96 Results Found

Road vehicles, particularly cars, are one of the primary sources of CO2 emissions in the transport sector. Shifting to unconventional energy sources such as solar and wind power may reduce their carbon footprints considerably. Consequently, using amm...

Based on a constant volume combustion chamber, the initial ambient pressure effect on gasoline combustion performance and flame propagation of the active and passive pre-chamber ignition systems were studied. Compared with the passive pre-chamber, th...

Most of the world’s energy requirements are still derived from natural resources. This will result in a catastrophic energy crisis with negative environmental consequences. The increased energy supply will result in greater consumption of non-r...

The characteristics of spark ignition with a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) is evaluated for the efficiency of capacitive-assisted ignition (CAI), such as spark kernel and flame growth. The conventional spark method and matching effect of...

One factor limiting the exploitation of hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion engines is their tendency to autoignition. In fact, on one hand, its low activation energy facilitates autoignition even with low compression ratios; on the other hand,...

Present-day direct injection (DI) diesel engines with a high power density of displacement are not just promoting an expansion in the utilization of high-temperature resistant alloys in pistons yet, in addition, the expanded cylinder air pressures. W...

To reveal the physical evolution of methanol spray under different environmental conditions and injection strategies, this study focuses on the atomization and evaporation behavior of low-pressure methanol spray. The coupled effects of temperature, p...

As a carbon-free fuel, ammonia faces challenges in engine applications due to its low flame propagation speed and high ignition energy. The pre-chamber turbulent jet-post spark ignition strategy (TJ-PSI) has been proven effective in accelerating the...

The objective of this study was to investigate the macroscopic spray characteristics of different 0%–100% blends of biodiesel derived from drainage oil and diesel (BD0, BD20, BD50, BD80, BD100), such as spray tip penetration, average tip velocity at...

Heavy-duty diesel engines operating in plateau regions experience deteriorated combustion. However, the lack of up-to-date information on the spray-combustion process limits the fundamental understanding of the role of altitude. In this work, the in-...

In the modern industrial field, there is a strong emphasis on energy-saving and emission reduction. Increasing the amount of ethanol in ethanol–gasoline blends has the potential to replace fossil fuel gasoline more effectively, improving energy...

This article presents the results of an assessment of the combustion process of blends of n-hexane and canola oil. Tests were conducted for pure canola oil and its blends with n-hexane, with a max. n-hexane content of 20% by volume. The tests were ca...

The spray characteristics of liquid ammonia under various ambient pressures and temperatures were analyzed in a constant volume chamber to cover a wide range of superheat degrees. The injection pressure was set as 70 and 80 MPa with ambient pressure...

Dual spark plug ignition can accelerate the burning velocity of nature gas and improve the engine performance. However, the mechanism between the two flames and the disturbance characteristics of flame to flow field during the combustion process unde...

Comparative experimental studies of fuel sprays evolution dynamics in a constant volume chamber were carried out with a view to reduce the uneven distribution of diesel fuel in the combustion chamber when the Common Rail injector is inclined. The fue...

The aim of this study is to investigate the spray characteristics of diesel and gasoline under various ambient conditions. Ambient conditions were simulated, ranging from atmospheric conditions to high pressure and temperature conditions such as thos...

Blending gasoline with hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel has the potential to improve combustion problems of gasoline direct-injection compression combustion, and the spray characteristics of the blending fuel can directly affect the combustion effect...

The application of laser ignition in the aerospace field has promising prospects. Based on the constant volume combustion chamber, the laser ignition of CH4/O2/N2 mixture with different initial pressure, different laser energy, different equivalence...

Experimental studies have been performed to investigate the effects of hydrogen addition on the combustion characteristics of Chinese No.3 jet fuel (RP-3 kerosene/air premixed flames. Experiments were carried out in a constant volume chamber and the...

This study investigated gasoline–biodiesel blended fuel (GB) subjected to a fuel spray development process on macroscopic and microscopic scales. The four tested fuels were neat gasoline and gasoline containing biodiesel (5%, 20%, and 40% by vo...

In the future, ammonia is expected to become a carbon-free fuel for internal combustion engines. However, the flammability of ammonia is poorer compared to conventional fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuel. Pre-chamber jet ignition may be an effect...

Increasing the injection pressure has a significant impact on atomization and combustion characteristics. Spray tip penetration serves as a vital parameter for fuel injection control and engine structure design. However, a reliable spray tip penetrat...

Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) is a second-generation biofuel with physicochemical properties similar to conventional diesel. Composed mainly of n-paraffins, it offers favorable autoignition characteristics. Produced by hydrotreating vegetable oils...

The vigorous development of marine engines fueled by natural gas can effectively support the reform of energy structures in the field of ship power, aligning with the global trend toward sustainable development and green shipping. However, the presen...

Pressure gain combustion cycles are under the spotlight due to their higher theoretical cycle thermal efficiency compared to conventional machines. Under this prism, a constant-volume combustor (CVC) prototype supplied with a mixture of air and liqui...

Batteries are widely used in energy storage systems (ESS), and thermal runaway in different types of batteries presents varying safety risks. Therefore, comparative research on the thermal runaway behaviors of various batteries is essential. This stu...

This research studies the macroscopic spray structure from a single-hole common rail diesel injector using gasoline-blended 5% biodiesel for use in compression ignition engines. To reduce the NOX/PM trade-off emissions, researchers are investigating...

Ammonia has attracted considerable attention as a zero-carbon fuel for decarbonizing energy-intensive industries. However, its low reactivity and narrow flammability limit efficient ignition and efficient combustion. By using CONVERGR software, this...

The ejector performance varies with the mixing chamber length which is largely dependent on the fluid liquid volume fraction at the inlet. In this study, numerical simulations are conducted to optimize two mixing chamber lengths of a two-phase ejecto...

The sustainability of diesel engines has come to the forefront of research with the growing global interest in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving energy efficiency. The aim of this paper is to support the goal of sustainable development...

The aeroderivative gas turbine is widely used as it demonstrates many advantages. Adding hydrogen to natural gas fuels can improve the performance of combustion. Following this, the effects of hydrogen enrichment on combustion characteristics were an...

The utilization of ammonia as a fuel for gas turbines involves practical challenges due to its low reactivity, narrow flammability limits, and slow laminar flame propagation. One of the potential solutions to enhance the combustion reactivity of ammo...

A new methodology of determination of the theoretical and actual working volume of a hydraulic motor based on the characteristics of the delivered flow rate into hydraulic motor vs. the rotational speed at a constant pressure drop in the working cham...

The article presents a model for the simulation of changes over time in the activity concentrations of radon and thoron and their progeny in an open system. The results of these simulations can be helpful in adapting the calibration process to the ob...

A commercially available pyrotechnic igniter was used according to the EN 14034 and ASTM E1226a Standards to study the explosiveness of dispersed dusts. Its pyrotechnic composition consists of 1.2 g of zirconium (40% wt.), barium peroxide (30% wt.) a...

Using powder X-ray diffraction and AC impedance spectroscopy, we have found that the superprotonic CsH2PO4 (CDP) phase is stable at T = 250 °C when sealed in different volumes (15 mL and 50 mL) of dry air or inert gasses. Under these conditions,...

The concept of static and dynamic reservoirs is presented, and their performances are evaluated. The static reservoir is a simple reservoir with constant volume, and the dynamic one has a volume which varies as a function of the position of an intern...

A new methodology for predicting the real instantaneous in-cylinder volume in the combustion chamber of a reciprocating internal combustion engine is implemented. The mathematical model developed as part of this methodology, takes into consideration...

In this work, we conducted a numerical analysis of an oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter (WEC) device. The main objective of this research was to conduct a geometric evaluation of the device by defining an optimal configuration that...

In this study, a numerical model of a modified air-drying process of apple slices that considers the conjugate heat and mass transfer in the drying chamber is developed. Inside the apple slice sample, the continuum model is incorporated to describe t...

Due to its low calorific value, abnormal phenomena such as incomplete combustion and flameout may occur during the combustion process of biomass syngas. The applicability of adding hydrogen can assist in the combustion of biomass syngas in boilers to...

Lab-on-a-CD (LOCD) is gaining importance as a diagnostic platform due to being low-cost, easy-to-use, and portable. During LOCD usage, mixing and reaction are two processes that play an essential role in biochemical applications such as point-of-care...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have recently received considerable attention for the analysis and monitoring of different biochemical processes in biological systems such as humans, plants, and microorganisms. The advantage of using VOCs to gather...

The effects of initial pressure and temperature in a constant volume test chamber with a common rail injection system on the processes of self-ignition and combustion of rapeseed oil and various blends of rapeseed oil with diesel oil are explored. Ba...

To understand the effect of hydrogen addition on the laminar burning velocity (LBV) of ethanol–air mixtures, experiments were conducted in a constant volume combustion chamber with the high-speed schlieren photography technique. The experiments...

The baking process in tunnel ovens can be influenced by many parameters. Among these, the most important can be considered as: the baking time, the volume of dough pieces, the texture and humidity of the dough, the distribution of temperature inside...

Hydro-pneumatic suspension (HPS) systems are increasingly being implemented in commercial vehicles and various industrial equipment, which is mainly attributed to the integration of adaptable nonlinear pneumatic stiffness and hydraulic damping proper...

Two typical medium replacement methods are employed to culture cells, that is, traditional manual medium change, wherein complete medium changes are performed at short-term intervals; and perfusion, wherein continuous culture media delivery and disch...

Mathematical modeling is used to study the hereditary mechanism of the accumulation of radioactive radon gas in a chamber with gas-discharge counters at several observation points in Kamchatka. Continuous monitoring of variations in radon volumetric...

Using the data of radon accumulation in a chamber with excess volume at one of the points of the Kamchatka subsurface gas-monitoring network, the change in radon flux density due to seismic waves and post-seismic relaxation of the medium is shown. A...