The escalating economic losses in agriculture due to deer intrusion, estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars annually in the U.S., highlight the inadequacy of traditional mitigation strategies such as hunting, fencing, use of repellent...
Agricultural loss due to the overpopulation of Sika deer poses a significant challenge in Japan, leading to frequent human–wildlife conflicts. We conducted a study in Muroran, Hokkaido (42°22′56.1″ N–141°01′51.5&...
As the sika deer breeding industry flourishes on a large scale, accurately assessing the health of these animals is of paramount importance. Implementing posture recognition through target detection serves as a vital method for monitoring the well-be...
Game meat products are particularly prone to be adulterated by replacing game meat with cheaper meat species. Recently, we have presented a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the identification and quantification of roe deer in food....
Musk deer are forest-dwelling artiodactyls of high conservation value, but their wild populations remain under severe conservation pressure due to poaching driven by the demand for natural musk, together with habitat fragmentation and habitat loss. E...
Passive acoustic sensors have the potential to become a valuable complementary component in red deer Cervus elaphus monitoring providing deeper insight into the behavior of stags during the rutting period. Automation of data acquisition and processin...
The breeding of sika deer has significant economic value in China. However, the traditional management methods have problems such as low efficiency, easy triggering of strong stress responses, and damage to animal welfare. Therefore, the development...
Real-time machine-vision monitoring of group-housed juvenile sika deer is challenging because targets are often small, densely distributed and partially occluded, while edge deployment requires compact models. This study developed a lightweight syste...
Deer keds (Lipoptena spp. and Neolipoptena ferrisi) are hematophagous ectoparasites that primarily infest white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and other cervids in the United States. The distribution of deer keds in the northeastern United Stat...
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli carrying the stx1 and/or stx2 genes can cause multi-symptomatic illness in humans. A variety of terrestrial and aquatic environmental reservoirs of stx have been described. Culture based detection of microbes in deer spe...
Deer represent a major vertebrate host for all feeding stages of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus in the United Kingdom (UK), and could play a role in the persistence of tick-borne pathogens. However, there have been few studies reporting the presence of...
Studies of habitat-related behaviour of mammals are time-consuming. This study aims to develop a model for monitoring the behaviour of mammals in different habitat types using drones mounted with thermal cameras in combination with a YOLO object dete...
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are the remnants of past retroviral infections that once invaded the host’s germline and were vertically transmitted. ERV sequences have been reported in mammals, but their distribution and diversity in cervids ar...
This study investigates the possibility of utilising a drone equipped with a thermal camera to monitor the spatial distribution of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and to determine their behavioural patterns, as well as preferences for vegetation types in a...
The transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) has largely been attributed to contact with infectious prions shed in excretions (saliva, urine, feces, blood) by direct animal-to-animal exposure or indirect contact with the environment. Less-well s...
Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important cause of diarrhea in humans and animals. However, RVA in wild animals has only scarcely been investigated so far. Here, the presence of RVA in wild ungulates hunted between 2019 and 2022 in Brandenburg, Germany, was...
Molecular sexing techniques are widely applied in conservation biology, although the range of forensically validated methods is fairly limited. The primary aim of this work was to develop forensically validated assays, using two PCR panels for sex an...
Hantaviruses are widespread emergent zoonotic agents that cause unapparent or limited disease in their rodent hosts, yet cause acute, often fatal pulmonary or renal infections in humans. Previous laboratory experiments with rodent reservoir hosts ind...
The traditional monitoring of forest musk deer behavior primarily relies on direct human observation or the post hoc playback analysis of ordinary surveillance videos. This approach is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also highly subje...
Behavioral analysis of animals in the wild plays an important role for ecological research and conservation and has been mostly performed by researchers. We introduce an action detection approach that automates this process by detecting animals and p...
Babesia species have been detected in deer across Europe, and deer grazing in the same location as livestock may increase the risk of transmission of species such as the parasite B. divergens. Bovine babesiosis and the cost of treatment increase the...
Metallothioneins play a key role in maintaining homeostasis of essential metalsand in protecting of cells against metal toxicity as well as oxidative damaging. Exceptinghumans, blood levels of metallothionein have not yet been reported from any anima...
Wildlife monitoring can be time-consuming and expensive, but the fast-developing technologies of uncrewed aerial vehicles, sensors, and machine learning pave the way for automated monitoring. In this study, we trained YOLOv5 neural networks to detect...
This article investigates the effectiveness of feature extraction and selection techniques in enhancing the performance of classifier accuracy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) detection using microarray gene data. To address the inherent high dimens...
The use of high-throughput sequencing has facilitated virus discovery in wild animals and helped determine their potential threat to humans and other animals. We report the complete genome sequence of a novel picornavirus identified by next-generatio...
Major clinical symptoms of Theileria infection include fever, anemia, anorexia, jaundice, and decreased milk production. Although several studies have been conducted on tick-borne pathogens, including Theileria in Korea, only a few have focused on Th...
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible prion disease of the cervidae family. ELISA and IHC tests performed postmortem on the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLN) or obex are considered diagnostic gold standards for prion detection. How...
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common causative agent of acute hepatitis in the world, with a serious public health burden in both developing and industrialized countries. Cervids, along with wild boars and lagomorphs, are the main wild hosts of HEV in...
Due to their physicochemical properties, per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) persist and bioaccumulate in living organisms, causing adverse health effects. Since exposure to xenobiotics is influenced by factors related to both the livin...
The occurrence of bark stripping associated with increased deer densities can severely damage forests. Identifying trends in bark stripping is crucial for forest management, but such data are often difficult to obtain through field surveys. Therefore...
Fine-scale habitat data for alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) remain scarce across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, limiting evidence-based conservation. We deployed 221 camera stations at approximately 10 km grid spacing in Baqing County, Nagq...
Deer keds are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of birds and mammals. Cervids serve as specific hosts for these insects. However, ked infestations have been observed in non-specific hosts, including humans, companion animals, and livestock. Lipo...
Rabies is a universally fatal viral disease that affects a wide variety of mammalian species, including carnivores and herbivores. While testing and confirmed reports in wild carnivores are common, comparatively less is known about this disease in wi...
The hair follicle dermal papilla is critical for hair generation and de novo regeneration. When cultured in vitro, dermal papilla cells from different species demonstrate two distinguishable growth patterns under the conventional culture condition: a...
Among wildlife species, roe deer stands out as a valuable indicator of environmental pollution due to its ecological significance and role as a game animal. The assessment of poly- and perfluoro substances (PFASs) bioaccumulation is of the utmost imp...
Extreme weather impacts the ecological niches of fungi, altering mycotoxin risks in wildlife. We analyzed mycotoxin carry-over into European fallow deer (Dama dama) milk across seasons and assessed how drought influences the shift from Fusarium to As...
Non-contact behavioral monitoring is important for low-disturbance husbandry of captive forest musk deer, but variable illumination, shadows, partial occlusion, and low target-background contrast can reduce recognition reliability. This study develop...
To provide consumers correct information on meat species, specific and sensitive detection methods are needed. Thus, we developed a capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR assay to simultaneously detect red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capr...
Roe deer meat is a prized game product in many European countries. However, concerns exist regarding the accuracy of the amount of declared roe deer in processed game meat foods. This study aimed to develop a reliable method for the detection and qua...
Several studies reported a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among white-tailed deer in North America. Monitoring cervids in all regions to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and circulation in other deer populations has been urged. To evaluate deer...
Although inter-species hybrids between the red and sika deer can be phenotypically determined only exceptionally, there is the eventuality of identification via molecular genetic analysis. We used bi-parentally inherited microsatellite markers and a...
Monitoring wild ungulates such as deer is a highly challenging issue faced by wildlife managers. Wild ungulates are increasing in number worldwide, causing damage to ecosystems. For effective management, the precise estimation of their population siz...
Background: The role of cervids in the circulation of A. phagocytophilum has not yet been clearly determined; however, several species of wild and farm cervids may be a natural reservoir of this bacteria. Methods: Spleen and liver tissue samples were...
Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) have been detected in several species of animals worldwide; however, data pertaining to their presence in Australian wild and domestic animals are limited. Although PBVs are mostly found in faecal samples, their detection in b...
An outbreak of disease in a Swedish beef cattle herd initiated an in-depth study to investigate the presence of bacteria and viruses in the blood of clinically healthy (n = 10) and clinically diseased cattle (n = 20) using whole-genome shotgun sequen...
The importance of game as a source of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in humans is largely unknown. New data on the presence of T. gondii in game hunted in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany, were obtained by direct and indirect detect...
This study, conducted in a nature reserve in southern Portugal, investigated the frequency and diversity of tick-borne piroplasms in six species of adult ixodid ticks removed from 71 fallow deer (Dama dama) and 12 red deer (Cervus elaphus), collected...
Perceived risk associated with hunters can cause white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to shift their activity away from key foraging areas or alter normal movements, which are important considerations in managing hunting and its effects on a po...
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are important infections affecting animal health, and some are zoonotic. Understanding the distribution of TBDs in wildlife is important to evaluate the role of wild animals in the maintenance and spread of tick-borne patho...
Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a degenerative and fatal prion disease affecting cervids, was detected for the first time in the province of Québec, Canada, in a red deer (Cervus elaphus) farm in the Laurentides region on 10 September 2018. To...
of 7