022

Estimating household energy use patterns and user consumption habits is a fundamental requirement for management and control techniques of demand response programs, leading to a growing interest in non-intrusive load disaggregation methods. In this w...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Practical Nonintrusive Load Monitoring Approaches with Meaningful Performance Evaluation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
97 Citations
8,399 Views
17 Pages

21 February 2020

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is the main method used to monitor the energy footprint of a residential building and disaggregate total electrical usage into appliance-related signals. The most common disaggregation algorithms are based on the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Neural Networks in Smart Grids)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,145 Views
26 Pages

Equipment- and Time-Constrained Data Acquisition Protocol for Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring

  • Konstantinos Koasidis,
  • Vangelis Marinakis,
  • Haris Doukas,
  • Nikolaos Doumouras and ,
  • Anastasios Karamaneas and
  • Alexandros Nikas
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

28 October 2023

Energy behaviours will play a key role in decarbonising the building sector but require the provision of tailored insights to assist occupants to reduce their energy use. Energy disaggregation has been proposed to provide such information on the appl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Efficiency of the Buildings II)

of 4